Acta VETERINARIA Indonesiana

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria from Swiftlet Houses in Sumedang, West Java

Fri, 16 May 2025 14:02:36 +0700

Edible bird‘s nest is an important export commodity that is currently of concern to the Indonesian government. One of the requirements for exporting edible bird’s nest to the People's Republic of China is that this product must meet the requirements for nitrite content in the product below 30 ppm. This nitrite contamination can be obtained from the results of nitrogen metabolism from nitrifying bacteria. However, information on nitrite-reducing bacteria in swiftlet houses has never been reported and is urgent in controlling nitrifying bacteria in swiftlet houses. The presence of nitrite-reducing bacteria needs to be identified to prove the presence of these bacteria in swiftlet houses that have the potential to contribute to nitrite contamination in edible bird’s nest. This study aims to isolate nitrate-reducing bacteria in an effort to control nitrite using bacteriophages in the future. This study targeted nitrate-reducing bacteria collected from environmental samples (waste, feces, pond water, artificial pond water, soil, swiftlet eggshells, white edible bird’s nest (Aerodramus fuciphagus), black bird’s nest (Aerodramus maximus)) (n=40) from two different swiftlet houses in Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. All isolates collected were subjected to a series of microbiological tests, phenotypic characterization (Gram staining, morphology, sugar fermentation ability, enzymes, etc.) and genotyping by PCR amplification and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Raw sequencing data were analyzed using DNASTAR® software for DNA sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction. In the present work, four bacteria species were identified, including Priestia megaterium, Pseudomonas putida, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Proteus terrae. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of nitrate-reducing bacteria isolated from birdhouses.

Domestic Pigs as an Animal Model of Myocardial Infarction: a Comparison of Systolic and Diastolic Blood Flow Velocities of Cardiac Valves

Arni Diana Fitri, Mawar Subangkit, Anita Esfandiari, Gunanti, Deni Noviana — Fri, 16 May 2025 15:03:03 +0700

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death according to WHO in 2021. CVD generally results in myocardial infarction (MI), which occurred after tissue ischemia. Echocardiography is most likely a diagnostic tool without invasive effects. This study aimed to compare the blood flow in pig research animals treated with ligases of the circumflex arteries. Measurements were made in the mitral valve (MV), tricuspid valve (TV), semilunar pulmonary valve (SLP), and semilunar aortic valve (AO) of velocity during systole (Vs), velocity during diastole (Vd), time average peak velocity (TAMAX), and blood flow pressure at three-time points: before ligase treatment, after acute infarction (60 min), and 8 weeks after ligase treatment. All parameters in MV group increased at 60 min and decreased at 8th weeks. On TV, TAMAX and pTAMAX decreased at 60 min and week 8. In SLP, VS, pVS, and Vd decreased at 60 min and increased at 8th week. The pVd and pTAMAX parameters decreased at 60 min and 8th week, while TAMAX increased at 60 min and decreased at 8th week. In AO, the TAMAX and pTAMAX parameters increased at 60 min and 8 weeks; the other parameters were similar to MV and TV patterns.

The Effect of Endo-1,4-β-xylanase as a Feed Additive on the Growth and Overall Health of Broiler Chickens

Amaq Fadholly, Sharon Aurellia — Wed, 21 May 2025 08:03:56 +0700

Enzyme has been used widely as a feed additive to complement poultry needs of nutrition. Endo-1,4 beta-xylanase as its main component, which is effective in digesting non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), hence improving the digestive system. This research aims to observe the efficacy of Endo-1,4-β-xylanase as a growth promotor and its safety. A total of 96 chickens were used in this research, divided into four groups. Administration depending on each group was conducted for 28 days, consecutively. Growth parameters that were observed includes body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, meanwhile for safety assessment, the parameters used were mortality rate, and blood profile. Based on the results, the enzyme was proven to enhance growth performance through the increased body weight gain and final weight. This is due to the enzyme’s mechanism which improves nutrient utilization. Based on the safety assessment, Endo-1,4-β-xylanase was also proven to be safe, not causing any inflammation responses in the body nor organ damage based on the blood assessment.

