Indonesian Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship
Indonesian Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship (IJBE) publishes information of empirical research and reviews in business and entrepreneurship. IJBE is published by School of Business, Bogor Agricultural University (SB-IPB) associated with Indonesian Alliance of Magister Management Program (APMMI). IJBE was first published at the beginning of 2015 with three issue per year in January, May, and September. Editor receives articles of empirical research and reviews in business and entrepreneurship. IJBE is a peer reviewed journal that has been Accredited by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education Number 32a/E/KPT/2017 which is valid for 5 (five) years since enacted on 26 April 2017. Base on Directorate General of Research and Development Strengthening, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia No 30/E/KPT/2018 IJBE get ranked 2 accredited (SINTA 2) status. Base on Director General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia 158/E/KPT/2021 IJBE get ranked 2 accredited (SINTA 2) status until 2026. IJBE has been registered in Crossref, DOAJ, SINTA Rank 2, Indonesian Publication Index (IPI), Google Scholar, and other scientific databases. Editors can revise the paper without changing the substance and content after a blind review process. The articles sent by the author must be an original script and is not being considered for publication by other journal or publishers. P-ISSN: 2407-5434 E-ISSN: 2407-7321 Click for Submissions Guidelines and Author Guidelines ______________________________________________________________
School of Business, IPB University (SB-IPB)
Exploring The Role of The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Fostering Innovation in Youth Entrepreneurship in South Africa: A Literature Review
Background: Heightened by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), innovation was increasingly becoming significant in entrepreneurship. Moreover, according to Schumpeterian entrepreneurship, innovation was equivalent to a profit. Thus, it was imperative to investigate the extent to which entrepreneurial ecosystems promoted innovation in youth entrepreneurship. Purpose: This study investigates the role of entrepreneurial ecosystems in promoting innovation in youth entrepreneurship in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach: A literature review study based on a collection of relevant literature from online databases was conducted. Literature from 2015 to 2025 was considered to analyze and synthesize the literature on youth entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Findings/Result: Findings from the review of literature indicate that inadequate infrastructure development and funding, gaps in policy implementation and entrepreneurship education hinder innovation in youth entrepreneurship. Conclusion: This study recommends creative entrepreneurship education, a National Youth Innovation Fund, local innovation hubs, and local government intervention to enhance innovation in youth entrepreneurship in South Africa. Drawing from the Triple Helix model, the government, industry, and universities should collaborate to fund innovative business ventures, mentor creative youth entrepreneurs, and offer innovative entrepreneurship education. This study recommends empirical research on the South African entrepreneurial ecosystem, focusing on rural and township areas. Originality/value (State of the art): This article synthesizes the literature on youth entrepreneurship and innovation to inform diverse stakeholders of the current state of knowledge, key trends, research gaps, and directions for future research. Keywords: youth entrepreneurship, innovation, entrepreneurial ecosystem, innovative entrepreneurship, youth empowerment
Copyright (c) 2025 Wimbayi Chasaya, Ayansola Ayandibu
The Impact of Customer Testimonials and Brand Trust in Women's Hijab Repurchase Intention in Cirebon
Background: The hijab industry in Indonesia is rapidly growing, leading to intense online and offline competition between brands. Purpose: This study measures Repurchase Intention based on customer testimonials and brand trust in hijab products marketed through TikTok Shop, Shopee, Lazada, Bukalapak, and other marketplaces. