Identifikasi Kesesuaian Genotipe Kedelai untuk Tumpang Sari dengan Ubi Kayu
Abstract
Intercropping is a modification of crop arrangements that can provide significant improvements in yields, with minimal labor investment. Increased productivity in soybean intercropping with cassava can be achieved through the use of suitable soybean genotypes for intercropping, as each genotype shows different responses to intercropping. The research aimed to identify the suitability of soybean genotypes for intercropping with cassava based on yield and land productivity assessed by the land equivalent ratio (LER). The research in 2016 was conducted at Kendalpayak Station Research, Malang, using a split plot design, repeated three times. The main plot is fifty-five soybean genotypes (50 promising lines and five control varieties, namely: Argopuro, Panderman, Dena 1, Dena 2, and Grobogan), and the sub plot is cropping systems (monoculture and intercropping). The results showed that intercropping of soybean with cassava caused soybean plants to experience shade stress, with shade rate of 62-90, 43-77, and 0-40% respectively for first, second and third-row positions. There are six soybean genotypes suitable for intercropping with cassava, Grob/Argom313-2, Grob/Pander395-3, Grob/Pander405-3, Grob/Pander428-1, Grob/Pander429-2, and Grob/IAC439-2, with an LER value of ≥1.8 which is a 10% selection limit to LER. Four combinations of them (Grob/Pander395-3, Grob/Pander405-3, Grob/Pander428-1, and Grob IAC439-2) provide an increase in cassava yields between 7.7-19.7% and reduction of soybean yields between 21.4-38.5%. While the two combinations other (Grob/Argom313-2 and Grob/Pander429-2) provide a reduction of cassava yields by 1.4 and 8.5% and reduction of soybean yield by 23.5 and 7.1%.
Downloads
References
Adeniyan ON, Ayoola OT, Ogunleti DO. 2011. Evaluation of cowpea cultivars under maize and maize-cassava based intercropping systems. African Journal of Plant Science. 5(10): 570-574.
Afandi M, Mawarni L, Syukri. 2015. Respons pertumbuhan dan produksi empat varietas kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) terhadap tingkat naungan. Jurnal Online Agroteknologi. 1(2): 214-226.
Amanullah MM, Somasundaram E, Vaiyapuri K, Sathyamoorthi K. 2007. Intercropping in cassava: a review. Agricultural reviews-agricultural research communications Centre India. 28(3): 179-187.
[Balitkabi] Balai Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi. 2016. Teknologi produksi kedelai, kacang tanah, kacang hijau, ubikayu, dan ubi jalar. Malang (ID): Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Kementerian Pertanian.
Chairudin, Efendi, Sabaruddin. 2015. Dampak naungan terhadap perubahan karakter agronomi dan morfo-fisiologi daun pada tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Journal Floratek. 10: 26-35.
Dahmardeh M, Ghanbari A, Syahsar BA, Ramrodi M. 2010. The role of intercropping maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpe (Vigna unguiculata L.) on yield and soil chemical properties. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 5(8): 631-636.
De Bruin JL, Pedersen P. 2009. Growth, yield, and yield component changes among old and new soybean cultivars. Journal of Agronomy. 101(1): 124-130. http://doi.org/bjd2nq
Ennin SA, Dapaah HK. 2008. Legumes in sustainable maize and cassava cropping systems in Ghana. Agricultural and. Food Science. Journal of Ghana. 7(1): 519-540.
Fernandez AM, Sillero JC, Rubiales D. 2007. Intercropping with cereals reduces infection be Orobanchecrenatain legumes. Crop Protection. 26(8): 1166-1172. http://doi.org/fvp6td
Hidoto L, Loha G. 2013. Identification of suitable legumes in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)-legumes intercropping. African Journal of Agricultural. 8(21): 2559-2562.
Ijoyah MO, Bwala RI, Iheadindueme CA. 2012. Response of cassava, maize and melon in a three crop intercropping system at Makurdi, Nigeria. International Journal of Development and Sustainability. 1: 135-144.
