ARSHI Veterinary Letters

Profiling of anaplasmosis in dogs from small animal veterinary clinics in Cities of Nueva Ecija, Philippines

2024-12-27T09:54:16+07:00

This retrospective study analyzed canine anaplasmosis data from 2020 to 2022 collected from eight small animal veterinary clinics across Cabanatuan, Gapan, Muñoz, and San Jose City in Nueva Ecija. The study focused on the distribution of cases based on the dogs' age, sex, breed, the timing of reported cases, and the owners' residence, utilizing Microsoft Excel for data organization. The findings indicate that dogs aged 7-12 months experienced the highest incidence of anaplasmosis at 54.40%. Male dogs showed slightly higher infection rates (49.77%) compared to females (49.39%). Toy breeds were most affected, with a 61.13% infection rate. The most common clinical sign was inappetence, reported in 61.01% of cases. Anaplasmosis cases peaked during the rainy season from June to November, with Cabanatuan recording the highest number of cases (189). The study confirmed significant statistical correlations between anaplasmosis and the animals' age, sex, and breed.

Molecular detection of Babesia spp. using PCR on dogs from Bogor and Jakarta, Indonesia

2024-12-27T09:54:20+07:00

Canine babesiosis is caused by Babesia spp. infection; however, detection methods are limited in Indonesia. This study aimed to detect Babesia spp. in dogs from Bogor and Jakarta by PCR. Blood samples (n=56) were collected and examined using blood smears with 10% Giemsa staining and PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene. Haematological profiles were also analysed. The results showed that 12.5% of mixed-breed dogs from Bogor were positive for Babesia spp. by both methods. Infected dogs exhibited reduced red blood cell counts and increased white blood cell counts, indicating anaemia and an immune response. This study highlights the importance of molecular methods for accurate diagnosis and supports the need for preventive and control programs.

Chronic oral fistula and bladder stones management in a sulcata tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata)

2024-12-27T09:54:26+07:00

This case study aimed to illustrate the clinical management and therapeutic strategies required for a 4-year-old male Sulcata tortoise named Swift, who presented with significant health issues, including an oral fistula and bladder stones, often indicative of broader husbandry problems. Swift weighed 13 kg and exhibited symptoms such as extensive white lesions across his mouth, an uneven mouth surface, and a foul odour, along with severe lethargy, refusal to eat or drink, and a drooping head. Physical examination revealed dehydration characterised by sunken eyes and reduced skin turgor. Radiographic findings indicated a mass with increased opacity in the mid-body cavity, suggesting the presence of a bladder stone. The treatment involved anaesthesia with ketamine and midazolam, followed by isoflurane gas for maintenance. Surgical interventions included cleaning the oral cavity, inserting a feeding tube, and removing the bladder stone via a transplastron-celiotomy approach. Postoperative care consisted of intracoelomic administration of antibiotics, vitamins, analgesics, and fluid therapy

Diagnosis and treatment of deep pyoderma in a Maine Coon cat

2024-12-27T09:54:33+07:00

Pyoderma is a condition caused by a bacterial infection that affects the skin and has the potential to cause systemic infection. A Maine Coon cat was reported to have an open wound on its tail that was wet and oozing fluid, with the cat frequently biting and scratching the affected area. Based on the anamnesis, physical examination, and clinical symptoms, the Maine Coon cat was diagnosed with deep pyoderma. The treatment administered included antibiotics, vitamins, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antifungals. The cat underwent therapy for 30 days, showing signs of healing as the wound began to dry, although it had not yet fully closed. Supportive therapy with vitamins was continued to promote significant recovery. It was concluded that the treatment of deep pyoderma in the Maine Coon cat resulted in wound drying by day 30.

Diagnosis and cellophane banding surgery for extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunt in a domestic short hair cat

2024-12-27T09:54:10+07:00

Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) in cats are significant vascular anomalies in which abnormal connections between the portal venous system and systemic circulation allow portal blood to bypass the liver, leading to clinical manifestations such as hepatic encephalopathy and growth retardation due to inadequate toxin filtration. This case study describes a four-month-old male domestic short-hair cat that presented with loss of appetite, weight loss, aggression, excessive drooling, and frequent vomiting. Diagnostic evaluations included physical examination, radiography showing a microhepatic condition with cranial displacement of the stomach, and ultrasonography with colour Doppler, revealing a shunt between the portal vein and the caudal vena cava. Following surgical correction using the cellophane banding method, the cat showed significant clinical improvement and normalisation of ammonia levels, emphasising the importance of precise diagnostic techniques and adequate surgical management in the treatment of CPSS in felines.