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a quantitative method with data from 400 female hijab users aged 15–24 years in Cirebon. Owing to its strength in complex model analysis, SEM-PLS was applied to analyze the effect of customer testimonials and brand trust on repurchase intention. Findings/Results: This study indicates that customer testimonials and brand trust positively influence repurchase intention for hijab products in Cirebon. The impact of customer testimonials on repurchase intention had a coefficient of 0.400, whereas brand trust demonstrated a more substantial influence with a coefficient of 0.417. The findings suggest that brand trust has a more significant impact on encouraging repurchase behaviour than customer testimonials. These results underscore the importance of building strong brand trust through consistent product quality, excellent customer service, and positive brand reputation. For hijab business owners, effective marketing strategies should generate positive customer testimonials and ensure that the customer experience aligns with the brand’s promises. By consistently delivering quality and maintaining reliable service, businesses can foster consumer trust, enhance customer loyalty, and sustain repurchase intentions over the long term. Conclusion: These two independent variables simultaneously drive Repurchase Intention for hijab products. Brand Trust had a more substantial influence on the intention to repurchase the hijab. Originality/value (State of the art): Consumers trust brands for various reasons, including good product or service quality and brand reputation. Brand trust is a crucial factor in long-term relationships with customers. Keywords: customer testimonials, brand trust, repurchase intention, marketplace, hijab
Copyright (c) 2025 Umiyaroh, Icha Dinda Lestari Oktavani, Siska Ernawati Fatimah, Soesanty Maulany
Electronic Word of Mouth, Customer Engagement, and Purchase Behavior in Online Food Delivery
Background: Digital technology has transformed consumer behavior regarding online food ordering. The rapid growth of online food delivery services has intensified competition, making electronic word-of-mouth a critical factor influencing consumer interest and decision-making. Purpose: This study aims to examine the influence of eWOM usefulness and credibility on eWOM adoption and the subsequent effects of adoption on customer engagement, purchase intention, and purchase decisions in online food delivery services. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 230 respondents aged 18 and above residing in Greater Jabodetabek who used online food delivery services and engaged with social media. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. Findings/Results: eWOM usefulness and credibility both positively influenced eWOM adoption, with coefficients of 0.41 and 0.43 respectively. eWOM adoption directly drives customer engagement and purchase intention, with coefficients of 0.53 and purchase decisions with coefficients of 0.67, 0.53, and 0.40, respectively. Furthermore, customer engagement directly strengthens purchase intention, with a coefficient of 0.24. Purchase intention directly enhanced purchase decisions, with a coefficient of 0.42. These results indicate that credibility has a slightly stronger effect on adoption than usefulness, highlighting the importance of trustworthy content in social media. For online food delivery platforms, enhancing the credibility and perceived usefulness of user reviews can effectively engage consumers, strengthen purchase intentions, and ultimately drive actual purchasing behavior. Conclusion: This study confirms that credible and useful eWOM reviews play a crucial role in driving consumer information adoption, fostering engagement, strengthening purchase intention, and enhancing purchasing behavior. Originality/value (State of the art): This study contributes to the literature by extending the applicability of the information adoption model (IAM) to the context of Indonesia’s online food delivery services. It also provides practical insights for platform managers to enhance review credibility and develop effective consumer engagement strategies in digital environments. Keywords: electronic word of mouth, customer engagement, purchase decision, purchase intention, online food delivery
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahnif Jusmansyah Laksono, Jono Mintarto Munandar, Yani Nurhadryani
The Impact of Green Experiential Marketing on Brand Perception and Customer Loyalty: A Case Study of Sukkha Citta with Perceived Value as Mediator
Background: Rising environmental awareness has encouraged brands to adopt green experiential marketing to build emotional and ethical connections with consumers. Sukkha Citta, an Indonesian ethical fashion brand, applies this approach through sustainable storytelling and community engagement. Purpose: This study examines the impact of green experiential marketing on green brand perception and customer loyalty, with perceived value assessed as a mediating variable. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative survey using purposive non-probability sampling targeted consumers who have purchased Sukkha Citta products. While effective for reaching relevant participants, this sampling method limits generalizability. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Findings/Result: Green experiential marketing increases perceived value, thereby enhancing customer loyalty and strengthening green brand perception. Perceived value also mediates the effects of green experiential marketing on both outcomes. Because the research is cross-sectional, the relationships should be interpreted as associative rather than causal. Conclusion: Experiential strategies that combine emotional, sensory, and ethical elements foster stronger perceptions and loyalty toward sustainable brands. Originality/value (State of the art): This study validates perceived value as a key mechanism linking green experiential marketing to brand outcomes in an emerging market, using Sukkha Citta as a unique ethical fashion case. Keywords: green experiential marketing, perceived value, customer loyalty, green brand perception, sustainable consumer behavior
