Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia

Estimasi Populasi dan Habitat Rusa Timor (Rusa timorensis Blainville1882) dalam Kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Menipo

Elisa Iswandono — 2024-07-02

Knowing the population and habitat conditions of Timor Deer (Rusa timorensis), which is a protected animal, is very important to ensure the survival of this species. One of the most important habitats for Timor Deer is Menipo Nature Park, which must be well managed to support the welfare and sustainability of the species. Good management includes protection of natural habitats, regular population monitoring, and sustainable conservation efforts so that Timor Deer can survive in their natural environment. The purpose of this study was to estimate the population and habitat conditions of Timor deer in Menipo. The method used is a combination of point and path, while the habitat is described descriptively. From the results of research on the 571 ha habitat area, the population of timor deer was estimated to be 399 individuals with a population range of 366 to 432 individuals at the 95% confidence interval with a population density of 1.14 individuals per hectare. The population structure showed an inverted pyramid, indicating less than optimal conditions in terms of population age distribution. The sex ratio was 2:5 for juveniles, 2:3 for adults, and 1:1 for the old age group. This sex ratio is not good for the timor deer population as 1:5 is good. The most common type of grass for deer is timor grass (Ischaemum timorensis). Other grass species are Microlaena stipoides, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Imperata cylindrical, and Desmodium capitulum shrub. However, some areas of this habitat are covered by alien invasive species, Cromolaena odorata, which needs to be eradicated to maintain food availability. Mangrove parts eaten by Timor deer (Rusa timorensis) include young leaves, young stems, and exfoliated bark. Mangrove species commonly found as food for deer include Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera parviflora, and Sonneratia alba.

Keywords: habitat, Menipo, population, timor deer, Rusa timorensis

Interaksi Nisbah Daun: Buah dan Pupuk Daun pada Kualitas Buah Abiu (Pouteria caimito Radlk.)

Aria Thamara — 2024-07-02

Abiu (Pouteria caimito Radlk.) is a plant of Sapotaceae family that can be consumed fresh, processed, or as a medical product. The fruit and leaves of this plant contain bioactive compounds. This research aims to inform the interaction between leaf:fruit ratio treatment and foliar fertilizer on the quality of the abiu fruit. The study was conducted at Kebun Balungbang Jaya, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java Province, from July 2022 to November 2022. The experiment used a factorial split plot design. The main plot was a leaf:fruit ratio treatment (N1, 45 leaves:1 fruit, and N2, 30 leaves:1 fruit) on each tertiary branch, and the tiller plot was foliar fertilizer (P1: 1 g L^-1, P2: 2 g L^-1, and P3: 3 g L^-1), which consisted of 3 replications. The results showed that treatment of the leaf-fruit ratio and foliar fertilizer did not affect the quality of the abiu fruit. The interaction between leaf:fruit ratio and foliar fertilizer had a significant effect on ATT, as indicated by the lowest acidity value in the leaf:fruit ratio treatment of 45:1 and a fertilizer concentration of 1 g L^-1 with a value of 0.12% but has no significant effect on the external and internal quality of other fruits.

Keywords: Bioactive compounds, sapotaceae, tertiary branch, titratable acidity

Penggunaan Metode Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) untuk Deteksi Fragmen DNA Babi pada Produk Olahan Daging

Bambang Hermawan — 2024-07-02

Using food ingredients and/or processed food products contaminated with pork, whether unintentionally or intentionally, has become a growing concern and issue. This condition encourages the development of an accurate method for specifically detecting the presence or absence of pork contamination. The research was carried out on two different samples: (1) fresh pork to provide an in-house positive control and (2) samples of pork-based processed meat products (floss, meatballs, corned beef, and sausages), tested using DNA markers. The use of samples originating from processed pork food is to determine the effect of the processing process on DNA fragments and the robustness of the extraction method for the detection process used. The research aimed to detect pork DNA fragments using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. The study stages were extracting fresh pork and processed products using an RNA extraction kit, DNA extraction kit, and salt extraction, as well as measuring the purity and concentration of DNA/RNA using a spectrophotometer. The RNA extract was converted into complementary DNA (cDNA), and the DNA extract was analyzed using qPCR with specific primers for pork DNA (Sus scrofa). The results showed that the concentration of RNA and DNA extracts was 71.1–296.025 ng/uL and of various purity. All processed meat product samples and in-house positive controls were amplified in the Ct range of 23–28 ng/uL. In this case, the meat processing had no effect on the DNA of the processed meat products analyzed, so DNA fragments could be detected. DNA qPCR was more time efficient than cDNA qPCR because it did not require an RNA reverse transcription step.