Infection with Kapsulotaenia sandgroundi (Carter, 1943) in Komodo Dragons (Varanus komodoensis Ouwens, 1912) on Rinca Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2025-01-06T22:02:09+07:00

This article describes the infection with Kapsulotaenia sangroundi (Carter, 1943) in the komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis Ouwens 1912) at Loh Buaya on Rinca Island, Komodo National Park. A newly dropped dragon faeces sample was collected and preserved in the SAF solution. Native parasitic examination was performed under a microscope (40x objective magnification). Environmental observations were performed to obtain additional information on the life cycle and transmission of the parasite. Observation of faecal samples revealed the presence of cestode eggs in the egg packaging (capsules). One of the five samples showed a positive result (20%). The life cycle of Kapsulotaenia is intricate and highlights the importance of understanding the parasitic relationships in ecosystems. Understanding this infection is crucial for the conservation and management of Komodo dragons, as it highlights the need for monitoring health issues in their natural habitat.

Integrative management of feline pneumonia: a case study on laser puncture and pharmacotherapy

2025-01-06T22:02:11+07:00

A female cat named Meisy came to the Cimanggu Animal Clinic with complaints of shortness of breath, cough, flu, and refusal to eat. The results of the physical examination of the cat showed shortness of breath, cough, and purulent discharge from the nose. Palpation examination of the cat did not feel comfortable when pressure was applied to the BL-13 acupuncture point which is the back of the lung organ. On auscultation, the lung sounds were dirty. The results of supporting X-ray examinations in the latero lateral and dorso ventral positions found abnormalities in all lung fields, in the form of an Interstitial Diffuse Bronchial Pattern (Cutton Like Density) pattern indicating Pneumonia. The cat Meisy was diagnosed with Pneumonia. The therapy in this case was Laser Puncture with an energy of 0.5 Joules and a power of 20 mW at points BL-13, LU-9 and, ST-36 carried out twice a week in combination with the use of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, infusions, and nebulizers. . The development of therapy occurred after the 3rd acupuncture, and was declared cured after the 8th acupuncture and acupuncture therapy was stopped.

Optimizing preoperative care with oxygenation for traumatic diaphragmatic hernia repair in a domestic short hair cat

2024-12-27T09:54:29+07:00

Diaphragmatic hernia is a life-threatening condition in cats that requires prompt diagnosis and a systematic approach for management. This case report highlights the critical role of presurgical oxygenation in enhancing the safety and success of surgical management of diaphragmatic hernias in cats. A female domestic short-haired cat, Mini, was referred to the PDHB Drh Anton SAP clinic for lethargy and inability to defaecate. Radiographic examination revealed a disrupted diaphragmatic outline with increased cranial opacity, indicating displacement of gastrointestinal organs into the thoracic cavity, including the stomach, small intestine, and colon. The cat was diagnosed with diaphragmatic hernia. Prior to the surgical intervention, presurgical oxygenation was administered to stabilise the patient and reduce the risk of hypoxia. Surgery involved the repositioning of the abdominal organs and repair of the ruptured diaphragm. Postoperative care included intensive monitoring and administration of antibiotics and analgesics. After one week of recovery, the cat showed significant improvement, with healed surgical wounds and stable clinical conditions, and was discharged in good health.

Hematologic profile in a Persian cat with osteosarcoma

2025-01-06T22:02:05+07:00

A three-year-old Persian cat presented to the West Java Provincial Veterinary Hospital with swelling in the left front leg and was diagnosed with osteosarcoma. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of osteosarcoma on the haematological profiles of cats. Humerus amputation is the standard treatment. A detailed haematological assessment was performed, including red blood cell count, white blood cells count, lymphocytes, monocytes, immature cells, mid-sized cells, granulocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and platelets. The findings revealed leukocytosis, granulocytosis, hypochromic macrocytic anaemia, and thrombocytopenia, indicating that osteosarcoma may disrupt the normal blood component production.

Diagnostic approach and therapeutic intervention for pyometra in multiparous dairy cattle: a case study

2025-01-06T22:02:28+07:00

Pyometra is a prevalent and clinically important reproductive disorder in multiparous cattle, and is characterised by the accumulation of purulent exudate within the uterine lumen. This article examines the diagnosis and management of pyometra in a six-year-old Friesian Holstein cow from a traditional dairy farm in Lembang. The cow, with a history of abortion at 35 days of gestation during the last calving, presented with continuous white mucous vaginal discharge. Clinical assessment via rectal palpation revealed an enlarged uterus, which was initially suggestive of pregnancy. Diagnostic evaluations included haematology and transrectal ultrasonography. Haematological results showed elevated white blood cell counts, indicating a bacterial infection. Ultrasonography confirmed pus within the uterus and thickened uterine wall. Treatment consisted of uterine flushing and hormonal injections to induce contractions, facilitate the expulsion of accumulated fluids, and restore regular estrous cycles. A significant reduction in the size of the cornu uteri was observed one-week post-treatment, demonstrating the effectiveness of the intervention.

