Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from Sand Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra)

Gita Syahputra; Hariyatun Hariyatun; Muhammad  Firdaus; Pugoh  Santoso

doi:10.18343/jipi.26.3.319

Gita Syahputra Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia 16911
Hariyatun Hariyatun Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia 16911
Muhammad Firdaus Balai Bio Industri Laut, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Pemenangan, Lombok Utara, Indonesia 83352
Pugoh Santoso Biosafety Level 3 and Clean Room Laboratory, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia 16911

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.3.319

Abstract

Sand sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) is an aquatic product that belongs to Echinodermata, a habitant in almost all Indonesian seas. The main component of the sea cucumber is protein, one of which is collagen. This study aimed to extract and characterize collagen from the species using the acid-base extraction method. The characterization of sea cucumber collagen includes molecular weight, amino acid components, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. This study has successfully extracted collagen from the sample using an extraction system: NaOH 0.1 M; CH₃COOH 0.1 M; and distilled water under 45°C treatments, gave 6% yield. The collagen has a molecular weight 110-130 kDa. Based on the infrared spectra, the specific functional groups of the collagen are amide A (3379.29 cm^-1), amide B (2924.09 cm^-1), amide I (1681.93 cm^-1), amide II (1560.41 cm^-1), and amide III (1249.87 cm^-1). The collagen falls into type I. We suggest an alternative resource of collagen from sand sea cucumber, other than poultry and mammals.

Keywords: characterization, collagen, extraction, fishery, sand sea cucumber

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdillah S, Wijiyanti G, Setiawan M, Noor SU, Nurilmala M. 2017. In vitro anti-tyrosinase and anti-elastase activity of collagen from sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota). African Journal of Biotechnology. 16(15). https://doi.org/10.5897/ AJB2016.15655

Abedin MZ, Karim AA, Latiff AA, Gan CY, Ghazali FC, Barzideh Z, Ferdosh S, Akanda MJH, Zzaman W, Karim MR, Sarker MZI. 2014. Biochemical and radical-scavenging properties of sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus) collagen hydrolysates. Natural Product Research. 28(16): 13021305. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.900617

Adibzadeh N, Aminzadeh S, Jamili S, Karkhane AA, Farrokhi N. 2014. Purification and characterization of pepsin-solubilized collagen from skin of sea cucumber Holothuria parva. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 173: 143154 https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12010-014-0823-4

Alhana, Suptijah P, Tarman K. 2015. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen dari daging teripang gamma. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 18(2): 150161. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.2015.18.2.150

Alves AL, Marques AL, Martins E, Silva TH, Reis RL. 2017. Cosmetic potential of marine fish skin collagen. Cosmetics. 4(4): 39. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/cosmetics4040039

Benedetto CD, Barbaglio A, Martinello T, Alongi V, Fassini D, Cullorà E, Patruno M, Bonasoro F, Barbosa MA, Carnevali MD, Sugni M. 2014. Production, characterization and biocompatibility of marine collagen matrices from an alternative and sustainable source: the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Marine Drugs. 12(9): 49124933. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12094912

Bermueller C, Schwarz S, Elsaesser AF, Sewing J, Baur, N, von Bomhard A, Scheithauer M, Notbohm H, Rotter N. 2013. Marine collagen scaffolds for nasal cartilage repair: prevention of nasal septal perforations in a new orthotopic rat model using tissue engineering techniques. Tissue Engineering Part A. 19(19-20): 22012214. https:// doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0650

Cheng X, Shao Z, Li C, Yu L, Raja MA, Liu C. 2017. Isolation, characterization and evaluation of collagen from jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye for use in hemostatic applications. PloS ONE. 12(1): e0169731. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0169731

Coates J. 2006. Interpretation of infrared spectra, a practical approach. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027 318.a5606

Cui FX, Xue CH, Li ZJ, Zhang YQ, Dong P, Fu XY, Gao X. 2007. Characterization and subunit composition of collagen from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Food Chemistry. 100: 11201125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem. 2005.11.019

Doyle BB, Bendit EG, Blout ER. 1975. Infrared spectroscopy of collagen and collagen-like polypeptides. Biopolymers. 14(5): 937957. https:// doi.org/10.1002/bip.1975.360140505

Fawzya YN, Chasanah E, Poernomo A, Khirzin MH. 2016. Isolasi dan karakterisasi parsial kolagen dari teripang gamma (Stichopus variegatus). JPB Kelautan da Perikanan. 11(1): 91100. https:// doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v11i1.284

Fontaine-Vive F, Merzel F, Johnson MR, Kearley GJ. 2009. Collagen and component polypeptides: Low frequency and amide vibrations. Chemical Physics. 355(2-3): 141148. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.chemphys.2008.12.005

Friess W. 1998. Collagen-biomaterial for drug delivery. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. 45(2): 113136. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0939-6411(98)00017-4

Gianto G, Putri RMS, Suhandana M. 2018. Pengaruh waktu perendaman dan konsentrasi asam asetat terhadap rendemen kolagen teripang emas (Stichoupus horrens). [Internet]. [diunduh 2019 Oktober 23] Tersedia pada: http:// repository.umrah.ac.id/280/1/KARYA%20ILMIAH.pdf.