Enhancement of Ovarian Development in Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus) Through Supplementation of Katuk Extract (Sauropus Androgenus), Turmeric Powder (Curcuma Longa), and Vitamin C

Awaludin, Wasmen Manalu, Andriyanto, Agus Oman Sudrajat, Joni Haryadi — Fri, 16 May 2025 15:43:20 +0700

The growth and development of ovary in teleost fish will determine the quality of larvae. This research was designed to accelerate gonad growth of catfish fed ration supplemented with katuk extract (0.6 g/kg), turmeric powder (4.8 g/kg), and vitamin C (599 mg/kg). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments: CON (Control), SA (Katuk extract), TU (Turmeric powder), VC (vitamin C), SATU (Katuk extract and Turmeric powder), SAVC (Katuk extract and vitamin C), TUVC (Turmeric powder and vitamin C), and COM (Katuk extract, Turmeric powder, and vitamin C). The treatmenst were given for 2 months. Parameters measured were body weight, gonad weight, gonado-somatic index, ovary histology, and oocyte diameter. The results showed that supplementations of katuk extract, turmeric powder, and vitamin C produce higher GSI and gonad weights. Oocytes in catfish supplemented with katuk extract, turmeric powder, and vitramin C reached endogenous vitellogenesis phase while in control catfish a number of oocytes were in previtellogenesis phase. Oocytes diameters of endogenous vitellogenesis phase in COMB catfish (603.60±99.09 µm) were higher than those in control catfish (412.60±39.76 µm). Supplementation of catfish with katuk extract, turmeric powder, and vitamin C can accelerate oocytes growth and development and improved quality.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Lumpy Skin Disease in Pakem District, Yogyakarta

Fri, 16 May 2025 15:56:58 +0700

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is an infectious dermatological condition affecting ruminant animals, particularly cattle, and is caused by the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV). This virus possesses DNA genetic material derived from the Capripoxvirus genus within the Poxviridae family. The World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) states that LSD has a mortality of 1-5% and a morbidity of 10-20% and can spread quickly if not handled properly. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LSD and to identify associated risk factors in Pakem District, Yogyakarta. This research used a cross-sectional study. Samples were taken using a double-stage sampling technique with a total sample of 262 cattle. The study employed primary data collected through interviews with farmers. Data was analyzed descriptively and analytically. Data in the form of frequencies and percentages were analyzed using univariate methods. The relationship between risk factors and the incidence of LSD was analyzed using bivariate Chi-Square methods. The results showed that the prevalence of LSD in the Pakem District was 7.6%. The presence of ticks was identified as a risk factor for LSD disease, with a probability value of p<0.05. The association’s strength was indicated by an odds ratio (OR) of 2.64, suggesting that ticks may elevate the risk of contracting LSD by a factor of 2.64. The prevalence of LSD in Pakem District was 7.6%, and the presence of ticks 2.64 times increases the risk of LSD incidents. Control measures can be improved by carrying out livestock management in handling vectors.

Effectivity and Safety of Endo-1,4 -xylanase (Xylanase), Endo-1,3(4) beta-glucanase (Beta-glucanase), Endo-1,4 beta-glucanase (Cellulase), and α Amylase as A Growth Promoter in Broiler Chickens