Diet-related feline lower urinary tract disease in a mixed-breed angora cat: a case report

2024-12-27T09:54:23+07:00

Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) encompasses bladder and urethral disorders in cats and is influenced by factors such as diet, care, litter hygiene, and activity levels. An eight-year-old mixed-Angora queen weighing 4.1 kg presented with haematuria at the Udayana University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Despite being active and displaying typical vital signs, the cat experienced abdominal discomfort on palpation. Diagnostic evaluations including macroscopic and microscopic urine analyses revealed haematuria, proteinuria, and struvite crystals. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations identified radiopaque material and uroliths in the bladder, with concurrent bladder wall thickening, although the blood parameters were normal. The cat was diagnosed with FLUTD due to urolithiasis and cystitis, and underwent dietary management, increased water intake, and daily CYSTAID Plus® supplementation. In this case, the prognosis remained positive (fausta). After 14 days, a significant improvement was noted in the absence of haematuria, and the urine appeared bright yellow without turbidity.

Dynamics of intraerythrocytic parasite infections in the Java common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)

2025-01-06T22:02:33+07:00

Over seven weeks, this study investigated intraerythrocytic parasitic infections in the Java common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). Blood samples were collected immediately after the civet had been brought from its natural habitat. Following the 30-day adaptation period, additional samples were collected weekly. Our findings revealed infections with Babesia sp., Theileria sp., and Anaplasma sp., with infection rates being the highest for Anaplasma sp. (0.35 ± 0.05)%, followed by Theileria sp. (0.12 ± 0.05)%, and Babesia sp. (0.03 ± 0.02)%. Throughout the study period, the infection rates of Babesia sp. and Anaplasma sp. decreased, whereas Theileria sp. showed an increasing trend until the conclusion of the study.

Identification and antibiotic resistance testing of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria in birds of paradise (Paradisaeidae sp.)

2024-12-27T09:54:14+07:00

Antibiotic resistance represents a critical global health challenge, and is characterised by the loss of effectiveness of antibiotics against bacterial growth. This phenomenon complicates treatment options for infections, underscoring the need to understand bacterial resistance mechanisms, particularly in protected species such as birds of paradise. This study aimed to identify the bacterial species present in faecal samples from three different species of birds of paradise and evaluate the efficacy of various antibiotics against these bacteria. Samples were collected from Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII) in East Jakarta. Using MacConkey Agar for bacterial isolation and subsequent identification through Gram staining and biochemical tests, this study identified Serratia sp., Klebsiella sp., and Citrobacter sp. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against seven antibiotics: erythromycin, gentamicin, oxytetracycline, cefotaxime, sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and nalidixic acid. These findings revealed that sulfamethoxazole was notably more effective than the other antibiotics tested, highlighting its potential for treating infections in birds of paradise.

From skin folds to flight: elastic and collagen fibers architecture in the wing of the large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus)

2025-01-06T22:02:17+07:00

Flight in bats is the primary mode of locomotion as they are the only flying mammals. The morphological characteristics of the wing membrane have been suggested to play an important role in its flight ability. The present study analysed the functional morphology of the wing membrane of the large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus), focusing on the organisation of elastic and collagen fibres. In this study, we used two wild-caught adult flying foxes from West Java, Indonesia. The wing membrane tissue sections were stained using haematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining. The bat wing membrane comprises double-layered skin covered by a thin epidermal layer. The wing membrane is comprised of collagen fibres and well-organised elastin bundles inserted between the two skin layers. Collagen fibres strengthen the wing membrane by holding air pressure, whereas elastic fibres provide flexibility to the wings. This can describe the strength and flexibility of the wing membranes of large flying foxes during flight

Comparison of buried continuous intradermal and simple interrupted suture patterns for skin closure in feline ovariohysterectomy

2025-01-06T22:02:14+07:00

Ovariohysterectomy is widely performed in small animals and is often complicated by wound dehiscence. This study evaluated two suture techniques, buried continuous intradermal (BCID) and simple interrupted (SI), in 42 female cats using nonabsorbable nylon sutures. Weight, incision length, suture length, and closure time were also analysed. Postoperative assessments at 18-24 h and 5-7 d included monitoring for swelling, erythema, exudate, and dehiscence. The results indicated a significantly higher incidence of complications, notably dehiscence, in the SI group. Consequently, BCID is recommended because of its lower complication rate and reduced risk of infection from self-trauma