Gómez-Guillén MC, Turnay J, Fernández-Dı́az MD, Ulmo N, Lizarbe MA, Montero P. 2002. Structural and physical properties of gelatin extracted from different marine species: a comparative study. Food Hydrocolloids. 16(1): 2534. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0268-005X(01)00035-2

Hardyanti STK. 2014. Isolasi kolagen dari kulit ikan patin (Pangasius sp.). [Skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Khiari Z, Ndagijimana M, Betti M. 2014. Low molecular weight bioactive peptides derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen after isoelectric solubilization/precipitation process of turkey by-products. Poultry Science. 93(9): 23472362. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2014-03953

Khiari Z, Rico D, Martin-Diana AB, Barry-Ryan C. 2011. The extraction of gelatin from mackerel (Scomber scombrus) heads with the use of different organic acids. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com. 5(1): 5263. https://doi.org/10.3153/jfscom.2011007

Khiari Z, Rico D, Martin-Diana AB, Barry-Ryan C. 2013. Comparison between gelatines extracted from mackerel and blue whiting bones after different pretreatments. Food Chemistry. 139: 347354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.017

Khirzin MH, Sukarno, Yuliana ND, Susanti LY, Chasanah E, Fawziya YN. 2016. Collagen from sea cucumber (Stichopus variegatus) as an alternative source of halal collagen. Proceeding of the 1st International Basic Science Conference (IBSC): Towards the extended use of basic science for enhancing health, environment, energy and biotechnology. 111113. ISBN: 978-602-60569-5-5.

Kong J, Yu S. 2007. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of protein secondary structures. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica. 39(8): 549559. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00320.x

Laemmli UK. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 227(5259): 680685. https:// doi.org/10.1038/227680a0

Li PH, Lu WC, Chan YJ, Ko WC, Jung CC, Huynh DTL, Ji YX. 2019. Extraction and characterization of collagen from sea cucumber (Holothuria cinerascens) and its potential application in moisturizing cosmetics. Aquaculture. 515: 734590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734590

Lin S, Xue YP, San E, Keong TC, Chen L, Zheng YG. 2017. Extraction and characterization of pepsin soluble collagen from the body wall of sea cucumber Acaudina leucoprocta. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology. 26(5): 502515. https://doi.org/10.1080/10498850.2016.1222560

Matmaroh K, Benjakul S, Prodpran T, Encarnacion AB, Kishimura H. 2011. Characteristics of acid soluble collagen and pepsin soluble collagen from scale of spotted golden goatfish (Parupeneus heptacanthus). Food chemistry. 129(3): 11791186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.099

Muthumari K, Anand M, Maruthupandy M. 2016. Collagen extract from marine finfish scales as a potential mosquito larvicide. The Protein Journal. 35(6): 391400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-016-9685-7

Nagai T, Nagamori K, Yamashita E, Suzuki N. 2002. Collagen of octopus Callistoctopus arakawai arm. 37(3): 285289. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2621.2002.00568.x

Nauli AP. 2019. Isolasi dan karakterisasi residu kolagen melalui proses perendaman metanol dan air dari teripang (Paracaudina australis). [Thesis]. Surabaya (ID): Universitas Airlangga.

Ram R. 2017. Influence of processing techniques on quality and nutritional composition of the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. [Thesis]. Australia (AU): James Cook University.

Sadowska M, Kołodziejska I, Niecikowska C. 2003. Isolation of collagen from the skins of Baltic cod (Gadus morhua). Food Chemistry. 81(2): 257262. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00420-X

Safithri M, Setyaningsih I, Tarman K, Suptijah P, Yuhendri VM, Meydia. 2018. Potensi kolagen teripang emas sebagai inhibitor tirosinase. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perairan Indonesia. 21(2): 295303. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v21i2. 23085

Saito M, Kunisaki N, Urano N, Kimura S. 2002. Collagen as the major edible component of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus). Journal of Food Science. 67(4): 13191322. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb10281.x

Senadheera TR, Dave D, Shahidi F. 2020. Sea cucumber derived type I collagen: A comprehensive review. Marine Drugs. 18(9): 471. https:// doi.org/10.3390/md18090471

Siahaan EA, Pangestu R, Munandar H, Kim SK. 2017. Review cosmeceuticals properties of sea cucumbers: prospects and trends. Cosmetics. 4(26): 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics 4030026

Siddiqui YD, Arief EM, Yusoff A, Hamid SSA, Norani TY, Abdullah MYS. 2013a. Extraction, purification and physical characterization of collagen from body wall of sea cucumber Bohadschia bivitatta. Health and the Environment Journal. 4(2): 5365.

Siddiqui YD, Arief EM, Yusoff A, Suzina AH, Abdullah SY. 2013b. Isolation of pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) from crude collagen extracted from body wall of sea cucumber (Bohadschia spp.). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 5(2): 555559.

Tan CC, Karim AA, Latiff AA, Gan CY, Ghazali FC. 2013. Extraction and characterization of pepsin-solubilized collagen from the body wall of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci). International Food Research Journal. 20(6): 30133020.

Wang Y, Tian M, Chang Y, Xue C, Li Z. 2020. Investigation of structural proteins in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) body wall. Scientific Reports. 10: 18744. https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41598-020-75580-x

Woo JW, Yu SJ, Cho SM, Lee YB, Kim SB. 2008. Extraction, optimization and properties of collagen from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) dorsal skin. Food Hydrocolloids. 22(5): 879887. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2007.04.015

Wulandari. 2016. Karakterisasi fisikokimia kolagen yang diisolasi dengan metode hidro-ekstraksi dan stabilisasi nanokolagen kulit ikan gabus (Channa striata). [Skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Zhong M, Chen T, Hu C, Ren C. 2015. Isolation and characterization of collagen from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus monotuberculatus. Journal of Food Science. 80(4): C6719.