Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia

Condition Factor and Gonadosomatic Index Study of Nilem (Osteochilus hasselti) Catch in Teluk Lake, Jambi

Yoppie Wulanda — 2025-03-04

The nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti) is one of the most easily caught fish in Teluk Lake. Currently, cage farming activity in the lake slightly exceeds the water carrying capacity, which is suspected to affect the life of fish in the lake, including nilem. This study aimed to determine the condition factor and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of the nilem catch in the lake. This study was conducted from August to September 2023 in Teluk Lake. This research used a survey method with simple census sampling techniques. The analysis of the length-weight relationship of nilem fish obtained from Teluk Lake showed a positive allometric relationship with a value of b = 3.7148. It showed that the increase in body weight of nilem fish was not linear with the increase in length. The catch results by fishermen for nilem fish found a male-to-female sex ratio of 1:2.15, with 90% of the captured fish in a mature gonad condition. The GSI for females ranged from 3.20% to 8.33% and for males, from 0.03% to 28.89%. The first maturation size (Lm) for male fish was 125.847, with a size class range of 116–126 mm. For female fish, the first maturation size calculation resulted in 112.996 with a size range in the 104–113 mm class. Lm is smaller than the average size of the captured fish, indicating that it is safe to catch, and there is a low likelihood of recruitment overfishing.

Keywords: GSI, Lm, Osteochilus hasselti, positive allometric, Teluk Lake.Top of FormBottom of Form

Diversification Strategy for Sugar Palm Products in Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province

Taufik Hidayat — 2025-03-04

The sugar palm is one of the most important commodities in the Rejang Lebong Regency. Sugar palms have not been widely processed into value-added products because the community solely produces brown sugar. The goal of this study is to identify potential challenges and propose product diversification strategies that will boost the value added and sustainability of sugar palm firms in the Rejang Lebong Regency. This study was carried out in the Rejang Lebong Regency during August to October 2023. Data were gathered through observations, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. A fishbone diagram was used to identify potential and map product diversification challenges, while palm product diversification plans were developed using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) matrix. The research results indicated that the diversification of sugar palm products is hindered by limited human resources in using technological innovations, restricted use of agricultural machinery, insufficient business partnerships, and local government programs that are not yet integrated into the development of product diversification. The strategy for sugar palm product diversification can be implemented by developing market alliances and improving processing technologies for MSMEs, with government program assistance and access to funding. This technique is expected to improve the quality and pricing of sugar palm products at the farmer level.

Keywords: added value, aren palm, Arenga pinnata Merr, diversification strategy

Added Value Analysis and Affecting Factors in Coconut Sugar Processing

Shofia Nur Awami — 2025-03-04

The general goal of processing coconut sugar obtained from coconut sap is to maximize its added value. Purbalingga Regency is a major producer of coconut sugar in Central Java. Molded coconut sugar is the most commonly produced variety of coconut sugar. The purpose of this study is to determine the added value of the coconut brown sugar processing industry, as well as the elements that influence it. The Hayami method of added value analysis was applied, as well as multiple linear regression analysis. The research employed up to 36 coconut brown sugar craftspeople and took place between February and March 2021. The results showed that processing coconut sap adds Rp. 689.81 per kilogram, with an added value ratio of 34.86 percent. The value added category falls into the medium group. Production capacity, raw materials, output price, raw material costs, and other input prices all have a substantial impact on the added value of converting coconut sap to sugar.

Keywords: coconut sap, added value, coconut sugar, Hayami

Utilization of Medicinal Plants by the Tapos Village Community, Cijeruk District, Bogor Regency

Naily Fitrotun Ni’mah — 2025-03-04

The diversity of medicinal plant species in Tapos Village has the potential to be developed. However, studies on medicinal plants are still limited. This study aimed to inventory the types of ethnophytomedica, their efficacy, and their utilization by residents of Tapos Village, Cijeruk District, Bogor Regency. This research is expected to provide a reference for further research and efforts to increase public understanding of medicinal plants. Data were collected through several stages: literature study, observation, unstructured interviews, and documentation. The results of this study showed that as many as 39% of the 99 types of medicinal plants were dominated by herbal habitus. The most widely used parts are the leaves (60 %) and cultivated medicinal plants (59 %). Most types of plants are used to cure a group of gastrointestinal diseases, with as many as 23 types of plants. The people of this village maintain local wisdom in utilizing medicinal plants.