Kantolic AG, Peralta GE, Slafer GA. 2013. Seed number responses to extended photoperiod and shading during reproductive stages in indeterminate soybean. European Journal of Agronomy. 51: 91-100. http://doi.org/f5djtr
Karamoy L. 2009. Relationship between climate and soybean growth. Soil Environment. 7(1): 65-68.
Li L, Sun J, Zhang F, Guo T, Bao X, Smith FA, Smith SE. 2006. Root distribution and interactions between intercropped species. Oecologia. 147(2): 280-290. http://doi.org/cqwngf
Lithourgidis AS, Dordas CA, Damalas CA, Vlachostergios DN. 2011. Annual intercrops: an alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 5(4): 396-410.
Liu B, Liu XB, Wang C, Li YS, Jin J Herbert SJ. 2010. Soybean yield and yield component distribution across the main axis in response to light enrichment and shading under different densities. Plant Soil Environment. 56(8): 384-392. http://doi.org/cmkx
Makinde, EA, Saka JO, Makinde JO. 2007. Economic evaluation of soil fertility management options on cassava-based cropping systems in the rain forest ecological zone of South Western Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2(1): 7-13.
Mbah EU, Ogidi E. 2012. Effect of soybean plant population on yield and productivity of cassava and soybean grown in a cassava based intercropping system. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems. 15(2): 241-248.
Muoneke CO, Ogwuche MAO, Kalu BA. 2007. Effect of maize planting density on the performance of maize/soybean intercropping system in a guinea savannah agro ecosystem. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2(12): 667-677.
Mucheru-Muna M, Pypers P, Mugendi D, Kung’u J, Mugwe J, Merckx R, Vanlauwe B. 2010. A staggered maize–legume intercrop arrangement robustly increases crop yields and economic returns in the highlands of Central Kenya. Field Crops Research. 115(2): 132-139. http://doi.org/djzn2k
Njoku DN, Afuape SO, Ebeniro CN. 2010. Growth and yield of cassava as influenced by grain cowpea population density in Southeastern Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 5(20): 2778-2781.
Oguzor NS. 2007. Yield characteristics and growth of cassava–soybean intercropping. Agricultural Journal. 2(3): 348-350.
Polthanee A, Promsaena K, Laoken A. 2011. Influence of low light intensity on growth and yield of four soybean cultivars during wet and dry seasons of Northeast Thailand. Agricultural Sciences. 2(2): 61-67. http://doi.org/c4hnr6
Pypers P, Sanginga JM, Kasereka B, Walangululu M, Vanlauwe B. 2011. Increased productivity through integrated soil fertility management in cassava–legume intercropping systems in the highlands of Sud-Kivu, D.R Congo. Field Crops Research. 120(1): 76-85. http://doi.org/d4qvbb
Rahmasari DA, Sudiarso, Sebayang HT. 2016. Pengaruh jarak tanam dan waktu tanam kedelai terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai (Glycine max) pada baris antar tebu (Saccharum officinarum L). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman. 4(5): 392-398.
Rifai A, Basuki S, Utomo B. 2014. Nilai kesetaraan lahan budi daya tumpang sari tanaman tebu dengan kedelai: Studi kasus di Desa Karangharjo, Kecamatan Sulang, Kabupaten Rembang. Widyariset. 17: 59-69.
Salau AW, Olasantan FO, Bodunde JG. 2012. Effects of time of introducing okra on crop growth and yield in a cassava-okra intercrop. Nigerian Journal Horticultural Science. 17: 57-67.
Tsay, JS, Fukai S, Wilson GL. 1988. Intercropping cassava with soybean cultivars of varying maturities. Field Crops Research. 19(3): 211-225. http://doi.org/bbcfcs
Umeh SI, Eze SC, Eze EL, Ameh GI. 2012. Nitrogen fertilization and use efficiency in an intercrop system of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). African Jornal Biotechnology. 11(41): 9753-9757.
Yadollahi P, Abad ARB, Khaje M, Reza M. 2014. Effect of intercropping on weed control in sustainable agriculture. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 7(10): 683-686.
This journal is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
View JIPI StatsCounter
