Bioconversion of Microalga Chlorella sp. as an Alternative Energy for Biofuel in Fishery Waste Media
Abstract
Carbon dioxide emissions from burning fuel oil have been increasing, resulting in increasingly severe climate change. The use of microalgae as raw materials for biofuel production is an environmentally friendly alternative. Microalgae Chlorella sp. can be sustainably converted into alternative biofuels. Fishery liquid waste, such as that resulting from fish farming and fish processing, can be used as a nutrient medium for microalgae. This study aimed to analyze biomass production from Chlorella sp. using fishery waste in an algae reactor. The working principle of fisheries wastewater processing is related to microalgae in the reactor. The surface of the media forms a biological layer that breaks down organic compounds in the air, thereby reducing the organic content. The compounds resulting from metabolic processes are in the form of solids and gases. The results show that the bioethanol produced from the thermostat Chlorella sp. with fishery waste media can produce 20,000 L/ha. Microalgae contain approximately 20-50% dry weight of carbohydrates, which can be converted into bioethanol. Chlorella sp. can reduce chemical oxygen demand and ammonia by up to 70% by converting carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The application of bioconversion to all companies in the fisheries sector will provide benefits and help the government reduce fossil fuel subsidies.
Keywords: bioconversion, biofuel, fisheries, microalgae, waste
Downloads
References
Ahmad AL, Mat Yasin NH, Derek CJC, Lim JK. 2014. Comparison of harvesting methods for microalgae Chlorella sp. and its potential use as a biodiesel feedstock. Environmental Technology. 35: 2244–2253. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2014.900117
Alaswad A, Dassisti M, Prescott T, Olabi AG. 2015. Technologies and developments of third generation biofuel production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 51: 1446–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.058
Ardana PPN, Abidin Z, Diniarti N. 2018. Utilization of fish cultivation waste to increase silkworm biomass growth (Tubifex sp.). nama jurnal???. 8: 55–64. https://doi.org/10.29303/jp.v8i1.75
Bisht B, Verma M, Sharma R, Chauhan PK, Pant K, Kim H, Vlaskin MS, Kumar V. 2023. Development of yeast and microalgae consortium biofilm growth system for biofuel production. Heliyon. 9: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19353
Coppola D, Lauritano C, Palma EF, Riccio G, Rizzo C, de Pascale D. 2021. Fish waste: From problem to valuable resource. Mar. Drugs. 19, 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19020116
Chi NTL, Duc PA, Mathimani T, Pugazhendhi A. 2018. Evaluating the potential of green alga Chlorella sp. for high biomass and lipid production in biodiesel viewpoint. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 17: 184–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2018.11.011
Dongoran NJ, Eddiwan Br, Efawani. 2024. Effect of giving thiamine at different doses on the density of Chlorella sp.. Southeast Asian Water Resources Management. 1: 6–10. https://doi.org/10.61761/seawarm.1.2.6-10
Elystia S, Andrio D, Fitria D, Sasmita A, Setianingsih R. 2024. Development of a rotary algae biofilm reactor (RABR) semicontinuous system for biomass production and lipid content, as well as removal of high concentrations of organic pollutants. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan. 22: 693–703. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.22.3.693-703
Ennaceri H, Ishika T, Mkpuma VO, Moheimani NR. 2023. Microalgal biofilms: Towards sustainable biomass production. Algal Research. 72: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2023.103124
Febrianto J, Purwanto MYJ, Waspodo RSB. 2016. Aquaculture wastewater treatment through anaerobic processes using bamboo materials. Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan. 1: 83–90.
