Nutrition Value and Phytochemical Screening of Gembolo (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) Bulbils and Tubers from Bogor, West Java
Abstract
Gembolo is often cultivated in tropical areas, mainly for its bulbils (edible aerial bulbs) and tubers. This study will discuss the nutritional value and phytochemical screening of gembolo bulbils and tubers from Bogor, West Java. There is still little information and publication about this gembolo bulbils and tubers. In addition, to reintroduce and preserve this rare plant. The research was done by exploration, direct observation, and interview, followed by laboratory analysis and literature. The methods used in the proximate analysis include moisture content (AOAC), ash content (gravimetric), fat content (soxhlet), protein content (Kjeldahl), fibre (gravimetry), and carbohydrates as starch (titrimetry). Phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively. The proximate test results showed that bulbils had higher water, fat, and fibre content than bottom tubers. Bottom tubers have higher ash, protein, and carbohydrates as starch content than bulbils. This confirms the assumption that bottom tubers are more recommended as a source of food than bulbils and because of their larger size than bulbils. The results of phytochemical screening showed that both bulbils and gembolo bottom tubers contained the same chemical compounds, namely alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and glycosides.
Keywords: bulbil, Dioscorea, gembolo, proximate, tuber
Downloads
References
Abe I. 2007. Enzymatic synthesis of cyclic triterpenes. Natural Product Reports. 24: 1311‒1331. https://doi.org/10.1039/b616857b.
Anandpara RC, Tirgar PR. 2017. Investigation of therapeutics benefits of Dioscorea bulbifera in breast cancer. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 9(6): 313‒326.
Anona CA, Ezeabara, Regina O. 2018. Comparative analyses of phytochemical and nutritional compositions of four species of Dioscorea. Acta Scientific Nutritional Health. 2(7): 90–94.
Cunniff PA. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists International (AOAC). 16th ed. AOAC International. Arlington Virginia USA.
Bhandari MR, Kawabata J. 2005. Bitterness and toxicity in wild yam (Dioscorea spp.) tubers of Nepal. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 60(3): 129–135. [Internet]. Cyted from http://springerlink. metapress.com/link.asp? id=102980. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11130-005-6841-1. On June 28, 2021.
Bohé L, Crich D. 2014. Synthesis of Glycosides A2- Comprehensive Organic Synthesis II. 2nd ed. pp: 1-33. Editors-in-Chief: Paul Knochel, Gary A Molander. Elsevier 2014. Amsterdam, Boston, Heidelberg, London, New York, Oxford, Paris, San Diego, San Francisco, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo.
Cannell RJP. 1998. Natural Products Isolation. New Jersey (US): Human Press Inc. pp. 165–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-256-2.
Cogne AL. 2002. Phytochemical investigation of plants used in African traditional medicine: Dioscorea sylvatica (Dioscoreaceae), Urginea altissima (Liliaceae), Jamesbrittenia fodina and Jamesbrittenia elegantissima (Scrophulariaceae). 208.
Fitriana. 2019. Pelatihan analisa proksimat. [Internet]. [Internet]. Cyted from Lppt.ugm.ac.id/ 2019/02/14/pelatihan-analisa-proksimat. On June 12, 2021. Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengujian Terpadu, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Ghosh S. 2015. Phytochemsitry and therapeutic potential of medicinal plant: Dioscorea bulbifera. Medicinal Chemistry. 5(4): 160–172. https://doi.org/ 10.4172/2161-0444
Hostettmann K, Marston A. 2005. Saponins. Cambridge (US): Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-369397-7/00548-3
Global Invasive Species Database. 2022. Species profile: Dioscorea bulbifera. [internet]. Diakses pada 18 Juli 2022. Tersedia pada: http:// www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1220.
Ikiriza H, Ogwang PE, Peter EL, Hedmon O, Tolo CU, Abubaker M, Abdalla AAM. 2019. Dioscorea bulbifera, a highly threatened African medicinal plant, a review. Cogent Biology. 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1631561.
Kankolongo AM. 2018. Root and Tuber Crops in Food Crop Production by Smallholder Farmers in Southern Africa. Cyted from https://www. sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/dioscorea-bulbifera. On Sept 25, 2021.
Khanbabaee K, Ree Tv. 2001. Tannins: Classification and definition. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Natural Product Report. 2001(6): 641–649. https://doi.org/10.1039/b101061l.
Khattak S, Khan H 2018 Phyto-glycosides as therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetes. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 18(3): 208‒215. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389557516666160909112751.
Langeland KA, Cherry HM, McCormick CM, Craddock Burks KA. 2008. Identification and Biology of Non-native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. Gainesville. Florida (US): University of Florida IFAS Extension.
Lee YK, Yuk DY, Lee JW, Lee SY, Ha TY, Oh KW, Yun YP, Hong JT. 2009. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced elevation of β-amyloid generation and memory deficiency. Brain Research 1250: 164–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2008.10.012.
