Efektivitas Bahan Pembenah Tanah pada Dinamika Fosforus dengan Perunutan Isotop 32P dan Hasil Jagung di Ultisol Jasinga

Nur  Robifahmi; Muftia  Hanani; Taufiq  Bachtiar; Anggi Nico  Flatian

doi:10.18343/jipi.29.4.653

Nur Robifahmi Pusat Riset Teknologi Proses Radiasi, Organisasi Riset Teknologi Nuklir, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Gedung 90, Kompleks Nuklir Puspiptek, Jl. Puspiptek, Muncul, Tanggerang Selatan 15314
Muftia Hanani Pusat Riset Teknologi Proses Radiasi, Organisasi Riset Teknologi Nuklir, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Gedung 90, Kompleks Nuklir Puspiptek, Jl. Puspiptek, Muncul, Tanggerang Selatan 15314
Taufiq Bachtiar Pusat Riset Lingkungan dan Teknologi Bersih, Organisasi Riset Hayati dan Lingkungan, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Kawasan Puspitek Gd. 820, Serpong 15314
Anggi Nico Flatian Pusat Riset Lingkungan dan Teknologi Bersih, Organisasi Riset Hayati dan Lingkungan, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Kawasan Puspitek Gd. 820, Serpong 15314

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.29.4.653

Abstract

Soil conditioners can accelerate the recovery of soil physical, chemical, and/or biological quality, thus optimizing soil productivity. The ³²P isotope tracing technique was used to determine the contribution of P from soil amendments in the form of lime, biochar, and compost, as well as to study their effects on P fertilization efficiency and corn yield. The treatments included lime, biochar, compost, and combinations of these three materials. The parameters analyzed were corn yield and P contribution from P sources. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of soil amendments to increase P uptake, growth, and yield of corn, as well as to determine the P contribution from lime, biochar, and compost to corn plants using the ³²P isotope tracing technique. The results on Ultisol soil from Jasinga, Bogor, showed that the combination of 3 t ha^-1 lime + 15 t ha^-1 biochar + 15 t ha^-1compost resulted in the highest grain weight of 45.942 g per plant; the contribution of P from the carrier materials to the grain of the combination of 3 t ha^-1 lime + 15 t ha^-1 biochar + 15 t ha^-1 compost was 44.945 mg per plant. In conclusion, the combination of these soil conditioners can increase P availability and corn production on Ultisol soil from Jasinga, Bogor.

Keywords: soil conditioner material, ³²P isotope tracer technique, Ultisols

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Achat DL, Sperandio M, Daumer ML, Santellani AC, Prud'homme L, Akhtar M, Morel C. 2014. Plant-availability of phosphorus recycled from pig manures and dairy effluents as assessed by isotopic labeling techniques. Geoderma. 232–234: 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.04.028.

Adhikari S, Moon E, Timms W. 2024. Identifying biochar production variables to maximise exchangeable cations and increase nutrient availability in soils. J Clean Prod. 446: 141–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141454.

Atmaja T, Madjid M, Damanik B, Mukhlis. 2017. Pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang ayam, pupuk hijau, dan kapur CaCO3 pada tanah Ultisol terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. Angew Chem Int Ed. 6(11): 951–952.

Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. 2016. Kunci Taksonomi Tanah. D Ritung, D Subardja, M Anda, H Bah, editor. Bogor (ID): Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian.

Dai Z, Zhang X, Tang C, Muhammad N, Wu J, Brookes PC, Xu J. 2017. Potential role of biochars in decreasing soil acidification: A critical review. Sci Total Environ. 581–582: 601–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.169.

Dariah A, Heryani N. 2017. Pemberdayaan lahan kering suboptimal untuk mendukung kebijakan diversifikasi dan ketahanan pangan. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan. 8(3).

Diacono M, Montemurro F. 2015. Effectiveness of organic wastes as fertilizers and amendments in salt-affected soils. Agriculture. 5(2): 221–230. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture5020221.

Elfarisna, Rahmayuni E, Gustia H. 2023. Efek amelioran pada pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung manis. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia. 28(4): 660–666. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.28.4.660.

Fitriatin BN, Yuniarti A, Turmuktini T, Ruswandi FK. 2014. The effect of phosphate solubilizing microbe producing growth regulators on soil phosphate, growth and yield of maize and fertilizer efficiency on Ultisol. Eurasia J Soil Sci. 3(2): 101.

Flatian AN, Slamet S, Citraresmini A. 2018. Perunutan serapan fosfor (p) tanaman sorgum berasal dari 2 jenis pupuk yang berbeda menggunakan teknik isotop (32P) phosphorus (P) uptake by sorghum plant derived from 2 types of p fertilizers traced by isotopic technique (32P). Jurnal Ilmiah Apl Isotop Radiasi. 14(2): 109–116. https://doi.org/10.17146/jair.2018.14.2.4529.

Herhandini DA, Suntari R, Citraresmini A. 2021. Pengaruh aplikasi biochar sekam padi dan kompos terhadap sifat kimia tanah, pertumbuhan, dan serapan fosfor tanaman jagung pada Ultisol. Jurnal Tanah Sumber Daya Lahan. 8(2): 385–394. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.2.10.

Herman W, Resigia E. 2018. Pemanfaatan biochar sekam dan kompos jerami padi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi padi (Oryza sativa) pada tanah ordo Ultisol. J Ilmiah Pertan. 15(1): 42–50. https://doi.org/10.31849/jip.v15i1.1487.

Nariratih I, Damanik MMB, Sitanggang G. 2019. Ketersediaan nitrogen pada tiga jenis tanah akibat pemberian tiga bahan organik dan serapannya pada tanaman jagung. J Onl Agroekoteknologi. 3(2): 479–488.