Keywords: Ethnophytopharmaca, medicinal plants, Tapos Village

Inventory of Superior Durian from the Highlands and Lowlands in Fakfak Regency

Inna Martha Rumainum — 2025-03-04

The purpose of this study is to catalog exceptional durians from both the highlands and the lowlands of Fakfak Regency in West Papua Province. The inventory included both highland and lowland durian accessions. In the highlands, there were 8 durian accessions, whereas in the plains there were seventeen. Fruit size, fruit skin thickness, fruit pulp color, fruit pulp thickness, aroma, sweetness level, fruit pulp fiber, seed size, and seed count were utilized as evaluation criteria. Each criterion tested showed variability. This demonstrates that genotypic variability exists among durian accessions from the Fakfak Regency. According to the characterization results, there were six lowland accessions that could be classified as superior in terms of fruit size, thickness of fruit pulp, level of sweetness, pulp fiber, and aroma: Pahger Nkendik, Katemba, Danaweria2, Brongkendik, Air Besar, Kanantare, and Sakartemin.

Keywords: durian, Fakfak, superior fruit

Antifungal Activity of Gliocladium viride against Fusarium oxysporum

Khamdan Khalimi — 2025-03-04

Fusarium oxysporum is a cosmopolitan fungal species that can cause wilt disease in various plants. This study aimed to determine the antifungal activity of Gliocladium viride against F. oxysporum and identify the antifungal compound produced by G. viride. An antagonistic test of G. viride against F. oxysporum was carried out in dual culture. The antifungal activity of G. viride extract on the growth of F. oxysporum was determined using the paper disc diffusion method. The results showed that G. viride inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum colonies, with inhibition percentages ranging from 92.93% to 93.92%. The extract has antifungal activity, with the diameter of the inhibition zone formed being categorized as strong inhibition, which ranges from 19.3 mm to 24.5 mm. G. viride extract contains eleven compounds that have antifungal activity, namely cyclopropanecarboxylic acid; 2-nonanone; 2,3-butanediol; 2-heptanone; acetoin; 2,3-dimethylpyrazine; carbamic acid, phenyl esters; pyridine, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro; 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl; caryophyllene; and 1,2, benzenedicarboxylic acid. The results of this study provide information that G. viride can be used as a biological agent to control wilt in banana, vanilla, tomato and chili plants.

Keywords: Gliocladium viride, antifungal activity, Fusarium oxysporum

House Yard as a Productive Landscape during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Metro Municipality, Lampung Province

Aisyah Nur Fadila — 2025-03-04

This house yard (pekarangan) research was conducted at three sites of the Way Seputih-Sekampung watershed, which are represented by the upstream (Mulyosari Village), middle (Margodadi Village), and downstream (Tejosari Village), Metro Municipality, Lampung Province from May to July 2022. The objective of this research is to analyze the yard as a productive landscape by analyzing: 1) plant composition, 2) the diversity of plant species, and 3) utilization of the yard. Surveys and questionnaires were used. The number of yards was determined by purposive sampling, totaling 30 yards belonging to members of the Women Farmers’ Group (KWT) at each location. The results showed that horizontal diversity includes ornamental, fruit, vegetable, medicinal, and starch-producing plants. Sixteen types of plants were frequently found in 46% of yards. It was found that the Shannon-Wiener species diversity decreased from upstream to downstream, that is, upstream (2.41), middle (2.33), and downstream (1.82). Although the diversity of plant species is moderate on average, communities use their yards according to their function. The community was aware of the benefits of the yard, particularly its contribution to environmental sustainability, as indicated by the assessment index for the upstream (87%), midstream (93%), and downstream (94%) sites. Thus, the yard is very useful for the community as a place for interaction during the Covid-19 pandemic. Such benefits are said to be better if landscape management is carried out in a planned and environmentally friendly manner.