Keywords: beta actin, cycle threshold, fresh pork, pork DNA, qPCR

Produksi Tanaman Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Akibat Aplikasi Mikoriza dan Pupuk Rock Phosphat pada Cekaman Salin

Mizan Maulana — 2024-07-02

Okra (Abelmochus esculentus L. Moench) has a fairly high nutritional content; every 10 gr of young okra fruit contains 33 calories, 7 gs of carbohydrates, 3.2 gs of fiber, and 81 mg calcium. Okra fruit contains a lot of mucilage due to its high fiber content. This study aimed to determine the effect of rock phosphate doses and types of mycorrhizae and the interaction between these two factors on the growth and yield of okra in saline soil. The research results showed that the dose of mycorrhiza had a very significant effect on the growth and yield of okra plants. The best dose of mycorrhiza was 10 g/plant, and the best type was Acauluspora. It showed that a dose of 10 g/plant with the Acauluspora type on okra yields on Ultiisol soil had given the best results in the vegetative phase, which could be seen in plant height parameters 15 and 30 ADP. The dose of rock phosphate is 150 g, which can be seen in the 300 g planting parameter and in almost all the observed variables. Hyphae in the soil can spread widely, which helps absorb more water. The best yields of okra plants were found by applying a mycorrhizal dose of 10 g on fruit weight variables of plants' mycorrhizal colonization on vase vegetative roots and mycorrhizal colonization on plant roots in the generative phase.

Keywords: biological agents, fertilizer, mycorrhiza, rock phosphate

Aktivitas Enzimatik Cendawan dari Lalat Bactrocera dorsalis sebagai Kandidat Cendawan Entomopatogen

Rizka Dwi Damayanti — 2024-07-02

Extracellular enzymes produced by fungi can serve as a screening tool for entomopathogen candidates. Enzyme secretion ability is important in determining the virulence level of an entomopathogenic fungus. This study aims to see the potential of fungal isolates through chitinolytic, lipolytic, and proteolytic activities of five entomopathogenic fungal isolated from Bactrocera sp. imago from citrus plants. The research was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Biology at the University of Lampung. Enzymatic activity is known through the method of observing the clear zone formed on agar media. Quantitative tests based on the calculation of enzymatic index values showed that Nigrospora sp. (IB1) had lipolytic activity, Penicillium sp. 2 (IB5) isolates had chitinolytic, lipolytic, and proteolytic activities. The isolates of Penicillium sp. 1 (IB2), Phytopthora sp. (IB3), and Gliocladium sp. (IB4) did not show the activity of the three enzymes.

Keywords: Bactrocera sp., bioinsecticide, entomopathogenic fungi, enzyme

psbA-trnH Intergenic Spacer profile of Wax Apple (Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry) Cultivars

Tiara Dwi Meilina — 2024-07-02

The fruit known as wax apple, scientifically named Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry, is a well-liked agricultural product originating from Demak Regency in the Central Java Province. When it is difficult to distinguish between different forms of an organism, using DNA barcoding to authenticate the identity of species based on their DNA is an important way. The psbA-trnH intergenic spacer is a commonly used molecular approach to analyse the genetic characteristics of plant species. This study investigated the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer profile of wax apple cultivars from Demak regency. The investigation revealed that the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer sequences of the S. samarangense cultivars, namely Madu Thailand and Madu Deli Hijau, had lengths of 535 and 492 base pairs, respectively. Both cultivars demonstrate a greater nucleotide composition of deoxyadenylic acid (A) and deoxythymidylic acid (T) in comparison to deoxycytidilic acid (C) and deoxyguanylic (G). The genetic distance between S. samarangense ‘Madu Thailand’ and ‘Madu Deli Hijau’ indicates a very tight relationship, with a value of 0.000. The psbA-trnH intergenic spacer proved to be insufficient in differentiating the S. samarangense cultivars from Demak regency, mostly because to its low capacity to discern between the wax apple cultivars.