Sharon Aurellia, Amaq Fadholly — Wed, 21 May 2025 05:39:45 +0700

This study evaluates the effectivity and safety of Endo-1,4 -xylanase (Xylanase), Endo-1,3(4) beta-glucanase (Beta-glucanase), Endo-1,4 beta-glucanase (Cellulase), and α Amylase that packed in Ronozyme-AX ct (MGHSPHYT+) as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter. A total of 64 chickens were used, divided into four groups, with each group divided into two replicates, 8 chickens per replicate. The groups were divided into treatment group, and groups administered with the different dosage of supplementation, namely 184, 230, and 276 gram/ton feed for 28 days, consecutively. Parameters such as weekly weight gain, final weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and carcass weight were observed to determine growth performance. Meanwhile, parameters such as mortality, blood hematology and biochemistry were observed to determine the safety of the supplementation. Based on the results, there was a significant difference on weekly weight gain, particularly in the second week, and in the final weight, with the group administered with 184 gram/ton feed showing the highest result. Meanwhile, other parameters such as FCR and carcass weight did not show any significant difference. This may be due to the enzymes not working directly to increase feed utilization but work with improving nutrient digestibility and utilization in the body. The safety parameters showed that the supplementation was relatively safe as no significant difference was observed in mortality, blood constituents and biochemistry.

Physiological and Productivity of Quail During The Egg-Laying Period with Supplementation of Senduduk (Melastoma Malabathricum L) Powder in Feed

Fredi Kurniawan, Niken Ulupi, Hera Maheshwari — Fri, 16 May 2025 16:06:49 +0700

Quail is a type of poultry that is easy to raise and is the second largest egg producer after laying hens. The benefits of quail include a relatively high production cycle, minimal land requirements, and low feed consumption. Quail are more susceptible to stress compared to other poultry, particularly stress induced by elevated ambient temperatures. This stress can be overcome by administering antioxidants. Melastoma malabathricum L (commonly known as senduduk) leaf is a natural antioxidant that can alleviate stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different doses of senduduk leaf powder on the physiological and performance of laying quails. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications. The doses of senduduk leaf powder administered were P0 (0%), P1 (1.5%), P2 (3%), and P3 (4.5%). A total of 160 female quails, aged 40 weeks, were maintained for four weeks. The variables observed comprised hematological values, stress indicators, and quail performance during the laying period. The study’s results on hematological values, stress indicators, and quail performance during the laying period showed an increase at a dose of 3% (P2). The optimal concentration was identified as the 3% dose of senduduk leaf powder in treatment P2.

Influence of Melatonin as an Antioxidant on the Preservation of Liquid Ram Semen in Tris-Fructose Egg Yolk Diluent

Fri, 16 May 2025 16:15:12 +0700

Excessive free radicals can induce oxidative stress, leading to the inhibition of phosphorylation processes that supply energy for sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction in spermatozoa during fertilization. This study investigated the impact of incorporating the antioxidant melatonin into the tris-fructose egg yolk diluent on the quality of ram liquid semen preserved at 4°C. Fresh semen with ≥70% motility was diluted in the tris-fructose egg yolk group (control), tris-fructose egg yolk with 0.5 mM melatonin (TFEY + M0.5), tris-fructose egg yolk with 1 mM melatonin (TFEY + M1), tris-fructose egg yolk with 2 mM melatonin (TFEY + M2). Semen was stored in the refrigerator at 4°C for 5 days (D0−D5). The motility, viability, abnormality, and plasma membrane integrity of the semen were evaluated every 24 hours. The results indicated no significant difference (P>0.05) between the control group and the liquid semen treatment at D0. Liquid semen quality was significantly improved with melatonin treatment compared to the control group. The results of this study indicate that TKTF + M0.5 had the highest motility and viability values and can maintain abnormality values. The TKTF + M2 group had a higher plasma membrane integrity value than the other treatment groups.

Identification of Herpesviridae in Macaca Fascicularis Using the Nested PCR Method at PSSP IPB

Abdul Malik, Erni Sulistiawati, Yuliana, Uus Saepuloh — Fri, 16 May 2025 16:43:08 +0700