Keywords: community, home garden utilization, landscape management, pandemic, species diversity

Pod Hardness, Porosity, and Seed Viability Levels of Several Peanut Varieties

Siti Muzaiyanah — 2025-03-04

The peanut pod shell is composed of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. It has pore channels that can give the seeds direct contact with the environment, resulting in the seeds quickly deteriorating due to temperature fluctuations. This research aims to determine the porosity of the pod shell of several peanut varieties, its relationship with the level of shell hardness, and its effect on seed deterioration that is indicated by seed viability. The research was designed using a randomized block factor design, with the first factor being the type of variety, consisting of Kidang, Hyphoma 3, Landak, Talam 1, Tasia 1, and Takar 1. The second factor was the length of storage, consisting of 1, 2, 3, and 4 months, in quadruplicates, and the hardness of the pods was measured using a digital grain hardness tester meter. Porosity (P) was determined using the volume method. Viability testing includes germination viability (GV), germination rate (GR), and germination rate index (GRI). Pod hardness had a low correlation (r = 0.43) with pod thickness and had no effect on shell porosity level; however, pod porosity level had a strong negative correlation (r = -0.75) with pod shell thickness. Pod shell porosity, GR, and GRI have an influence on seed germination following the regression equation GR = 145-1.85P - 0.41VG+29.93GRI with a coefficient of determination R² = 0.50, meaning that these variables only have a contribution of 50% and other factors influence the other 50%. The shell thickness affects the level of seed germination. The Tasia and Landak varieties with a shell thickness of >0.75 mm produced lower porosity levels and had the least deterioration seed than the other four varieties.

Keywords: germination viability, peanuts, pod hardness, porosity

Genetic Diversity and DNA Barcoding Construction of Tropical Soybean Advanced Lines Based on SSR Markers

Kunto Wibisono — 2025-03-04

Soybean cultivation in tropical regions, such as Indonesia, is often constrained by photoperiod sensitivity, resulting in low yield. Using long juvenile traits in short photoperiod tropical areas resulted in lines with late flowering time and high yield. Genetic diversity analysis of soybean lines using molecular markers is a critical step for breeding high-yielding soybean lines. This study aimed to analyze genetic diversity and construct DNA barcodes for 44 tropical soybean superior lines based on 17 SSR markers. Genetic materials used were the high-yielding F5 soybean lines developed for their adaptation to short day-length of low latitude tropical regions. SSR markers used were those that distributed well across the soybean genome and proven their usefulness for soybean genetic diversity analyses. Results showed that the SSR demonstrated distinctive polymorphism among the 44 lines. A total of 377 alleles were detected with an average of 22.8 alleles per SSR locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied from 0.77 to 0.96 with an average of 0.90. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 44 soybean genotypes were divided into 2 main clusters. Five markers, i.e., satt009, satt646, satt147, satt431, and satt191, with a polymorphism information content value of ≥0.94, were found to be informative and suitable for DNA barcode construction. Each of the 44 lines was assigned with specific barcodes. The barcodes constructed from this study should be useful for DNA fingerprinting as well as protection purposes of the specific superior soybean lines analyzed in this study.

Keywords: DNA fingerprint, molecular markers, photoperiod, plant breeding, soybean

Management of Pests and Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Products in Northen Sumatra

Ameilia Zuliyanti Siregar — 2025-03-04

The coconut plant (Cocos nucifera L.) plays an important role in the production of cooking oil. In 2021, the area of coconut plantations in North Sumatra was 442,072.76 hectares, while the area planted in Tanjung Balai was 3,470.50 ha, with a total yield of 3755 tons. This study look at the cultivation and management of pests and coconut plant products in Tanjung Balai, North Sumatra. There were three types of coconuts found in Sei Kepayang, Tanjung Balai: tall, java, and dwarf coconut. Of the 22 coconut trees seen, 18 (81.81%) were affected by pests and diseases, including B. longissima, Orytes rhinoceros, Fusarium sp. shoot wilt disease, Curvularia sp. leaf spot disease, Pestalotiopsis palmarum gray spot disease, and monkeys and squirrels on the plants. Coconuts have a significant impact on coconut productivity. The products included cooking oil, as well as charcoal, broomsticks, rice-cake wrapp, and weaved handicrafts.