Copyright (c) 2026 C Christianingrum, Tissa Aulia Damayanti
Integrative Analysis of Internal and External Factors: Determinants of SME Success and Sustainability in The Era of Global Competition
Background: The research is driven by the necessity to comprehend how the combination of internal and external variables serves as a crucial determinant for MSMEs success and continuity, particularly when confronting the challenges of intensifying international competition. Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the interaction between internal and external factors in creating synergy that supports the sustainability of MSMEs in the era of global competition. Design/methodology/approach: This was a quantitative study with an associative approach. The sample in this study consisted of micro-scale MSMEs in the food and beverage accommodation and processing industry sectors located in Sambas and Kubu Raya Regencies in West Kalimantan Province. The sample in this study consisted of 200 micro-scale MSMEs in Indonesia. The analysis technique used was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart PLS. Finding/Result: The analysis results show that the financing access variable has a very significant effect on the sustainability of MSMEs, especially micro-scale MSMEs. In addition, environmental changes significantly affect the sustainability of MSMEs, especially those on a micro scale. The environmental changes referred to in this study include market changes, technological changes, innovation, and changes in the MSME’s business environment. Conclusion: MSME sustainability depends critically on two interconnected factors: access to financing and adaptability to environmental change. Limited capital access constrains micro-enterprises’ growth potential, while their inability to adapt to market shifts, digital transformation, and regulatory changes threatens their survival. These challenges are compounded by MSMEs' narrow market focus, lack of diversification strategies, and insufficient resources for technology adoption. Originality/value (state of the art): This study fills the empirical gap by focusing on micro MSMEs in geographically underexplored areas, namely, Sambas Regency (bordering Malaysia) and Kubu Raya (bordering the provincial capital). Furthermore, this study employed a comprehensive integrative approach by simultaneously combining internal and external factors. Keywords: access to financing, business continuity, environmental change, MSMEs, global competition
Technology Adoption and Entrepreneurial Leadership as Drivers of Organisational Performance in the Vhembe District, South Africa
Background: In South Africa’s socio-economically challenged Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, higher education institutions and Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) play a critical role in driving innovation, job creation, and regional development. Purpose: This study examines how technology adoption and entrepreneurial leadership jointly function as drivers of organisational performance within the Vhembe District, focusing on High-Performance Computing (HPC) utilisation in higher education and entrepreneurial leadership practices in SMMEs. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopts a comparative synthesis research design using a mixed-methods integrative approach. This study is based on a secondary analysis of two master’s dissertations conducted in the same regional context. The first study investigated factors influencing HPC utilization at the a selected institution using quantitative questionnaires (n = 228) and qualitative interviews (n = 10), analyzed using SPSS and Atlas.ti. The second examined entrepreneurial leadership and SMME performance through qualitative interviews with 20 business owners and analyzed them thematically using Atlas.ti. Cross-domain thematic mapping was employed to identify the convergences, divergences, and synergies between technology adoption and leadership dynamics. Findings/Results: The findings indicate that organizational support, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use significantly influence HPC utilization in higher education, while transformational and collaborative entrepreneurial leadership styles strongly enhance SMME performance. Shared challenges across both domains include resistance to change and resource constraints, whereas domain-specific barriers relate to infrastructural limitations in higher education and to market volatility in SMMEs. Conclusion: Technology adoption and entrepreneurial leadership operate as interdependent and mutually reinforcing mechanisms for enhancing organisational performance in