ARSHI Veterinary Letters

Canine babesiosis in Nueva Ecija, Philippines: A retrospective study from small animal veterinary clinics

Anne Auldwyne T. Timenia , Christian C. Santos , Alvin Puntil Soriano — Tue, 08 Apr 2025 09:50:52 +0700

This study investigated the occurrence of canine babesiosis from 2020 to 2022 based on records from eight small animal veterinary clinics across four cities in Nueva Ecija: Cabanatuan, Gapan, Muñoz, and San Jose. Data on age, sex, breed, clinical signs, date of diagnosis, and owner address were collected and organized using Microsoft Excel. The results indicated that dogs aged 13 months and older had the highest incidence of babesiosis (52.86%). Male dogs (50.26%) were slightly more affected than females (47.66%). Toy breeds, particularly Shih Tzus, exhibited the highest infection rate (56.50%). Inappetence was the most commonly observed clinical sign (61.01%). The majority of cases (49.39%) occurred during the rainy season (June to November), with Cabanatuan reporting the highest number of cases (184 cases). Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between babesiosis and the dogs’ age, sex, and breed.

Epitheliogenesis imperfecta in a day-old Landrace piglet in Payangan, Gianyar, Bali

I Putu Cahyadi Putra, Korbinianus Feribertus Rinca, Ni Wayan Helpina Widyasanti — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 11:49:37 +0700

One of the six Landrace piglets was born without skin on their thighs. Physical examination showed that the piglets had a birth weight of 1.32 kg, temperature of 39.1^oC, absence of skin on the back of the right (4.2 × 7.1 cm) and left (5.1 × 5.3 cm) thighs and the base of the tail, and open wounds. Based on signalment, case history, and physical examination, the piglets were diagnosed with epitheliogenesis imperfecta (EI). The therapy administered was procaine antibiotics and benzathine penicillin G at a dose of 1 ml/10 kg body weight (BW) once injection. Diphenhydramine HCl at a dose of 1 mg/kg BW was given once. Wound cleansing was performed daily with 0.9% NaCl infusion solution, and a 10% povidone-iodine antiseptic was administered for 14 days. The wound was left open without dressing. On the 3rd day after birth, piglets were supplemented with Ferdex® Plus at 2 ml/piglet once. Piglets were left with their sows during the treatment. Treatment results showed healing starting from the formation of a scab on day three and slowly sloughing off until day 8 (remaining ± 10% of the scab). The skin had fully grown, and the wound had completely healed by day 15 after the piglets were born.

Effective resolution of a post-ovariohysterectomy cutaneous abscess in a young female cat following antibiotic switch from amoxicillin to cefadroxil

Jully Handoko, Berna Natalia Br Silaban, Alfin Saputra — Tue, 18 Feb 2025 12:07:43 +0700

This case report presents the first use of buried continuous intradermal sutures in Indonesia to treat a post-ovariohysterectomy cutaneous abscess in a young cat, with an antibiotic switch. A 6-month-old female cat, K (2.5 kg), developed a cutaneous abscess after ovariohysterectomy. Amoxicillin trihydrate (15 mg/kg q12h) was administered orally for postoperative antimicrobial therapy. On day 9, physical examination revealed swelling at the sutured incision site, an elevated rectal temperature (39.9°C), and a grimacing expression. Antibiotic therapy was continued with subcutaneous injection of long-acting amoxicillin (15 mg/kg). However, by day 18, the owner reported purulent discharge from the swollen area. Upon re-examination, the antibiotic regimen was adjusted by replacing amoxicillin trihydrate with cefadroxil (35 mg/kg q24h, orally). By day 21, significant healing was observed with a notable reduction in abscess size and complete cessation of pus discharge. In subsequent days, clinical signs gradually diminished, and K's overall condition improved, as indicated by the return of normal appetite, behavior, and activity. The sutured incision site healed well and blended seamlessly with the surrounding skin.

Repeated exposure to trichlorphone caused death in a young cat

Zulfa Aisyah Nur'aeni, Rina Juwita, Sarasati Windria, Prananda Eka Rifki — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 22:48:12 +0700

A 4-month-old Persian cat was brought to the Zoom Veterinary Clinic because it had seizures after using insecticide containing trichlorfon. After a physical examination, it was found that the cat had seizures, hypersalivation, and cyanosis of the gums and ears. Hematology and blood biochemistry tests were performed. The hematology results showed an increase in white blood cells, while the blood biochemistry results showed an increase in blood glucose, SGPT, calcium, and amylase and a decrease in creatinine. The first treatment was given atropine sulfate, ornipural, and Ringer lactate infusion. After that, the cat's condition improved, but the cat had seizures again. The cat was hospitalized at the Zoom Clinic and received therapy in the form of diazepam, cefotaxime, Ringer lactate infusion, furosemide, ornipural, and Novifit®. On the 2nd day of hospitalization, the cat died.

Surgical treatment of prolapsed nictitating membrane gland with Morgan's pocket technique on a kintamani dog

Dinda Devira, I Wayan Gorda, I Gusti Ngurah Sudisma — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:37:56 +0700

Prolapsed nictitating membrane gland, or "cherry eye," is a common ocular condition in dogs, characterized by protrusion of the third eyelid gland due to weakened connective tissue, often causing inflammation and infection. A 1-year-old, 11 kg male Kintamani dog presented with a persistent reddish mass protruding from the corner of the right eye for three months. Clinical examination, history, and physical findings confirmed nictitating membrane prolapse (cherry eye), with a favorable prognosis. Cherry eye occurs when the gland of the third eyelid prolapses from its normal position, forming a swollen red mass at the medial canthus. Surgical correction was performed using the Morgan's pocket technique. The dog was premedicated with atropine sulfate, and anesthesia was induced using xylazine and ketamine. The prolapsed gland was repositioned between the two incision lines with gentle downward pressure and then sutured using 4-0 PGA (Assucryl®) in a simple continuous pattern. Postoperative care included antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops (Cendo Xitrol®: Neomycin Sulfate, Polymyxin B Sulfate, Dexamethasone) and oral meloxicam for analgesia. By day 13 post-surgery, the eye had fully recovered, with no signs of recurrence or complications.

