Rhizophagus intraradices dan Trichoderma asperellum sebagai Bioprotektan dan Biofertilizer pada Bawang Merah TSS
Abstract
True shallot seed (TSS) is one of the alternative potential technologies to solve the availability of seed quality on shallot in Indonesia. Another problem in shallot production is infection by purple blotch and twisted disease. This research evaluated the potency of Rhizophagus intraradices and Trichoderma asperellum as bioprotectants and biofertilizer. T. asperellum was mixed in the soil before seedling transplanting, and R. intraradices was applied around the seedling roots at transplanting. The observed parameters were the shallot growth (the plant height, number of leaves, and length of root), plant health (disease incidence and intensity), and bulb resistance to Fusarium solani. The result showed that R. intraradices and T. asperellum increased the resistance of onion bulbs to the pathogen F. solani in the postharvest period, indicated by R. intraradices treatment that had an infection area of 21.99 mm2, followed by T. asperellum treatment 26.63 mm2, and control of 37.66 mm2.
Keywords: Rhizophagus intraradices, Trichoderma asperellum, true shallot seed
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References
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Gunaeni. 2015. Physical and Mechanical Control of Pests and Diseases in the Production of Shallots (Allium ascolonicum L.). Agrin Journal. 19(1) : 37–57.
Hardianti, A. R., Y. S. Rahayu, dan M. T. Asri. 2014. Efektivitas Waktu Pemberian Trichoderma harzianum dalam Mengatasi Serangan Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Tomat Varietas Ratna. LenteraBio. 3(1) : 21–25.
Hassan, M.M.; Farid, M.A.; Gaber, A. Rapid identification of Trichoderma koningiopsis and Trichoderma longibrachiatum using sequence-characterized amplified region markers. Egypt J. Biol. Pest. Control. 29 : 13-20.
Hersanti, Sudarjat dan A. Damayanti. 2019. Kemampuan Bacillus subtilis dan Lysinibacillus sp. dalam silika nano dan serat karbon untuk menginduksi ketahanan bawang merah terhadap penyakit bercak ungu (Alternaria porri (ell.) cif). Jurnal Agrikultura. 30(1) : 8-16.
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Jamiołkowska, A., A. H. Thanoon, B. Skwaryło-Bednarz, E. Patkowska & E. Mielniczuk. 2020. Mycorrhizal inoculation as an alternative in the ecological production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Int. Agrophys. 34 : 253-264. DOI : 10.31545/intagr/118196.
Jie, W.-G., Yao, Y.-X., Guo, N., Zhang, Y.-Z. & Qiao, W. 2021. Effects of Rhizophagus intraradices on Plant Growth and the Composition of Microbial Communities in the Roots of Continuous Cropping Soybean at Maturity. Sustainability.13. 6623. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126623.
Juwanda, M., K. Khotimah dan M. Amin. 2016. Peningkatan ketahanan bawang merah terhadap penyakit layu fusarium melalui induksi ketahanan dengan asam salisilat secara invitro. Agrin. 20 (1) : 15-28.
Kalamulla, R.; Karunarathna, S.C.; Tibpromma, S.; Galappaththi, M.C.A.; Suwannarach, N.; Stephenson, S.L.; Asad, S.; Salem, Z.S.; Yapa, N. 2022. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Sustainable Agriculture. Sustainability. 14 : 12250. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3390/ su141912250.
Lestiyani, A., A. Wibowo, S. Subandiyah, C. Gambley, S. Ito & S. Harper. 2016. Identification of Fusarium spp., the causal agent of twisted disease of shallot. Acta Horticulturae, 1128:155-160.
Luna-Vera, A.M., Palacios-Pala, E.F., Camacho-Luna, V., Solis-Centeno, Y., Bravo-Luna, L., Rodríguez-Monroy, M., Sepúlveda-Jiménez, G., 2018. Potential of Trichoderma asperellum TC3 in the control of onion diseases. Frontera Biotecnológica. 11, 232.
Makhziah, I. R. Moeljani, dan J. Santoso. 2019. Diseminasi teknologi true seed of shallot dan umbi mini bawang merah di karangploso, malang, jawa timur. Agrokreatif (Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat). 5(3) : 165-172.