Kabir E, Kim KH, Kwon EE. 2023. Biochar as a tool for the improvement of soil and environment. Front Environ Sci. 11: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1324533.

Karhu K, Mattila T, Bergström I, Regina K. 2011. Biochar Addition to agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding capacity: Results from a short-term pilot field study. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 140(1–2): 309–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.005.

Kasno A. 2020. Perbaikan tanah untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi pemupukan berimbang dan produktivitas lahan kering masam. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan. 13(1): 27–40. https://doi.org/10.21082/jsdl.v13n1.2019.27-40.

Kizito S, Luo H, Lu J, Bah H, Dong R, Wu S. 2019. Role of nutrient-enriched biochar as a soil amendment during maize growth: Exploring practical alternatives to recycle agricultural residuals and to reduce chemical fertilizer demand. Sustainability. 11(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113211.

Mahmood F, Shahzad T, Khan I, Ashraf U, Hussain S, Shahid M, Abid M, Ullah S. 2017. Effects of organic and inorganic manures on maize and their residual impact on soil physico-chemical properties. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 17(1): 22–32. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162017005000002

Meena MD, Tiwari DD, Chaudhari SK, Biswas DR, Narjary B, Meena AL, Meena BL, Meena RB. 2013. Effect of biofertilizer and nutrient levels on yield and nutrient uptake by maize (Zea mays L.). Ann Agri Bio Res. 18(2): 176–181.

Ni Kadek SD, Supadma AAN, Arthagama IDM. 2013. Pengaruh pemberian biourine dan dosis pupuk anorganik (N,P,K) terhadap beberapa sifat kimia tanah pegok dan hasil tanaman bayam (Amaranthus sp.). J Agroekoteknologi Trop. 2(3): 166–174.

Nurhidayati M. 2014. Utilization of maize cob biochar and rice husk charcoal as soil amendments for improving acid soil fertility and productivity. J Degrad Mining Lands Manag. 2(1): 223–230. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2014.021.223.

Oladele SO, Adeyemo AJ, Awodun MA. 2019. Influence of Rice husk biochar and inorganic fertilizer on soil nutrients availability and rain-fed rice yield in two contrasting soils. Geoderma. 336: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.08.025.

Putri VI, Mukhlis, Hidayat B. 2017. Pemberian beberapa jenis biochar untuk memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah Ultisol dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. Agroekoteknologi. 5(4): 824–828.

Robifahmi N, Anas I, Setiadi Y, Ishak, Citraresmini A. 2020. The study of mycorrhiza ability in increasing P uptake, fertilizer efficiency and yield of sorghum on Latosol soils by using 32P isotope technique. J Ilmiah Apl Isotop Radiasi A. 16(1): 48–58.

Sarjiya A, Sahputra RD, Nuraini Y, Dewi TK. 2018. Manfaat pupuk organik hayati, kompos dan biochar pada pertumbuhan bawang merah dan pengaruhnya terhadap biokimia tanah pada percobaan pot menggunakan tanah Ultisol. J Biol Indones. 14(2): 243–250. https://doi.org/10.47349/jbi/14022018/243

Sarwono H. 2007. Ilmu Tanah. Jakarta (ID): Akademika Pressindo.

Sofyan R, Suryani E, Subardja D, Sukarman, Nugroho K, Suparto, Hikmatullah, Mulyani A, Tafakresnanto C, Sulaeman Y, Subandiono RE, Wahyunto, Ponidi, Prasodjo N, Suryana U, Hidayat H, Priyono A, Supriatna W. 2015. Sumber Daya Lahan Pertanian Indonesia. Edisi ke-20. E Husen, F Agus, D Nursyamsi, editor. Jakarta (ID): IAARD Press.

Subowo G. 2012. Pemberdayaan sumberdaya hayati tanah untuk rehabilitasi tanah Ultisol terdegradasi. J Sumberd Lahan. 6(2): 79–88.

Sudratt N, Faiyue B. 2023. Biochar mitigates combined effects of soil salinity and saltwater intrusion on rice (Oryza sativa L.) by regulating ion uptake. Agronomy. 13(3): xx-yy. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030815.

Sukarman, Dariah A. 2018. Tanah Andisol Di Indonesia: Karakteristik, Potensi, Kendala, dan Pengelolaannya untuk Pertanian. penerbit?

Syahputra E, Fauzi, Razali. 2015. Karakteristik sifat kimia sub grup tanah Ultisol di beberapa wilayah Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi. 4(1): 1796–1803.

Teixeira WG, Steiner C, Martins GC, Arruda MR. 2014. Charcoal (biochar) as soil conditioner to enhance fertilizers and water use efficiency in agriculture in acid tropical soils in the Central Amazon Basin. Dalam: World Fertilizer Congress of CIEC. Rio de Janeiro: CIEC. hlm. 346-349.

Toro M, Azcon R, Barea J. 1997. Improvement of Arbuscular mycorrhiza development by inoculation of soil with phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria to improve rock phosphate bioavailability ( 32 P ) and nutrient cycling. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 63(11): 4408–4412. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.11.4408-4412.1997

Vici IP, Mukhlis, Hidayat B. 2017. Pemberian beberapa jenis biochar untuk memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah Ultisol dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. Agroekoteknologi. 5(4): 824–828.

Ye G, Lin Y, Luo J, Di HJ, Lindsey S, Liu D, Fan J, Ding W. 2020. Responses of soil fungal diversity and community composition to long-term fertilization: Field experiment in an acidic Ultisol and literature synthesis. Appl Soil Ecol. 145: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.06.008.