Seleksi Bakteri Pendegradasi Lignin asal Tanah, Sampah Dapur dan Kotoran Sapi Berdasarkan Aktivitas Lignin Peroksidase dan Mangan Peroksidase
Abstract
Lignin adalah polimer heterogen kimia kompleks yang membentuk penghalang fisik terhadap hidrolisis lignoselulosa secara biologis dan kimia sehingga membuat biomassa lignoselulosa bersifat sulit didegradasi. Mikroorganisme ligninolitik memainkan peranan penting dalam proses degradasi lignin dengan menghasilkan enzim ekstraseluler. Enzim lignin peroksidase dan mangan peroksidase merupakan enzim yang berperan dalam degradasi lignin. Sebanyak 41 isolat bakteri telah berhasil diisolasi dari tanah, serasah daun, sampah dapur, dan kotoran sapi. Namun, isolat-isolat tersebut belum diketahui aktivitas ligninolitiknya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kemampuan ligninolitik isolat bakteri tanah, serasah daun, sampah dapur, dan kotoran sapi berdasarkan aktivitas enzim lignin peroksidase dan mangan peroksidase. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tahapan peremajaan isolat, pengujian aktivitas lignin peroksidase secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif, serta pengujian aktivitas mangan peroksidase secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Sebanyak 4 isolat bakteri asal tanah (isolat Tn9, Tn14, Tn16, dan Tn17) dan 2 isolat bakteri asal kotoran sapi (isolat KS2 dan KS5) menunjukkan aktivitas lignin peroksidase secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Aktivitas mangan peroksidase juga ditunjukkan oleh 4 isolat bakteri asal tanah (isolat Tn2, Tn6, Tn14, dan Tn16), 1 isolat bakteri asal sampah dapur (isolat SD1) dan 1 isolat bakteri asal kotoran sapi (isolat KS5) baik secara kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Kesembilan isolat bakteri yang menunjukkan aktivitas lignin peroksidase dan mangan peroksidase memiliki potensi sebagai agen biologi pendegradasi lignin.
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