resource-constrained environments. Integrated strategies that combine targeted training, infrastructural support, leadership development, and university–SMME collaboration are essential for fostering innovation, sustainability, and socioeconomic development in the Vhembe District. Originality/value (State of the art): This study contributes original value by offering an integrated, context-specific synthesis of technology adoption and entrepreneurial leadership in a shared rural setting. Unlike prior studies that examine these constructs independently, this study demonstrates how their alignment can jointly drive organizational performance in underdeveloped regions. Keywords: entrepreneurial leadership, high-performance computing (hpc), smme performance, technology adoption, Vhembe District
Copyright (c) 2026 Mutshidza Kingsley Muenda, Reginald Mulalo Ndwamai, Livhuwani Gladys Nkondo, Hlanganipai Ngirande
How Bank Finance and Government Support Affect Business Performance? Examining Mediation
Background: One sector with a high potential to be the focus of MSME development is the food and beverage sector. MSMEs are required to survive and continually increase their competitiveness by responding to changes in the external environment, both periodically and continuously, and by leveraging their internal capabilities. Purpose: This study attempts to contribute to a better understanding of bank finance and government support in terms of entrepreneurial competence, financial behavior, and organizational performance. Specifically, this study investigates MSMEs' entrepreneurial competence and financial behavior and determines whether these competencies and behaviors can improve their business performance. Design/methodology/approach: This study employs the SEM-PLS technique with cross-sectional data collected from April to May 2025 from 190 MSMEs in the halal food sector in Malang Raya, Indonesia. This study uses resource-based theory, which provides a theoretical lens for testing the influence of bank finance, government support, entrepreneurial competence, financial behavior, and halal food business performance. Findings/Results: The study indicates that bank finance and government support improve business performance. Indirectly, competence can mediate the influence of bank finance and government support on business performance. However, this study's results provide evidence that financial behavior does not mediate the effects of bank finance and government support on business performance. Conclusion: The study results indicate that MSME-owned financial institutions can improve their business performance. Government support and entrepreneurial competence also participate in this. However, excessive self-confidence and financial behavior do not mediate the influence of bank finance on the performance of halal MSMEs. The more competent MSME actors are, the more they can convince stakeholders about their ideas and products. Originality/value (State of the art): This study contributes to understanding the factors that influence MSME halal performance, especially from the perspective of bank finance, government support, and entrepreneurial competence. The original value of this study lies in its integrated approach, which tests the mediating roles of self-confidence and financial behavior in the relationship between bank finance and halal MSME business performance. This aspect has rarely been raised in previous literature. Keywords: bank finance, government support, entrepreneur competency, behavioral finance, business performance
Copyright (c) 2026 Esy Nur Aisyah, Maretha Ika Prajawati, Yuliati
Understanding B2B Consumer Satisfaction Through Perceptual and Cognitive Lenses: A Case Study of Geotronix Indonesia
Background: The B2B survey technology industry struggles to merge behavioral analytics with technical performance. Limited empirical use of consumer behavior theories exists in industrial procurement, especially in Southeast Asia. Purpose: This study examines behavioral factors influencing customer satisfaction at Geotronix Pratama Indonesia. It integrates Solomon's Consumer Perception Model and Peter & Olson's Cognitive Processing Model to build behaviorally driven customer profiles. Methodology: A convergent mixed-methods approach was employed. Data were collected from 50 client surveys and eight stakeholder interviews. Pearson correlation tested relationships, while NVivo-based thematic analysis provided qualitative insights. Findings: Equipment quality strongly correlates with satisfaction (r = 0.67, p < 0.01). Technical support shows moderate correlation (r = 0.34, p < 0.05). Reliability shapes initial perceptions, while support fosters long-term trust. Satisfaction drivers shift from product performance to partnership value as relationships mature. Conclusion: Satisfaction in B2B procurement is driven by both tangible perceptions and cognitive service evaluations. Firms should balance product quality and proactive support within behavior-based CRM strategies that adapt to client relationship stages. Originality/value: This study pioneers the dual application of Solomon's and Peter & Olson's models in Southeast Asian B2B contexts. It offers a validated framework linking perception, cognition, and industrial customer satisfaction. Keywords: customer satisfaction, consumer behavior, b2b marketing, survey technology, mixed-methods research