Gaurav K, Neeti K, Singh R. 2024. Microalgae-based biodiesel production and its challenges and future opportunities: A review. Green Technologies and Sustainability. 2: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grets.2023.100060
Hakim AR, Prasetya A, Petrus HTB. 2017. Potential of Hermetia illucens larvae as waste reducers in the fishery products processing industry. Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada. 19: 70–78. https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.26461
Huang YT, Lai CW, Wu BW, Lin KS, Wu JCS, Hossain MS, Yamauchi Y, Wu KCW. 2017. Advances in bioconversion of microalgae with high biomass and lipid productivity. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2017.05.026
Hossain SMZ. 2019. Biochemical conversion of microalgae biomass into biofuel. Chem. Eng. Technol. 42: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201800605
Hosseini SM, Saifoddin A, Shirmohammadi R, Aslani A. 2019. Forecasting of CO2 emissions in iran based on time series and regression analysis. Energy Reports. 5: 619–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.05.004
Ismail MM, Ismail GA, El-Sheekh MM. 2020. Potential assessment of some micro- and macroalgal species for bioethanol and biodiesel production. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. 46: 7683–7699. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1758853
Karpagam R, Jawaharraj K, Gnanam R. 2021. Review on integrated biofuel production from microalgal biomass through the outset of transesterification route: a cascade approach for sustainable bioenergy. Science of the Total Environment. 766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144236
Karthikeyan S, Kalaimurugan K, Prathima A. 2018. Quality analysis studies on biodiesel production of Neochloris oleoabundans algae. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. 40: 439–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2017.1422059
Krasowska A, Jabłoński S, Ma, Biniarz P, Płachetka M, Lukaszewicz M. 2013. Microalgae – Biodiesel Potential Producers: A Review. Proceedings: 1st Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference, AIIC 2013: 24–26 April, Azores, Portugal.
Krisdayanti S, Fauziyyah HA, Ubay IN, Erliana SR. 2024. Sustainable production of biofuels from microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) using irradiation microwave as future green energy; a Review. Journal of Clean Technology. 1: 19–28.
Makarevičienė V, Andrulevičiūtė V, Skorupskaitė V, Kasperovičienė J. 2011. Cultivation of microalgae Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. as a potential biofuel feedstock. Environmental Research, Engineering, and Management. 3: 21–27.
Miranda AF, Ramkumar N, Andriotis C, Höltkemeier T, Yasmin A, Rochfort S, Wlodkowic D, Morrison P, Roddick F, Spangenberg G, Lal B, Subudhi S, Mouradov A. 2017. Applications of micro-algal biofilms for wastewater treatment and bioenergy production. Biotechnology for Biofuels. 10: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0798-9
Mirzayanti YW, Marlinda L, Irawan H, Al Muttaqii M, Ma'sum Z, Asri NP, Chern JM. 2024. Performance of in-situ stirring batch reactor transesterification of Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae into biodiesel. International Journal of Technology. 15: 859–869. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v15i4.6678
Natsha F, Hutajulu ES, Pardi H. 2024. Potential prospects of microalgae as biofuel in the Riau Islands to realize net zero emissions. Jurnal Energi Baru dan Terbarukan. 5: 102–114. https://doi.org/10.14710/jebt.2024.23299
Oktavia DA, Mangunwidjaja D, Wibowo S, Sunarti TC, Rahayuningsih M. 2012. Processing of fishery liquid waste using a consortium of proteolytic and lipolytic indigenous microbes. AGROINTEK. 6: 65–71.
Ramadhan I, Maya NM, Safrilia S, Kurniasari L, Hidayah EN, Farahdiba AU. 2023. Biofuel potential in microalgae with waste variations using oxidation ditch algae reactor. Envirous. 1: 93–101. https://doi.org/10.33005/envirous.v1i2.43
Rony ZI, Mofijur M, Hasan MM, Ahmed SF, Badruddin IA, Khan TMY. 2023. Conversion of algal biomass into renewable fuel: A mini review of chemical and biochemical processes. Front. Energy Res. 11: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1124302
Silva TL, Moniz P, Silva C, Reis A. 2021. The role of heterotrophic microalgae in waste conversion to biofuels and bioproducts. Processes. Nama jurnal? 9: 1–124. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9071090
Shuba ES, Kifle D. 2018. Microalgae to biofuels: Promising’ alternative and renewable energy, review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 81: 743–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.042
Thirugnanasambantham R, Elango T, Elangovan K. 2020. Chlorella vulgaris sp. microalgae as a feedstock for biofuel. Materials Today: Proceedings. 33: 3182–3185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.106
Utomo TP. 2015. Study the potential of biofuels production in Tulang Bawang, Lampung. Inovasi Pembangunan: Jurnal Kelitbangan. 3: 2437.
Wafi M, Budianto A. 2022. Review Jurnal: Biofuel production from palm oil with various process methods. INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi. 1: 368–375. https://doi.org/10.55123/insologi.v1i4.633
Zhang J, Akyol C, Meers E. 2023. Nutrient recovery and recycling from fishery waste and by-products. Journal of Environmental Management. 348: 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119266
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This journal is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
View JIPI StatsCounter