Keywords: coconut, coconut pests, coconut products

Ethnoecologist and Land Management of Durian Plants under The Agroforestry System

Meity Melani Mokoginta — 2025-03-04

Ethnoecology is a science that studies the relationship between humans and the environment. This relationship is related to the use of natural resources around them to continue life using local wisdom, namely the agroforestry system. Ecologically, economically, and socially, the agroforestry system planting patterns can help reduce soil fertility degradation due to human activities that exceed the carrying capacity of the land. The aim of the research was to determine land management and manifestations of land management for durian plants that implement the agroforestry system. The research used qualitative methods with techniques namely collecting data, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Data collection used snowball sampling techniques with an unlimited number of respondents. The results explain that (1) land management, tillage, fertilization, crop rotation, and fallow periods on durian plantations have not been managed optimally, resulting in the production of durian plants not being optimal; (2) the manifestation of land management is divided into two, namely traditional and semi-traditional agroforestry systems and these two systems have differences in land management, namely organic and non-organic.

Keywords: agroforestry systems, durian, ethnoecology, land management

Gastropods as Bioindicators of Water Quality in Telindale Beach, Rote Tengah District, Rote Ndao Regency

Andriani Rafael — 2025-03-04

Telindale Beach is part of the Central Rote Sub-district in the Rote Ndao Regency. The beach is also a seaside region with many community activities, including tourism, recreation, and sales. These activities have a significant impact on the health of aquatic ecosystems. The presence of pollutants in water might cause a decline in its quality. Gastropods are among the species that are sensitive to changes in water quality. This study sought to provide information on gastropod diversity as a bioindicator of water quality at Telindale Beach. This study was both descriptive and quantitative, with the location determined through purposive sampling. The line-transect approach was applied at three locations, each with a different substrate. The data were evaluated using diversity, uniformity, and dominance index techniques. The research revealed that the gastropods identified at the beach belonged to 13 families, 15 genera, and 19 species, with 112 individuals across all stations. The diversity index ranged from 0.27 to 2.33 (moderately contaminated), the uniformity index was 0.84-0.91 (high), and the dominance index was 0.12-0.31 (moderate). According to the species diversity index data, the waters near Telindale Beach were the most polluted.

Keywords: bioindicator, gastropods, Telindale Beach

Mineral and Vitamin B Contents of Sapudi and Merino-cross Meat

Himmatul Khasanah — 2025-03-04

Lamb is important in providing balanced and healthy nutrition as a source of protein, fat, and essential micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamin B complex. The mineral and vitamin content of meat from local breeds needs to be evaluated as a portrait of the genetic quality data of sheep and as a reference for developing sheep that produce healthy and high-quality meat. This study aimed to analyze the mineral and vitamin B contents of Sapudi sheep and Merino cross sheep meat from the longissimus dorsi area to invent genetic quality data for the meat of these two sheep. Three Sapudi and three Merino cross sheep were kept under similar conditions for two months. Meat collection from the longissimus dorsi muscle was carried out to analyze vitamin B and mineral content. A t-test was then performed to determine meat quality. The results showed that the mineral content of Mn and Cu in Sapudi sheep meat was lower than that in Merino cross meat. The vitamin B2 content in Sapudi sheep (0.11 mg/100 g) is lower than that of Merino cross (0.20 mg/100 g). In comparison, the vitamin B3 content of Sapudi sheep meat was higher (0.51 mg/100 g) than Cross-merino (0.40 mg/100 g). This research concludes that breeding influences nutrient content, and Merino crossbreed sheep are superior to Sapudi sheep in terms of vitamin B and mineral content.