Keywords: Demak, psbA-trnH intergenic spacer, Syzygium samarangense, wax apple

Mikrostruktur dan Karakteristik Permukaan Kayu Pinus Scots (Pinus sylvestris L.) Termodifikasi Gliserol dan Asam Sitrat

Gabriel Tobing — 2024-07-02

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood is one of the most popular timber export products. However, its low durability can reduce the potential and utilization of the wood. Chemical modification is one of the solutions to overcome this drawback. Chemical modification using non-biocide materials such as glycerol and citric acid was carried out to improve the inferior properties of wood. The study aimed to observe the microstructure and evaluate the surface characteristics of glycerol and citric acid-modified scots pine wood. Scots pine wood was modified using glycerol and citric acid with weight percent gain (WPG) values of 20% and 46%. Surface characteristics were measured, including surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE), wettability, and bonding quality. The results show that chemical modification using glycerol and citric acid resulted in the structure of the pine wood being more filled and denser. The modification could also reduce the roughness of the wood surface, resulting in decreased SFE value, increased contact angle, and decreased wettability on the wood surface. It might cause a decrease in the bonding quality because the wood did not have the strength to mechanically lock with the paint. Glycerol and citric acid modified-scots pine wood can be considered for exterior application.

Keywords: citric acid, glycerol, microstructure, scots pine, surface characteristics

Synthesis of Cu2O, Cu2O/Charcoal, and Cu2O/Activated Charcoal Composites as Antibacterial Agents

Zaenal Abidin — 2024-07-02

The excessive use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections can lead to bacterial resistance, necessitating other antibacterial agents as alternatives. This research combined charcoal and activated charcoal with metal oxide, namely copper oxide (Cu₂O), which has antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, thus producing an antibacterial composite for water treatment processes. Furthermore, this study also examined the effect of different types of sugar as reducing agents on the produced Cu₂O and identified the antibacterial activity of Cu₂O and its composites. Synthesis of Cu₂O through the Tollens-like reaction method using Cu(NO₃)₂ as a precursor, then adding NaOH, NH₄OH, and sugar. The sugars were sucrose, white sugar, and brown sugar. The type of sugar used as a reducing agent affected the size and morphology of the Cu₂O produced. Adding Cu2O to charcoal and activated charcoal increased antibacterial properties to charcoal and activated charcoal. Copper oxide, Cu₂O/charcoal, and Cu₂O/activated charcoal exhibited high antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), as of 5.69 ± 0.02 mm and 6.23 ± 0.03 mm, respectively, due to their thinner cell walls compared to Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive). The Cu₂O synthesized using white sugar as the reducing agent showed the best antibacterial activity, with an 8.26 ± 0.19 mm inhibition zone.

Keywords: activated charcoal, antibacterial, charcoal, copper oxide, sugar

Karakteristik Sate Padang dalam Kemasan dengan Suhu dan Waktu Simpan Berbeda

Panji Khairi Putra — 2024-07-02

Padang satay is a typical West Sumatran food that is part of Indonesia's traditional heritage. The experiment was carried out to overcome the problem of decreasing the quality of padang satay products. The vacuum and sterilization method utilized retort pouch packaging, which was anticipated to preserve product quality for up to 21 days during storage at both room and cold temperatures. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of retort pouch packaging in maintaining the quality of satay products by examining their physical, chemical, and microbiological properties after being packaged in retort pouches and stored for 21 days. The research employed a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of 2 factors and 4 replications.. Replications were taken for each temperature and storage time. The results showed a significant interaction between cold temperature treatment and storage for up to 21 days, maintaining pH values, water activity, and microbiological quality. Furthermore, the interaction between room temperature and cold temperature treatment could not significantly affect antioxidant activity and MDA levels (p<0.05). In conclusion, padang satay packaging using retort pouch could improve and maintain physicochemical quality in pH, water activity, and microbiology. However, it could not increase antioxidant activity or reduce the MDA level of the product.