Manan, A., E. Mugiastuti, dan L. Soesanto. 2018. Kemampuan campuran bacillus sp., pseudomonas fluorescens, dan trichoderma sp. untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri pada tanaman tomat. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 14(2) : 63-68.
Nuryani, Yusuf S, Djantika I, Hanudin, Marwoto B. 2011. Pengendalian penyakit layu fusarium pada subang gladiol dengan pengasapan dan biopestisida. J. Hort. 21(1) : 40-50.
Putri, A.O.T., B. Hadisutrisno dan A. Wibowo. 2016. Pengaruh inokulasi mikoriza arbuskular terhadap pertumbuhan bibit dan intensitas penyakit bercak daun cengkeh. Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan. 10(2) : 145 – 154.
Rai, D., & N. Singh. 2023. Efficacy of Trichoderma asperellum against different pathogens of selected medicinal plants. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 61. pp. 303-310. DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i04.172.
Rizal, S., D. Novianti, M. Septiani. 2019. Pengaruh jamur Trichoderma sp. terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Jurnal Indobiosains. 1(1) : 14-21.
Saravanakumar, K.; Yu, C.; Dou, K.; Wang, M.; Li, Y.; Chen, J. Synergistic effect of Trichoderma-derived antifungal metabolites and cell wall degrading enzymes on enhanced biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Biol. Control. 94 : 37–46.
Sarkar A, Asaeda T, Wang Q, Kaneko Y, Rashid M. 2018. Arbuscularmycorrhiza confers lead tolerance and uptake inMiscanthus saccha-riflorus. Chem Ecol. 34(5):454–469. DOI : 10.1080/02757540.2018.1437150.
Song Y., Chen D., Lu K., Sun Z., and Zeng R., 2015. Enhanced tomato disease resistance primed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. Front Plant Sci. 6. 786. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00786.
Supyani, SH. Poromarto S H, Supriyadi, Hadiwiyono. 2020. Moler disease of shallot in brebes central java in the last three years: the intensity and resulting yields losses is increasing. Presented online in the 2nd Sriwidjaja International Conference of Environmental Issues Conduted on Oct.21st. 2020.
Theint Win, T., B. B. Przemyslaw Malec, S. Khan & P. Fu. 2021. Newly isolated strain of Trichoderma asperellum from disease suppressive soil is a potential bio‑control agent to suppress Fusarium soil borne fungal phytopathogens. Journal of Plant Pathology. 103:549–561. DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-021-00780-x.
Vinayarani, G., Madhusudhan, K. N., & Prakash, H. S. 2019. Induction of systemic resistance in turmeric by rhizospheric isolate Trichoderma asperellum against rhizome rot disease. Journal of Plant Pathology. DOI:10.1007/s42161-019-00303-9.
Wang Y, Wang M, Li Y, Wu A, Huang J (2018) Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and nitrogen uptake of Chrysanthemum morifolium under salt stress. PLoS One. 13(4):e0196408. DOI : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196408.
Weng, W., Yan, J., Zhou, M., Yao, X.; Gao, A.; Ma, C.; Cheng, J., Ruan, J. 2022. Roles of Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi as a Biocontrol Agent in the Control of PlantDiseases. Microorganisms. 10 : 1266. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071266.
Zapata-Sarmiento, D.H., E. F. Palacios-Pala, A. A. Rodríguez-Hernández, D. L. M. Melchor, M. Rodríguez-Monroy & G. Sepúlveda-Jiménez. 2020. Trichoderma asperellum, a potential biological control agent of Stemphylium vesicarium, on onion (Allium cepa L.). Biological Control. 140.DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.104105.
Akhtar, R. and A. Javaid. 2018. Biological management of basal rot of onion by trichoderma harzianum and withania somnifera. Planta Daninha. 36 : 1-10.
Askhari-Khorasgani O. & Pessarakli M. 2019. Agricultural management and environmental requirements for production of true shallot seeds - a review. Adv. Plants & Agric. Res. 9(2) : 318-322.
Azmi, C., Hidayat I.M., dan Wiguna G. 2011. Pengaruh varietas dan ukuran umbi terhadap produktivitas bawang merah. Jurnal Hortikultura.