Keywords: genetic resource, Indonesian local lamb, meat quality, mineral, vitamin

Comparison of SARIMA and BES for Forecasting Red Chili Production

Titin Agustina — 2025-03-04

The goal of this study is to compare the performance of Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) and Bagging Exponential Smoothing (BES) models for forecasting red chili production. The secondary data used in this study came from BPS-Statistics Indonesia and the Ministry of Agriculture. The data include monthly national-level red chili production from January 2013 to December 2021. Data is analyzed using time series approaches such as SARIMA and BES. The performance of both systems was compared, and production forecasts were created using the best model. According to the research findings, for this dataset, the SARIMA (1,1,1)(0,1,1)¹² technique outperforms the BES method since it has lower MAPE and RMSE values, 7.06 and 95,473, respectively. The best model was then applied to anticipate red chili production from January to December 2022, resulting in a highly accurate MAPE of 5.39.

Keywords: Bagging Exponential Smoothing, red chili production, SARIMA

Determinants of Household Food Wasting Behavior: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior

Fajar Wahyu Nugroho — 2025-03-04

Every year, up to 1.3 trillion tons of global food produced for human use are lost or wasted. Consumer behavior is a major cause of food waste. In Indonesia, households generate approximately 38% of total food waste. The goal of this study is to evaluate at how attitudes toward behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention to reduce food waste affect food waste behavior in households. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to conduct the survey, which included 160 independent oil palm farmer homes. The collected data was then examined using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with the AMOS 24 program. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the TPB model in forecasting household food waste behavior. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and goal to reduce food waste are the factors that influence household food waste behaviors. The study's findings show that perceived behavioral control is the most important predictor of food waste behavior. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that attitudes and subjective norms can predict the intention to reduce household food waste. Meanwhile, the desire to eliminate food waste appears to be a strong predictor of one's attitude on the amount of food waste produced.

Keywords: food waste, household behavior, SEM-AMOS, theory of planned behavior

Feasibility of Vacuum Dryer Jet Air System in Powdered Honey Process

Anang Lastriyanto — 2025-03-04

Powdered honey represents a development from liquid honey to a powdered form. Product development is a critical component for businesses to be sustainable. Powdered honey processing is significant because it extends shelf life, facilitates transportation and storage, and makes it easier to utilize in a variety of food and beverage items. Furthermore, powdered honey can broaden market reach, provide value, and meet consumer desire for more practical and long-lasting products. Producers can use economic analysis to examine several components of their final product. By taking essential elements into account, business leaders can make better judgments about investments, machinery selection, and cost control to optimize earnings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economics of using vacuum drying equipment with a jet air system to produce powdered honey. The investigation was carried out at the Lastrindo Engineering Laboratory in Klojen, Malang, Indonesia. The results show that producing powdered honey with a vacuum drying machine and a jet air system has a positive NPV of IDR 640,134,063; a B/C Ratio of 1.22; and an IRR of 73.93%, making the investment plan for this machine economically viable. According to sensitivity analysis, increases in raw material prices and labor wages have a smaller impact than a loss in production, which has the greatest influence on the vacuum drying machine's profitability in powdered honey manufacturing.

Keywords: economic analysis, powdered honey, vacuum dryer

Antioxidant Activity and Phenolics of Kabau (Archidendron bubalinum) Pod Peel Extract from East Lampung on Blood Cell Male Mice Induced by Cadmium

Elisa Nurma Riana — 2025-03-04

Cadmium (Cd) increases oxidative stress, which increases the likelihood of health problems. To protect the body from oxidative stress, natural antioxidants obtained from plants are required. The kabau plant (Archidendron bubalinum) is thought to have antioxidant phytochemicals. The purpose of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity and total phenolic component content of kabau pod peels, as well as their effect on the quantity of erythrocytes and leukocytes in male mice exposed to cadmium. This study used a completely randomized design, with 24 mice divided into six groups: three control groups and three treatment groups. The findings of assessing the antioxidant activity of peel extract revealed that the IC₅₀ was 93.6 ppm, which is considered strong. The phenolic content of peel extract was 72.26 mg GAE/g. Giving pod peel extract to mice increased the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, however the impact was not significant (p = 0.028 and P = 0.239). Mice with 380 mg/kg BW produced better outcomes.