Keywords: packaging, retort pouch, satay padang, temperature storage

Pengaruh Jenis Kemasan pada Perubahan Kualitas Salak Pondoh Banjarnegara dalam Bentuk Tandan Selama Transportasi dan Penyimpanan

Rafika Ratik Srimurni — 2024-07-02

Salak (Salacca edulis Reinw.) in bunch form can be attractive to consumers because its own unique shape. The use of primary and secondary packaging can maintain fruit quality. This study aims to evaluate quality change of salak in bunches including physical damage, mechanical damage, physiological and microbiological damage. Salak bunches were stored for 22 days, with observations every 3 days to analyze fruit damage, TSS, weight loss, and fruit hardness. The study used a single-factor completely randomized design, involving 3 treatments: wooden crates (K1), cardboard without net foam (K2), and cardboard with net foam (K3). Data were analyzed descriptively, analysis of variance, and DMRT at the 5% level. Primary packaging was effective in reducing mechanical damage to fruit after 13 hours of transportation, with mechanical damage reaching 0 (zero) due to net foam. The type of packaging used had a significant effect on quality change of salak during storage, namely physical, physiological and microbiological damage, weight loss, hardness, and TSS. Cardboard packaging with net foam was the best treatment, showing low physiological and microbiological damage until the 16th day of storage, which amounted to 4.05, as well as a low rate of change in quality for 22 days.

Keywords: Salak bunches, storage, packaging, fruit quality, transportation

Keragaman Arthropoda pada Teknologi Bujangseta di Tanaman Jeruk Siam

Lisa Navitasari — 2024-07-02

Bujangseta is a technology used throughout the year to produce citrus fruits. This technology has economically succeeded in increasing the income of citrus farmers by 23.5%. Sustainable management of bujangseta technology is neede, one of which is maintaining the sustainability of the agroecosystem. A stable agroecosystem ensures the availability of ecosystem services through nutrient cycling and the natural control of pest and disease populations. The stability of agroecosystems is coherent with the high biodiversity of arthropods. This study aims to evaluate the effect of applying the citrus plant bujangseta in Karangwidoro village and Krajan village, Dau District, Malang Regency, East Java, from June to December 2022. The two application methods were light trapping (lighttrap) and pit trap (pitfall glass), and the results were analyzed using a t-test. The diversity index, species richness index, species evenness index, and dominance index were calculated. The results showed that the detrivores of the Collembola group dominated the diversity of arthropods, the primary pest of the Diaphorina citri, and the predatory arthropods of Paederus sp. and Braconidae. Diversity and community structure of arthopods indicated there at significant differences in diversity, dominance, evenness, and species richness in those two locations. Bujangseta in the Krajan has a higher community structure compared to the Karangwidoro, showing that the ecosystem at the Krajan location is better preserved.

Keywords: arthropods, bujangseta, citrus, community structure

Studi Fisika Tanah pada Budi Daya Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L) di Berbagai Kemiringan Lahan

Adrinal Adrinal — 2024-07-02

The percentage of slope classes on a land has an impact on changes in soil physics. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physical properties of soil planted with tobacco on various slopes in Kenagarian Situjuah Batua, Situjuah Limo Nagari District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The method used in this study was a survey; samples were taken purposively based on slope classes at slopes 8-15%, 15–25%, and 25–45% at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm. From each slope 3 repetitions were taken. The results showed that there were changes in soil physics properties in each slope class with the dominant texture of sandy clay loam. Organic matter was classified as high to low (18.77–3.63%), low soil buld density (0.66–0.34 g/cm³), and total pore space was classified as high (75.27–86.87%). The permeability of the soil was classified as very fast to somewhat slow (34.88–0.78 cm/h), and the aggregate stability index was somewhat steady to less steady (60.89–45.98%). It is recommended that tobacco farmers to make terrracing and cut the length of the slope so that it does not lose organic matter.