Mahtuti, Yohani E. 2004. Pengaruh Daya Antimikroba Asam Tanat terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella typhi Secara In Vitro: Penelitian Eksperimental 14 Etnomedisin dan Etnofarmakologi Tinjauan Pemanfaatan Tradisional dan Potensi Medis Laboratoris. [Thesis]. Surabaya (ID): Post Graduate Airlangga University.
Manandhar NP. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Portland (US): Timber Press.
Mizuki I, Takahashi A. 2009. Secondary dispersal of Dioscorea japonica (Dioscoreaceae) bulbils by rodents. Journal of Forest Research. 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-008-0106-4.
Nam HS, Cho SS, Kim CJ. 2006. The effects of Dioscorea bulbifera L. on hyperthyroidism of rats. Journal of Korean Oriental Medicine. 27(3): 179–187.
Oboh G, Akindahunsi AA, Ekperigin MM. 2001. Studies on the steroid hormone precursors of two tropical wild yams (Dioscorea bulbifera and Dioscorea manganotiana). Preprint: Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization International Atomic Energy Agency.
Okeke EC, Eneobong HN, Uzuegbunam AO, Ozioko AO, Kuhnlein H. 2008. Igbo traditional food system: Documentation, uses and research needs. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 7(2): 365–376. https:// doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2008.365.376.
Otoo E, Opoku Agyeman M, Dansi A, Aboagye LM, Acheremu K, Tetteh JP. 2015. Increasing farmers and breeders access to yam (Dioscorea Spp) Diversity: The case of forest-savannah transition agroecology. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 10(8): 772–782. https://doi.org/ 10.5897/AJAR
Ovando AC, Hernandez MDLP, Hernandez MEP, Rodriguez JA, Vidal CAG. 2009. Chemical studies of anthocyanins: a review. Food Chemistry (113): 859–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem. 2008.09.001
Pokorny J. 2007. Are natural antioxidants better and safer than synthetic antioxidant. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 109 (6): 629642. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200700064
Sahore AD and Amani NG. 2013. Cooking in the water effect on some wild yam species tuber. International Journal of Education and Research. 1(2).
Sandoval JR, Ackerman JD, Tremblay RL. 2020. Island biogeography of native and alien plant species: contrasting drivers of diversity across the Lesser Antilles. Diversity and Distribution. 26(11): 1539‒1550. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13139
Shajeela PS, Mohan VR, Louis Jesudas L, Tresina Soris P. 2011. Antifertility acitivity of ethanol extract of Dioscorea esculenta (L.) schott on male albino rats. International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN. 3(2): 946–954.
Sharma LN, Bastakoti R. 2009. Ethnobotany of Dioscorea L. with emphasis on food value in chepang communities in Dhading District, Central Nepal. Journal of Plant Science. 6(2009): 12–17. https://doi.org/10.3126/botor.v6i0.2905
Sparg SG, Light ME, van Staden J. 2004. Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 94 (2‒3): 219–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.016
Summons RE, Bradley AS, Jahnke LL, Waldbauer JR. 2006. Steroids, triterpenoids and molecular oxygen. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 361: 951–968. https:// doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1837
Tang HF, Cheng G, Wu J, Chen XL, Zhang SY, Wen AD, Lin HW. 2009. Cytotoxic asterosaponins capable of promoting polymerization of tubulin from the starfish Culcita novaeguineae. Journal of Natural Products. 72(2): 284–289. https://doi.org/ 10.1021/np8004858
Tantillo DJ. 2011. Biosynthesis via carbocations: Theoretical studies on terpene formation. Natural Product Reports. 28: 1035–1053. https://doi.org/ 10.1039/c1np00006c
Tapondjou LA, Jenett-Siems K, Böttger S, Melzig MF. 2013. Steroidal saponins from the flowers of Dioscorea bulbifera Var. sativa. Phytochemistry. 95. 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem. 2013.07.020
Trimanto, Hapsari L. 2015. Diversity and utilization of Dioscorea spp.tuber as altern ative food source in Nganjuk Regency, East Java. Agrivita. 37(2). https://doi.org/10.17503/Agrivita-2015-37-2-p097-107
USDA ARS-GRIN. 2012. United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. The Germplasm Resources Information Network. Online Database. Beltsville, Maryland, USA (US): National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx.
VAL202. 2015. Dioscorea bulbifera. [Internet]. Diakses pada 26 Agustus 2021. Tersedia pada: https://hyattractions.wordpress.com/2015/11/18/dioscorea-bulbifera/.
Van Dyck S, Gerbaux P, Flammang P. 2010. Qualitative and quantitative saponin contents in five sea cucumbers from the Indian Ocean. Mar Drugs 8: 173–189. https://doi.org/10.3390/md8010173
Vincken JP, Heng L, de Groot A, Gruppen H. 2007. Saponins, classification and occurrence in the plant kingdom. Phytochemistry 68: 275–297. The Phytochemical Society of Europe. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.10.008
Yao LH, Jiang YM, Shi J, Tom´as-Barber´an FA, Datta N, Singanusong R, Chen SS. 2004. Flavonoids in food and their health benefits. Plant Foods Human Nutr. 59(3): 113–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11130-004-0049-7
This journal is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
View JIPI StatsCounter