Keywords: antioxidant, Archidendron, blood cell, kabau, phenolics

Cell Dimension and Proportion of Acacia aulacocarpa Wood in Axial and Radial Directions from Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

Viola Elizabeth — 2025-03-04

The information related anatomical characteristics (cell dimension and proportion) of Acacia aulacocarpa is still limited also for its axial and radial variations. This research aimed to analyze variation of the anatomical characteristics in axial and radial direction. Three trees of 27-year-old A. aulacocarpa planted in Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta were used. This research covered a completely randomized design with two factors, the axial direction (base, middle, and top of the trunk) and the radial direction (near pith, between pith and bark, and near bark) in triplicate. A two-way analysis of variants was used. The measured parameters were fiber dimensions (length, diameter, lumen diameter, and wall thickness) and cell proportions (fiber, vessel, ray parenchyma, and axial parenchyma). The results showed that average value of fiber dimensions was as follow: fiber length 0.94 mm; fiber diameter 17.43 µm; lumen diameter 11.75 µm; and fiber wall thickness 2.84 µm. The average value of cell proportions was 52.48% of fibers cell proportion; 17.5% of wood vessel proportion; 15.69% of axial parenchyma proportion; and 16.68% of ray’s parenchyma proportion. The axial position factor does not affect the proportion and dimensions of the fiber. However, the radial position factor affects the proportion of fiber cells, the proportion of wood vessels, the proportion of axial parenchyma, fiber length, lumen diameter, and fiber wall thickness. Fiber length, fiber lumen diameter, cell wall thickness increased from near the pith to the middle and then remained relatively constant toward the bark. Based on these results, it is suspected that the middle and near the bark are mature wood.

Keywords: Acacia aulacocarpa, cell dimension, cell proportion, radial direction, axial direction

Characteristics of Wild Edible Mushroom Knowledge of Mushroom Foragers in Indonesia

Saipul Sihotang — 2025-03-04

Edible wild mushrooms (EWM) are food sources which have high nutritional value. Although they are not the main choice of daily foods in Indonesia, various local communities and mushroom foragers have been consuming EWM for decades, yet without proper documentation. This study aimed to preserve the knowledge of EWM consumption to increase the popularity and public awareness of EWM as alternative food in Indonesia. Data was collected via a structural survey to 50 mushroom hobbyists with range of 18-50 years old and representing several ethnic groups in Indonesia: Javanese, Malay, Sundanese, Banten, and Bugis. Most of the respondents have consumed EWM for more than 5 years, with a frequency of consuming more than once per month, and the knowledge of foraging was obtained from their families. The edible mushrooms were collected mostly after every January and usually consumed by themselves. The location for mushroom seeking and species of EWM mostly were the forests around residence area and Termitomyces spp. (local names: ‘jamur barat’, ‘jamur bulan’, ‘jamur rayap’, ‘jamur trucuk’, ‘jamur sempagi’, respectively). The taste of mushroom was the main reason for forage activity among the hobbyists. They generally consumed all parts of basidiomata and preferred the soft texture of fruiting body. The soup dish was the most preferred by foragers, in contrast to fried cooking type. Most of them distinguish EWM from poisonous mushrooms by observing certain structures basidiomata, however, cases of wild mushroom poisoning have occurred among foragers with low occurrence of frequency.

Keywords: Indonesia; edible wild mushrooms; characteristics; mushroom foragers

Competency and Performance of Seaweed Farmers in Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi

Nuraeni Nuraeni — 2025-03-04

Indonesia's marine area is around 70%, so seaweed is extensively cultivated in Indonesian waters. Although seaweed cultivation is thought to be simple, farmers confront numerous challenges. Poor farmer competence leads to low production quality, low product selling price, no negotiating position, inability to maintain production capacity, and lack of competitiveness. The purpose of this study was to assess seaweed farmers' production performance and competency. This study was undertaken in Bantaeng Regency, one of South Sulawesi Province's seaweed production centers. The Slovin algorithm was used to determine the number of respondents, which was 125 farmers. The method was Simple Random sampling. Descriptive analysis was used to describe seaweed farmers' performance and competence, whereas Kendall W Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between farmer attributes and seaweed farming competence. The results revealed an average dried seaweed yield of 3,390 kg per hectare. Seaweed farmers have a high level of technical competence in operating their farms, with a total score of 13,262, however managerial competence is poor, with a total score of 5,334. The association between farmer characteristics and agricultural competence demonstrates that age has a very strong relationship, as do education, farming experience, family dependents, and land area. To increase seaweed production and income, the government must develop an integrated extension program that improves farmers' technical and managerial skills.