Keywords: soil physical properties, slope level, tobacco plantation

Respons Agronomi dan Fisiologi Genotipe Padi (Oryza sativa L.) pada Budi Daya Berkelanjutan

Subarjo Subarjo — 2024-07-02

Efforts to maintain rice production in the future face many challenges, including the availability of increasingly narrow land, attacks by plant pest organisms, and declining land fertility due to improper cultivation systems. More than 70% of rice fields are in a disturbed ecological status due to cultivation technology that could be more environmentally friendly, which can interfere with the sustainability of rice self-sufficiency. An environmentally friendly rice cultivation system needs to be developed. This study aims to measure the agronomic and physiological responses of 3 rice genotypes in sustainable cultivation systems. The experiment used a Group Random Design on 3 rice genotypes (black, red, and white) in both conventional and sustainable cultivation systems. The research was carried out in the experimental garden of Polinela Organic Farm, Lampung State Polytechnic, from September 2020 to September 2021. The results showed that the plant, leaf greenery, number of tillers, number of panicles, grain weight per panicle, and biomass weight were not significantly different between conventional and sustainable cultivation. At the same time, the harvest and production indices per hectare were significantly different. The physiological responses to the photosynthesis and transpiration rates differed markedly in conventional and continuous cultivation. In contrast, the conductance of stomata did not differ significantly in both cultivation systems. The red rice genotype is the best, and it has a broader adaptation to conventional and sustainable cultivation systems.

Keywords: agronomy, conventional sysem, physiology, rice genotype, sustainable system

Hubungan Skor Perototan Ayam Betina Pembibit dan Performa Produksi

Agus Kadarisman — 2024-07-02

One think In the Parent Stock breeder farm is Scoring Fleshing in growing periode The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the fleshing score on the production performance of parent stock hens and find problems in the form of deviations from the fleshing score along with evaluations, solutions, and improvement plans. The benefit of this research is to provide information and guidance for farm supervisors and managers regarding target fleshing. Measuring the fleshing score is done by directly measuring the thickness of the chicken breast muscles. The number of samples taken is 5% of the total population ( COBB 2022 ). The data processed by excel 2021 and descriptive analised in order to same with the filed. Fleshing score aims to maintain and monitor body weight so that it is maintained, not to be overweight or otherwise the chickens become too thin. Good fleshing will produce enough fat reserves. This fat reserve is useful for preparation before production. The next hope is that with sufficient fat reserves during production, peak production will be high and production performance will be more persistent. Hens in coops that achieve an ideal fleshing score (less fleshing score 2) in the growing period tend to show better performance during the laying period, lower depletion of laying, higher peak production, higher cumulative PE, and higher cumulative HE.

Keywords: flashing score, parent stock, production performance

Pengaruh Bokashi Limbah Kulit Kopi pada Bibit Pepaya (Caraca Papaya L.) Calina

Hadisfied Rama Suhada — 2024-07-02

This study aimed to determine the effect of the proportion of coffee peel bokashi in the planting medium on the growth of papaya plant seedlings (Carica papaya L.) cv Calina. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture Screenhouse on Jalan Perjuangan, Cirebon City, at an altitude of 5 m above sea level. The research was conducted from May 2022 to June 2022. The experimental method used with a completely randomized design. The treatment consisted of 4 proportions of bokashi in the planting media, each of which was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 polybags. The total papaya plant seeds used were 240 seeds. The treatments studied were: K0 = top soil, K1 = 250 g bokashi + 1 kg soil, K2 = 500 g bokashi + 1 kg soil, and K3 = 750 g bokashi + 1 kg soil. The results showed that the proportion of coffee peel waste bokashi significantly affected the growth of papaya plants. Using 500 g coffee skin waste bokashi in 1 kg of soil had the best effect on plant height, stem diameter, plant growth rate, number of leaves, root volume, root length, root ratio, and net assimilation rate.