PCR technique is used to detect the presence of Herpesviridae viruses in Macaca fascicularis that exhibit no clinical symptoms and identify them using nucleotide base sequences. This study aimed to detect and identify the presence of nucleotide base sequences in the Herpesviridae virus family in Macaca fascicularis at PSSP IPB. The study utilized 20 nasal swab samples from Macaca fascicularis. Extraction of DNA utilizing the QiaAmp™ DNA mini kit and subsequent measurement of DNA concentration. Amplification of target DNA utilizing the nested PCR technique. Sample with positive results from electrophoresis were sequenced to obtain nucleotide sequences. The average measurement value of DNA extraction concentration was 25.07 ng/µl. The DNA purity ratios at wavelengths A260/A280 and A260/A230 averaged 1.95 and 0.27, respectively. The electrophoresis results indicated a band size of 215 bp in sample code 01, corresponding to the positive control band. The sequencing results were analyzed using BLASTn on the NCBI site, revealing similarity with Macaca fascicularis lymphocryptovirus. The BLAST sample results demonstrated a Query Cover value of 100% and a percentage of identity of 98.84%.

Method Modification of Developing Ischemic Stroke Animal Models Using Intravenous Catheters in Rats

Fri, 16 May 2025 16:54:52 +0700

In various parts of the world, including Indonesia, the incidence of ischemic stroke remains high, and its impact poses a significant burden. This condition is influenced by numerous limitations in ischemic stroke therapy. Research on ischemic stroke is therefore crucial to develop, making the creation of appropriate animal models a vital necessity. One of the most commonly used methods by researchers to create animal models is the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) method. However, in Indonesia, its application remains limited due to the lack of available facilities. Method modifications can be implemented to enable the development of animal models in Indonesia. This study employed modifications to the MCAO method on eight Sprague Dawley rats. The modification involved using an intravenous catheter to facilitate the insertion of the filament as an occluder in the middle cerebral artery of the rats. Based on clinical and pathological observations, it can be concluded that the modified MCAO method used in this study is suitable for creating ischemic stroke animal models. With this modification, the creation of ischemic stroke animal models can be carried out in a simpler and more cost-effective manner.

Diversity of Mites in Captured Rats and the Role of Rickettsiosis in Semarang City and Demak Regency

Fri, 30 May 2025 09:43:56 +0700

Ricketssiosis is transmitted by rats either by direct contact or ectoparasite bites. Ectoparasites are parasitic vectors of rickettsia disease transmission that live on the surface of the body or on the outside of the host. Ectoparasites that are often found in mice are mites. This study aims to determine the ecological index of mite ectoparasites in rats caught in Semarang City and Demak Regency in June - August 2023. This research is descriptive observational with the method used rodent survey with accidental sampling technique. The number of rats caught was 218 with the species Rattus Norvegicus, Rattus Norvegicus javanus, Rattus Tanezumi, Rattus Argentiventer, Suncus Murinus, Mus Musculus. The results of mite species found were Laelaps nutalli, Laelaps turkestanicus, Eulaelaps stabularis, Echinolaelaps echidninus, Dermanyssus gallinae, Ornithonyssus bacoti with a total of 2,116 individuals. The average diversity index values were 1.00 (Semarang) and 0.78 (Demak), categorized as medium and high. The number of rats caught and the abundance of mites affect the health of the environment, especially humans. The abundance of Laelaps nutalli mites needs to be watched out for as one that has the potential to transmit murine typhus.

Potential of Basil Leaf Microherbal as Anthelmintic against Haemonchus contortus

ridi arif, Tasya Anum, Nurfara Islami — Fri, 30 May 2025 09:46:43 +0700

Haemonchus contortus is a prevalent and pathogenic parasite in ruminants that is resistant to common anthelmintic treatment. This study evaluated the anthelmintic effectiveness of Ocimum africanum leaf on a micron scale against H. contortus eggs, infective stage larvae (L3s), and adult worms. The effectiveness of three microherbal concentrations (10%, 5%, and 1%) was evaluated using an egg hatch assay and larval and adult worm motility inhibition assays. The negative control group used 10% PBS, while the positive control used 10 mg/mL of Albendazole. The findings of this study demonstrated that the highest concentration of microherbal treatment produced effects comparable to those of Albendazole (p>0.05) on eggs, L3, and adult worms. Adult worms become immobilized within one to four hours of exposure to 10% microherbal. This study revealed that basil leaves in the form of microherbals were effective as an anthelmintic against various stages of H. contortus.