Keywords: farmer performance, managerial competence, seaweed, seaweed production, technical competence

Effect of Water Spinach Spacing and Planting Time on Chili Growth in Chili-Water Spinach Intercropping

Rohmatin Agustina — 2025-03-04

Chili is one of the horticulture crops with the highest commercial value. Farmers can cultivate chili in intercropping systems with water spinach plants as a land-saving alternative. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal chili planting distance and water spinach planting timing for increasing chili plant growth in chili-water spinach intercropping cultivation. A factorial randomized group design was adopted in this study. The first consideration was the spacing between the chili plants, which measure 50´70 cm and 50´50 cm, respectively. The second aspect was to plant water spinach at the same time as chili, one week after planting (1 WAP) chili, and 2 WAP chili. The findings indicate that optimum spacing and planting time for water spinach can improve the growth of chili plants. When chili plants were spaced 50´70 cm apart, their height and number of leaves increased dramatically. When compared to other treatments, the planting time of water spinach 1-2 WAP chili resulted in significantly higher plant height and number of leaves. All growth variables examined were significantly influenced by the interaction of 50´70 cm and water spinach planting time 2 weeks after chili planting.

Keywords: chili, intercropping, planting distance, planting time, water spinach

Enhancing Survival Rate and Growth of Kopyor Coconut Plantlet Acclimatization Using Biostimulants

Muhammad Eko Riyo Bayu Prasetyo — 2025-03-04

In vitro embryo cultivation is the principal method for reproducing the kopyor coconut, an indigenous Indonesian species. Acclimatization is a critical step in this approach. The purpose of this study was to improve the survival and development rate of kopyor coconut seedlings grown in vitro during the acclimatization phase by using biological, organic, and mixed organic-biological biostimulants. This study employed a completely randomized block design that comprised the inclusion of biological, organic, and mixed biological-organic biostimulants, with no biostimulant as a control. The biological stimulant employed in this study was arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), while the organic biostimulant was seaweed extract. Each treatment had 50 plantlets in triplicate. The results demonstrated that the treatment of biological and organic biostimulants increased plantlet survival rates during acclimatization, beginning 2 months after application and remaining consistent for 4 months. The biological stimulant application produced the highest plantlet survival rate (>94%). Based on how quickly the plantlets transitioned to the next stage, it was discovered that after 2-months incubation, most of the plantlets had already transferred to the second phase of acclimatization (opened tunnel). After 4-months incubation, the biological stimulant treatment produced the most plantlets at the later stage. However, throughout the 4-month acclimation period, more plantlets were transported from the pre-nursery to the main nursery, particularly with the use of organic biostimulants (56-64%).

Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plantlet, survival rate, seaweed

Fermented Kasgot and SP 36 Fertilizer as Inputs for Purple Corn Cultivation in Ultisol Soil

Hardi Rahmat Raharjo — 2025-03-04

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of fermentation kasgot and SP-36 fertilizer on purple corn in Ultisol soil. The research was carried out in the Screenhouse Food and Horticulture Corps Seed Agency, Bojong Village, Kembaran District, Banyumas Regency, from February to July 2022. The experiment used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were fermentation kasgot fertilizer with 3 levells, namely kasgot without fermentation, kasgot fermented with EM4, and kasgot fermented with Trichoderma sp.; and the second treatments were dose of SP-36 fertilizer with 3 levells, namely 50 kg/ha, 75 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha. The result showed that fermentation kasgot with EM4 increased wet crop weigth to 9,03% and wet seeds weight by corncob to 27,56%, while fermented kasgot with Trichoderma sp. increased dry seeds weight by corncob to 29,13%. SP-36 fertilizer effect in corncob diameter and P uptake in plant. Dose of 50 kg/ha increased corncob diameter to 6,58% and P uptake in plant to 23,03%. There was significant interaction between fermented kasgot with EM4 and SP-36 fertilizer dose by 50 kg/ha that increased dry plant weight to 36,98%.