Keywords: coffee peel, bokashi, papaya

Aplikasi Ekstrak Mimosa invisa L. dan Pupuk NPK Dosis Rendah dalam Pengendalian Hama dan Patogen Padi Gogo

Yugi Rahayu Ahadiyat — 2024-07-02

This study aimed to determine the effect of Mimosa invisa L. weed extract application and a low dose of NPK fertilizer on the intensity of pest attack and pathogen infection on upland rice. This research has been done using Split Plot Design with 3 replications. The main plot was the dose of NPK fertilizer (50% and 100% NPK). The subplot was the concentration of weed extract (0, 1.25, 1.67, 2.5, and 5% concentrations). The variables observed include the intensity of grasshopper and case worm attack, Cercospora sp. that causes brown spots, and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae that causes bacterial leaf blight. The results showed that the application of weed extract under a low dose (50% NPK) has not been able to suppress the intensity of grasshopper and case worm attacks, and the intensity of the pathogen causes brown spots and bacterial leaf blight. However, 2,5% and 5% concentrations of weed extract can potentially suppress pathogen infection that causes brown spots on upland rice.

Keywords: grasshopper, brown spots, Mimosa invisa L.weed extract, case worm, bacterial leaf blight, NPK fertilizer

Kinerja Ekonomi Usaha Tani Tanaman Pangan dan Kontribusinya pada Kesejahteraan Petani di Desa Sekitar Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Mandalika, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah

Candra Ayu — 2024-07-02

The Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) development in West Nusa Tenggara Province aims to accelerate economic growth, especially for people in Pujut District-Central Lombok Regency. This research aims to describe the economic performance of food crop farming in villages around the Mandalika SEZ and its contribution to the economic welfare of farmer households. This research uses descriptive methods, and the data was collected using survey techniques in 3 villages with potential for food crop farming, namely Sengkol, Rembitan, and Sukadana villages. The respondents were 75 farmers. The results showed that food crops in villages around the Mandalika SEZ consist of rice, soybeans, and corn, with low productivity and an R/C ratio of 1.48–2.02. The total income from food crop farming is IDR 7,903,504.28/year or 34.06% of the total household income of farmers. The contribution of food crop farming income to farmer welfare based on the Sajogyo criteria was 41.69%, and based on the World Bank Criteria, it was 18.95%.

Keywords: food crop, farmers welfare, farmer household, special economic zone mandalika, Central Lombok

Karakteristik Fisikokimia, Kadar Gizi, Organoleptik dan Aktivitas Antioksidan dalam Es Krim Yoghurt Rosela

Farah Diba 'Izzati — 2024-07-02

This study develops roselle yogurt ice cream by combining the probiotic benefits of yogurt with bioactive compounds from roselle flowers. Yogurt is produced through milk fermentation by lactic acid bacteria, while roselle flower extract is rich in anthocyanins and flavonoids known for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The research methods included a comprehensive analysis of physicochemical properties, nutritional content, microbiology, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic characteristics. Using a randomized complete design, data analysis employed ANOVA and the Least Significant Difference tests (P < 0.05), with sensory evaluation conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of exploring the synergy between roselle yogurt and ice cream in varying proportions (20:80, 30:70, 40:60) showed that the treatment with a 30:70 ratio of roselle yoghurt (P2) was optimal in physicochemical characteristics such as pH 5.47, total titratable acidity 0.74%, overrun 75.61%, and meltdown rate of 26.98 minutes. P2 also exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity at 137 µg/mL, with good sensory acceptance from consumers. This experiment provided an understanding of the potential of roselle yoghurt ice cream as a product that meets increasingly selective consumers' nutritional and health needs. It is hoped that these findings will stimulate the development of ice cream products that are not only commercially popular but also provide significant health benefits.