Bahraminia, M, Zarei M, Ronaghi A, Ghasemi-Fasaei R. 2016.Effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation oflead- contaminated soil by vetiver grass. Int J Phytoremediation.18(7):730–737. DOI : 10.1080/15226514.2015.1131242.
El-Mougy, N. S. dan M. M. Abdel-Kader. 2019. Biocontrol measures against onion basal rot incidence under natural field conditions. Journal of Plant Pathology. 1-8.
Golubkina, N., Z. Amagova, V. Matsadze, S. Zamana, A. Tallarita, Orcid & G. Caruso. 2020. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Yield, Biochemical Characteristics, and Elemental Composition of Garlic and Onion under Selenium Supply. Plants. 9(1), 84. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9010084.
Granada, D., L. L. Lujan, S. R. Restrepo, J. Morales, C. P. Jaramillo, G. Andrade, J. C. B. Pérez. 2020. Bacterial extracts and bioformulates as a promising control of fruit body rot and root rot in avocado cv. Hass. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 19(3): 748-758.
Gunaeni. 2015. Physical and Mechanical Control of Pests and Diseases in the Production of Shallots (Allium ascolonicum L.). Agrin Journal. 19(1) : 37–57.
Hardianti, A. R., Y. S. Rahayu, dan M. T. Asri. 2014. Efektivitas Waktu Pemberian Trichoderma harzianum dalam Mengatasi Serangan Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Tomat Varietas Ratna. LenteraBio. 3(1) : 21–25.
Hassan, M.M.; Farid, M.A.; Gaber, A. Rapid identification of Trichoderma koningiopsis and Trichoderma longibrachiatum using sequence-characterized amplified region markers. Egypt J. Biol. Pest. Control. 29 : 13-20.
Hersanti, Sudarjat dan A. Damayanti. 2019. Kemampuan Bacillus subtilis dan Lysinibacillus sp. dalam silika nano dan serat karbon untuk menginduksi ketahanan bawang merah terhadap penyakit bercak ungu (Alternaria porri (ell.) cif). Jurnal Agrikultura. 30(1) : 8-16.
Huang L, Zhang H, Song Y, Yang Y, Chen H, Tang M. 2017. Subcellularcompartmentalization and chemical forms of lead participate in leadtolerance ofRobinia pseudoacaciaL. withFunneliformis mosseae.FrontPlant Sci. 8:517. DOI : 10.3389/fpls.2017.00517.
Jamiołkowska, A., A. H. Thanoon, B. Skwaryło-Bednarz, E. Patkowska & E. Mielniczuk. 2020. Mycorrhizal inoculation as an alternative in the ecological production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Int. Agrophys. 34 : 253-264. DOI : 10.31545/intagr/118196.
Jie, W.-G., Yao, Y.-X., Guo, N., Zhang, Y.-Z. & Qiao, W. 2021. Effects of Rhizophagus intraradices on Plant Growth and the Composition of Microbial Communities in the Roots of Continuous Cropping Soybean at Maturity. Sustainability.13. 6623. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126623.
Juwanda, M., K. Khotimah dan M. Amin. 2016. Peningkatan ketahanan bawang merah terhadap penyakit layu fusarium melalui induksi ketahanan dengan asam salisilat secara invitro. Agrin. 20 (1) : 15-28.
Kalamulla, R.; Karunarathna, S.C.; Tibpromma, S.; Galappaththi, M.C.A.; Suwannarach, N.; Stephenson, S.L.; Asad, S.; Salem, Z.S.; Yapa, N. 2022. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Sustainable Agriculture. Sustainability. 14 : 12250. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3390/ su141912250.
Lestiyani, A., A. Wibowo, S. Subandiyah, C. Gambley, S. Ito & S. Harper. 2016. Identification of Fusarium spp., the causal agent of twisted disease of shallot. Acta Horticulturae, 1128:155-160.
Luna-Vera, A.M., Palacios-Pala, E.F., Camacho-Luna, V., Solis-Centeno, Y., Bravo-Luna, L., Rodríguez-Monroy, M., Sepúlveda-Jiménez, G., 2018. Potential of Trichoderma asperellum TC3 in the control of onion diseases. Frontera Biotecnológica. 11, 232.