Keywords: kasgot, fermentation, purple corn, SP-36 fertilizer

Bioconversion of Microalga Chlorella sp. as an Alternative Energy for Biofuel in Fishery Waste Media

Endah Rochmatika — 2025-03-04

Carbon dioxide emissions from burning fuel oil have been increasing, resulting in increasingly severe climate change. The use of microalgae as raw materials for biofuel production is an environmentally friendly alternative. Microalgae Chlorella sp. can be sustainably converted into alternative biofuels. Fishery liquid waste, such as that resulting from fish farming and fish processing, can be used as a nutrient medium for microalgae. This study aimed to analyze biomass production from Chlorella sp. using fishery waste in an algae reactor. The working principle of fisheries wastewater processing is related to microalgae in the reactor. The surface of the media forms a biological layer that breaks down organic compounds in the air, thereby reducing the organic content. The compounds resulting from metabolic processes are in the form of solids and gases. The results show that the bioethanol produced from the thermostat Chlorella sp. with fishery waste media can produce 20,000 L/ha. Microalgae contain approximately 20-50% dry weight of carbohydrates, which can be converted into bioethanol. Chlorella sp. can reduce chemical oxygen demand and ammonia by up to 70% by converting carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The application of bioconversion to all companies in the fisheries sector will provide benefits and help the government reduce fossil fuel subsidies.

Keywords: bioconversion, biofuel, fisheries, microalgae, waste

Opportunities and Challenges in Developing Livestock Waste as Transportation Fuel

Mustovia Azahro — 2025-03-04

In 2023, Indonesia became a top 10 carbon emitter, which is contradictory to its net zero emissions agenda. One of the causes is the use of fossil energy, and it is necessary to transition energy sustainably, especially for the transportation sector, which is the largest contributor to emissions. New renewable energy sources from livestock manure waste can be used as fuels in the transportation sector. Many livestock produce waste that needs to be utilized. Livestock manure waste is widely used as biogas for household-scale applications but is rarely utilized as a biofuel in the transportation sector. This study aimed to analyze the potential and challenges of developing biofuels from livestock waste in Brebes Regency (Indonesia). Biofuel development must be conducted at the regional level to support the acceleration of greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. This research uses data sources in the form of literature studies and interviews, the Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to formulate sustainable energy transition policies. The results of this study describe the opportunities and challenges of developing livestock manure waste as transportation fuel. The Brebes Regency Government can encourage this through policies to accelerate the energy transition.

Keywords: biogas, energy transition, livestock waste, transportation fuel

Potential and Challenges of Biofuels from Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) to Support Sustainable Fuel Transition in the Transportation Sector

Nurin Alwaaritsy — 2025-03-04

Mobility is an integral part of daily life; however, the transportation sector significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, which trigger global warming. In the context of climate change, a global issue, the Paris Agreement and the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) policies of each country encourage the development of environmentally friendly, renewable energy. Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.), a tree found only in tropical forests, has the potential to be a source of biofuel from its non-timber products such as oil and resin. This study aims to analyze the challenges of developing biofuel from keruing for the transportation sector in Indonesia, using a mixed method enhanced by machine learning for data analysis. The results show that keruing oil has potential as a biofuel, but the main challenges lie in infrastructure, knowledge limitations, and processing techniques. Many keruing trees with oily wood are not industrially processed for their oil due to a lack of knowledge and a focus on wood utilization. The conclusion is that the potential for developing environmentally friendly renewable energy in Indonesia is significant, but improving the quality of human resources and capital is necessary to advance the science and technology.

Keywords: biofuel, Dipterocarpus spp., energy transition, SDGs, transportation