Management of chronic kidney disease in a young adult-aged male domestic cat

Mon, 24 Feb 2025 08:38:43 +0700

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an irreversible condition resulting in steady renal function deterioration. This decline impedes the ability of the body to regulate metabolism, fluids, and electrolytes. This paper reports the case of a young adult-aged male domestic cat, named Kuning, who was brought to the clinic with severe symptoms, including hematemesis, anorexia, and dehydration, and received intravenous fluid therapy via a 24G catheter. On the third day of hospitalization, ultrasonography revealed significant kidney abnormalities, including irregular cortical surfaces, indistinct cortico-medullary boundaries, focal hyperechoic areas in the cortex, and medullary ring sign. The urinary bladder appeared intact with an anechoic lumen. Liver ultrasonography revealed blunted edges in the right and left lobes and focal hyperechoic diffuse changes in the parenchyma, suggesting hepatic involvement. Following intensive treatment, Kuning's condition improved. Routine hematological tests on days 9 and 16-23 showed positive trends, with increased platelet counts and elevated leukocyte levels. Liver function improved compared to the initial assessments but remained outside the normal range. Based on anamnesis, clinical examination, and diagnostic findings, Kuning was diagnosed with CKD. After 27 days of intensive hospitalization, Kuning exhibited steady recovery, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management in CKD cases.

Transmissible venereal tumor and anaplasmosis in a domestic dog

Tue, 04 Mar 2025 11:48:26 +0700

This paper reports a case of a transmissible venereal tumor and anaplasmosis in a domestic dog. A 2-year-old, 7.1 kg, black and white domestic female dog was presented to the clinic for examination after being rescued. Physical examination revealed Rhipicephalus sanguinis infestation and vaginal swelling with nodules approximately 5 mm in diameter. A complete blood count indicated leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and eosinophilia. Decreased hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and platelet values were observed. Blood biochemistry test results showed decreased total protein levels. Vaginal nodule cytology results were consistent with a transmissible venereal tumor. The dog was diagnosed with a transmissible venereal tumor and anaplasmosis. Treatment included doxycycline antibiotics, vincristine chemotherapy agents, fu fang herbal supplements, fluralaner anti-flea and tick medication, cazitel antihelmintics, Kalvidog supplements, and medicated shampoo for skin condition improvement.

Identification of Pseudomonas sp. in drinking water sources for poultry farming in East Lombok District

Tue, 18 Feb 2025 23:36:40 +0700

Biosecurity is the first line of defence to control the spread of disease both into and outside the farm. Pseudomonas sp bacterial contamination can occur due to faecal contamination around livestock drinking water sources. Based on this, research was carried out which aimed to isolate and identify the presence of Pseudomonas sp bacteria in drinking water sources for chicken farms in East Lombok Regency. Isolation and identification of Pseudomonas sp bacteria in 12 chicken farm drinking water samples was obtained and 1 isolate with sample number 10 was identified as positive for Pseudomonas sp, this was supported by data from isolation results, bacterial Gram staining tests and biochemical tests. It is hoped that these results can add to and provide information to the public or breeders about the presence of Pseudomonas sp in chicken farming drinking water so that the public can improve biosecurity and biosafety in the chicken farming environment in East Lombok Regency

Blood cholesterol and glucose levels of sheep after being given feed supplemented with Pluchea indica leaf flour

Wed, 19 Mar 2025 15:28:52 +0700

Sheep are a type of livestock commonly consumed by the population. Lamb meat is high in cholesterol, which leads to hypercholesterolemia in individuals who consume it. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of Pluchea indica administration on cholesterol and blood glucose levels in sheep. A total of 15 sheep were divided into 4 different treatment groups. The groups were categorized according to the concentration of P. indica flour in the concentrate, specifically 0%, 2%, 4%, and 8%. The animals underwent 35-day meal therapy. The findings indicated that the inclusion of 4% P. indica flour in the concentrate resulted in a significant reduction in blood cholesterol levels in sheep (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in glucose levels between the groups (p> 0.05). The study concluded that the addition of 4% P. indica flour to the concentrate is the most effective formulation for reducing blood cholesterol levels.

Antibiotics resistance patters of Pasteurella multocida isolation from cattle

Usamah Afiff , Safika, Titiek Sunartatie , Ang Jia Leng — Mon, 07 Apr 2025 13:49:17 +0700

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of multiple antibiotics, including oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, and erythromycin, against Pasteurella multocida isolates from cattle. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the disk diffusion method. The results revealed consistent sensitivity of P. multocida to enrofloxacin and gentamicin, whereas three of the five isolates remained susceptible to oxytetracycline. In contrast, all isolates exhibited resistance to erythromycin and ampicillin. Notably, Type A strains displayed higher resistance to oxytetracycline than Type B strains, potentially due to differential selective pressure. These findings underscore enrofloxacin and gentamicin as the most effective therapeutic options for hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle, given their robust antibacterial activity against P. multocida.