Makhziah, I. R. Moeljani, dan J. Santoso. 2019. Diseminasi teknologi true seed of shallot dan umbi mini bawang merah di karangploso, malang, jawa timur. Agrokreatif (Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat). 5(3) : 165-172.
Manan, A., E. Mugiastuti, dan L. Soesanto. 2018. Kemampuan campuran bacillus sp., pseudomonas fluorescens, dan trichoderma sp. untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri pada tanaman tomat. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 14(2) : 63-68.
Nuryani, Yusuf S, Djantika I, Hanudin, Marwoto B. 2011. Pengendalian penyakit layu fusarium pada subang gladiol dengan pengasapan dan biopestisida. J. Hort. 21(1) : 40-50.
Putri, A.O.T., B. Hadisutrisno dan A. Wibowo. 2016. Pengaruh inokulasi mikoriza arbuskular terhadap pertumbuhan bibit dan intensitas penyakit bercak daun cengkeh. Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan. 10(2) : 145 – 154.
Rai, D., & N. Singh. 2023. Efficacy of Trichoderma asperellum against different pathogens of selected medicinal plants. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 61. pp. 303-310. DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i04.172.
Rizal, S., D. Novianti, M. Septiani. 2019. Pengaruh jamur Trichoderma sp. terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Jurnal Indobiosains. 1(1) : 14-21.
Saravanakumar, K.; Yu, C.; Dou, K.; Wang, M.; Li, Y.; Chen, J. Synergistic effect of Trichoderma-derived antifungal metabolites and cell wall degrading enzymes on enhanced biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Biol. Control. 94 : 37–46.
Sarkar A, Asaeda T, Wang Q, Kaneko Y, Rashid M. 2018. Arbuscularmycorrhiza confers lead tolerance and uptake inMiscanthus saccha-riflorus. Chem Ecol. 34(5):454–469. DOI : 10.1080/02757540.2018.1437150.
Song Y., Chen D., Lu K., Sun Z., and Zeng R., 2015. Enhanced tomato disease resistance primed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. Front Plant Sci. 6. 786. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00786.
Supyani, SH. Poromarto S H, Supriyadi, Hadiwiyono. 2020. Moler disease of shallot in brebes central java in the last three years: the intensity and resulting yields losses is increasing. Presented online in the 2nd Sriwidjaja International Conference of Environmental Issues Conduted on Oct.21st. 2020.
Theint Win, T., B. B. Przemyslaw Malec, S. Khan & P. Fu. 2021. Newly isolated strain of Trichoderma asperellum from disease suppressive soil is a potential bio‑control agent to suppress Fusarium soil borne fungal phytopathogens. Journal of Plant Pathology. 103:549–561. DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-021-00780-x.
Vinayarani, G., Madhusudhan, K. N., & Prakash, H. S. 2019. Induction of systemic resistance in turmeric by rhizospheric isolate Trichoderma asperellum against rhizome rot disease. Journal of Plant Pathology. DOI:10.1007/s42161-019-00303-9.
Wang Y, Wang M, Li Y, Wu A, Huang J (2018) Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and nitrogen uptake of Chrysanthemum morifolium under salt stress. PLoS One. 13(4):e0196408. DOI : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196408.
Weng, W., Yan, J., Zhou, M., Yao, X.; Gao, A.; Ma, C.; Cheng, J., Ruan, J. 2022. Roles of Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi as a Biocontrol Agent in the Control of PlantDiseases. Microorganisms. 10 : 1266. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071266.
Zapata-Sarmiento, D.H., E. F. Palacios-Pala, A. A. Rodríguez-Hernández, D. L. M. Melchor, M. Rodríguez-Monroy & G. Sepúlveda-Jiménez. 2020. Trichoderma asperellum, a potential biological control agent of Stemphylium vesicarium, on onion (Allium cepa L.). Biological Control. 140.DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.104105.
Published
2024-01-11
How to Cite
MaharaniP., SuryantiS., JokoT., & SomowiyarjoS. (2024). Rhizophagus intraradices dan Trichoderma asperellum sebagai Bioprotektan dan Biofertilizer pada Bawang Merah TSS. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 29(2), 287-297. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.29.2.287
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