Keywords: roselle yoghurt ice cream, antioxidant activity, consumer health

Efektivitas Bahan Pembenah Tanah pada Dinamika Fosforus dengan Perunutan Isotop 32P dan Hasil Jagung di Ultisol Jasinga

Nur Robifahmi — 2024-07-02

Soil conditioners can accelerate the recovery of soil physical, chemical, and/or biological quality, thus optimizing soil productivity. The ³²P isotope tracing technique was used to determine the contribution of P from soil amendments in the form of lime, biochar, and compost, as well as to study their effects on P fertilization efficiency and corn yield. The treatments included lime, biochar, compost, and combinations of these three materials. The parameters analyzed were corn yield and P contribution from P sources. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of soil amendments to increase P uptake, growth, and yield of corn, as well as to determine the P contribution from lime, biochar, and compost to corn plants using the ³²P isotope tracing technique. The results on Ultisol soil from Jasinga, Bogor, showed that the combination of 3 t ha^-1 lime + 15 t ha^-1 biochar + 15 t ha^-1compost resulted in the highest grain weight of 45.942 g per plant; the contribution of P from the carrier materials to the grain of the combination of 3 t ha^-1 lime + 15 t ha^-1 biochar + 15 t ha^-1 compost was 44.945 mg per plant. In conclusion, the combination of these soil conditioners can increase P availability and corn production on Ultisol soil from Jasinga, Bogor.

Keywords: soil conditioner material, ³²P isotope tracer technique, Ultisols

Spirulina sebagai Pengganti Artemia untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Larva Ikan Patin Pangasius hypophthalmus

Dian Eka Ramadhani — 2024-09-06

The provision of quality and sufficient shrimp fry for production is largely determined by the management of maintenance during larval stadia. This study aims to obtain the best treatment of natural feed in the form of Spirulina sp. and Artemia sp. as feed supplements to improve the growth performance and survival rate of patin fish larvae. The experiment used a Complete Randomized Design consisting of 4 feed treatments and 3 replicates: A (Artemia sp. 100%), B (Artemia sp. 100% and Spirulina sp. 100%), C (Artemia sp. 50% and Spirulina sp. 50%), and D (Spirulina sp. 100%). The larvae with a density of 50 heads/L were kept in the aquarium and fed according to the treatment. The density of Spirulina sp. administered was 10⁴–10⁵ cells/mL maintained until day 7 according to the treatment. The parameters measured included growth performance, which included specific growth rate (SGR), survival (SR), absolute length growth (PPM), and analysis of larval digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, and protease). The data were analyzed using one way-analysis of variance and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test with a 95% confidence interval using SPSS version 22.0. The results showed that the administration of Spirulina sp. produced better SGR, SR, PPM, amylase enzyme, lipase, and protease activities compared to the control (100% administration of Artemia sp.). The best treatment was given by 100% Spirulina sp. treatment.

Keywords: Artemia sp., digestive enzymes, patin fish larvae, Spirulina sp.

Pengaruh Bulai pada Perubahan Indeks Kadar Klorofil, Serapan Fosforus dan Boron pada Jagung Manis

Achmad Azhari Sidik — 2024-09-19

Maize production and quality are affected by infection with plant pathogens. One of the maize's essential and main diseases is downy mildew caused by Peronosclerospora spp. Downy mildew is a limiting factor in increasing production and can reduce production by 80-100%. It is because the affected plant cannot produce cobs. Pathogens obtain nutrients from the host cell, which can kill the cell and damage the surrounding tissues, resulting in visible downy mildew symptoms. Boron (B) plays a role in forming phloem, increasing the fruit's number, weight, bunch weight, and diameter. The primary function of B at the molecular level is the cross-linking of pectin in the plant cell wall. Ramnogalacturonan II (RG II) is a pectic polysaccharide that contributes to the mechanical strength and properties of the primary wall cross-linked by borate diesters. Phosphorus (P) controls the downsides in the greenhouse and field conditions. This study aims to measure changes in chlorophyll index, P and B uptakes in downy mildew affected plants. The field experiment used a group randomized design with six natural phosphate (FA) application treatments and four groups of borax doses as replicates. The results showed that the downy mildew decreased the chlorophyll index of the leaves at different levels of attack. The results of P concentration according to the position of healthy plant leaves were significantly different due to P treatment. In contrast to concentration B, there is no real difference. P and B uptake results in downy mildew-infested plants showed a significant difference only in P uptake in leaves with 1 FA treatment.

Keywords: boron, downy mildew, maize, phosphate