Evaluasi Produktivitas Padi Transgenik Rojolele yang Potensial Tahan Penggerek Batang Padi Kuning Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk
Abstract
Rice yellow stem borer (YSB, Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk) is one of the most damaging rice pests in Indonesia, especially in rice growing centers in West Java. Because there is no source of resistance genes in rice or its close relatives, resistant improvement by genetic engineering is one strategy to obtain resistant rice cultivar. Previously, the cryIB::cryIAa fusion gene from Bacillus thuringiensis has been introduced into the Rojolele variety to obtain 6 transgenic rice events resistant to YSB (X22, U10, W3, Y7, Q20, and P8) and has been tested for resistance in greenhouses. This study was aimed to evaluate the transgenic rice productivity carried out in a confined field trial in field station belonging to the Center for Rice Research in Sukamandi, Subang, West Java. The procedure for the field testing followed the 1998 Guidelines for Biosafety Testing of Agricultural Biotechnology Products: Plant Seri by the Ministry of Agriculture. The parameters observed were agronomic characters (plant height, number of tillers, and number of panicles) and yield components (number of filled grains per panicle, number of empty grains per panicle, panicle length, and weight of 1000 grains). The yield was also measured by dry grain yield. The results indicated that the performance were varied among the 6 events tested. Rice events X22, W3, Y7, and P8 showed agronomic characteristics and yield components resembled Rojolele varieties, and performed well under field condition. X22 and W3 showed closest resemblance to Rojolele in terms of yield potential.
Keywords: confined field trial, cryIB::cryIAa, production, rice yellow stem borrer, rojolele rice, transgenic
Downloads
References
Aribawa 2012. Pengaruh sistem tanam terhadap peningkatan produktivitas padi di lahan sawah dataran tinggi beriklim basah. Denpasar (ID): Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Bali.
Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi. 2010. Mengendalikan hama penggerek batang kuning dengan perangkap berferomon. Informasi Ringkas [Internet]. [diunduh 2017 Agustus 10]. Tersedia http://pustaka.litbang.deptan.go.id/bppi/lengkap/bpp10050.pdf
Bashir K, Tayyab H, Tahira F, Zakia L, Syed AM, Riazuddin S. 2004. Field evaluation and risk assessment of transgenic indica basmati rice. Molecular Breeding. 13: 301–312. https:// doi.org/10.1023/B:MOLB.0000034078.54872.25
Cohen MB. 2000. Bt rice : Practical steps to sustainable use. International Rice Research Notes. 25(2): 4–10.
Dale PJ, McPartlan HC. 1992. Field performance of transgenic potato plants compared with controls regenerated from tuber discs and shoot cuttings. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 84: 585–591. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00224156
Kementerian Pertanian.1998. Pedoman pelaksanaan pengujian keamanan hayati produk bioteknologi pertanian hasil rekayasa genetik seri ikan, seri tanaman. Jakarta (ID).
Estiati A, Rahmawati S, Astuti D, Loedin IHS. 2007. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of javanica rice plants with cry 1B gene under the control of wound-inducible gene promoter. Annales Bogoriensis. 11(1): 1–7.
Ghareyazie B, Alinia F, Menguito CA, Rubia LG, De Palma JM, Liwanag EAa, Cohen MB, Khush GS, Bennet J. 1997. Enhanced resistance to two stem borer in an aromatic rice containing a synthetic cry IA(b) gene. Molecular Breeding. 3: 401–414. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009695324100
Gomez AK, Gomez AA. 2010. Prosedur Statistika untuk Penelitian Pertanian Edisi Kedua. Penerjemah: Endang Sjamsuddin dan Justika S. Baharsjah. Jakarta (ID): Universitas Indonesia Press.
Ho HN, Niranjan B, Norman O, Karabi D, Roger F, Swapan KD. 2006. Translation fusion hybrid genes confer resistance against yellow stem borer in transgenic elite vietnamase rice (L.) cultivar. Crops Scince. 46: 781–789. https://doi.org/10.2135/ cropsci2005.06-0111
Husna Y, Ardian. 2010.Pengaruh penggunaan jarak tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi padi sawah (Oryza sativa L.) varietas IR 42 dengan metode SRI (System of Rice Intensification). SAGU. 9(1): 21–27.
Lemaux PG. 2006. Introduction to genetic modification. Agricultural Biotechnology in Californiaseries. 8178. California (US): ANR Publication.
Rahmawati S, Slamet-Loedin IH. 2006. Intriduksi gen cry1B-cry1Aa ke dalam genom tanaman cv. Rojolele menggunakan transformasi Agrobacterium. Hayati. 13: 19–25. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S1978-3019(16)30374-6
Salm VT, Bosch D, Honee G, Feng I, Munsterman E, Bakker P, Stiekema WJ, Visser B. 1994. Insect resistant of transgenic plants that express modified Cry 1A(b) and Cry 1C genes : a resistant management strategy. Plant Molecular Biology. 26: 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00039519
Tu J, Zhang G, Datta K, Xu C, He Y, Zhang Q, Khush GS, Datta SK. 2000. Field performance of transgenic elite commercial hybrid rice expressing Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin. Nature Biotechnology. 18: 1101–1104. https://doi.org/10.1038/80310
Usyati N, Damayanti B, Syafrida W, Purnama H, Loedin IHS. 2009. Keefektivan padi transgenik terhadap hama penggerek batang padi kuning Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera : Crambidae). Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia. 6(1): 30–41. https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.6.1.30
Wahyuti TB. 2012. Hubungan karakter morfologi dan fisiologi dengan hasil dan upaya meningkatkan hasil padi varietas unggul. [Disertasi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Wangiyana W, Laiwan Z, Sanisah. 2009. Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Padi Varietas Ciherang dengan Teknik Budidaya “SRI (system of rice intensification)” pada Berbagai Umur dan Jumlah Bibit per Lubang Tanam. Crop Agro. 2(1): 70–78.
Wu C, Y Fan, C Zhang, N Oliva, SK Datta. 1997. Transgenic fertile japonica rice plant expression a modified cryIA(b) gene resistant to yellow stem borer. Plant Cell Report. 17: 129–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002990050365
Xu C, Cheng J, Lin H, Lin C, Gao J, Shen Z. 2018. Characterization of transgenic rice expressing fusion protein Cry1Ab/Vip3A for insect resistance. Scientific Reports. 8: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41598-018-34104-4
Yao W, Ruan M, Qin L, Yang C, Chen R, Chen B Zhang M. 2017. Field Performance of Transgenic Sugarcane Lines Resistant to Sugarcane Mosaic Virus. Frontier in Plant Science. 104(8): 1–9. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00104
Ye GY, Jumin T, Cui H, Datta K, Datta SK. 2001. Transgenic IR72 with fused Bt gene cry 1A(b)/cry 1A(c) from Bacillus thuringiensis is resistant againt four lepidoptera species under field condition. Plant Biotechnol. 18: 125–133. https://doi.org/10.5511/ plantbiotechnology.18.125
Yu H, Liu Q, XU L, Lu M, Cai X, Gong Z, Yi C , Wang Z, Gu M. 2009. Breeding and Field Performance of Novel Soft and Waxy Transgenic Rice Lines Without Selectable Marker. Acta Agronomica Sinica. 35(6): 967–973. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S1875-2780(08)60084-X
This journal is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.