Copyright (c) 2026 Fajar Setio Adi, Esti Lestari; Fathony Rahman
Effects of E-Wallet Adoption on Online MSMEs Performance in Indonesia
Background: The present study aims to analyse the causal effect of digital wallet (e-wallet) adoption on the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia, especially regarding monthly transaction volume and employment dynamics. Purpose: Analyse the influence of digital wallet (e-wallet) adoption on transaction frequency, non-family labour and intra-family labour of online MSMEs in Indonesia. Design/Methodology/Approach: The present study employs the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach to mitigate selection bias between e-wallet users and non-users. The set of covariates employed in this study encompasses educational attainment, business age, the duration of online order receipt, and digital promotional activities. The data were derived from a national survey of MSMEs, incorporating 31,724 business unit observations. Findings/Results: The findings indicate that the adoption of e-wallets is associated with a substantial augmentation in the average transaction volume, amounting to 119 transactions per month. Concurrently, there is a discernible decline in the reliance on family labour, signifying an enhancement in operational efficiency. Conclusions: The adoption of e-wallets is influenced by a number of digital factors, including the implementation of promotions through marketplaces and the duration of receiving online orders. The operational efficiency of the system is marked by a decrease in the number of internal workers. In order to encourage equitable financial inclusion, there is a necessity for the implementation of adaptive policies and comprehensive digital ecosystems. Originality/Value (State of the Art): This study makes a methodological contribution through the implementation of PSM in measuring the impact of digital financial technology adoption in developing countries. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of user behavior perspectives and empirical evaluations based on observational data, which have not been widely conducted in the context of digital MSMEs in Indonesia. Keywords: e-wallet, MSME, propensity score matching, transaction frequency, marketplaces
Copyright (c) 2026 Suryani Eka Putri, Feryanto; Lukman M. Baga; Burhanuddin, Joko Purwono
Digital Platform Capability and Strategic Agility: Uncovering Strategies to Strengthen Indonesian F&B SMEs Competitiveness
Background: The Indonesian food and beverages (F&B) SME sector was a major contributor to the economy but faces challenges such as intense market competition and limited digital adoption. Despite the strong potential of the digital market, only a small proportion of SMEs were integrated into digital ecosystems. Understanding how digital platform capabilities (DPC) and strategic agility (SA) influence competitiveness was crucial in this dynamic environment. Purpose: This study examines the effect of digital platform capability on the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), considering the mediating role of strategic agility and the moderating role of competitive intensity within Indonesia's food and beverage (F&B) sector. Design/methodology/approach: This study was rooted in the philosophy of positivism, with a deductive design. Data were collected from 142 Indonesian F&B SMEs through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The variables included DPC (independent), SA (mediator), SMEs competitiveness (dependent), and competitive intensity (moderator). Findings/Result: SA mediates the relationship between DPC and competitiveness, which in turn increases strategic agility and the competitiveness of SMEs. The overall model explains 42% of the variance in SMEs competitiveness, which is moderately high, and competitive intensity negatively moderates the SA-competitiveness link, making agility less effective in high competition. Conclusion: Digital platform capabilities are essential for improving SME competitiveness, particularly when they are combined with strategic agility. However, the effectiveness of agility depends on market conditions; high competitive intensity may reduce its benefits. SMEs must balance agility with operational stability, and policymakers should support digital infrastructure and capability-building initiatives. Originality/value (State of the art): This study contributes to the literature by integrating resource orchestration theory with digital transformation and agility concepts in the context of emerging markets. It empirically demonstrates the mediating role of agility and the contextual influence of competitive intensity, offering nuanced insights for both theory development and SME digitalization strategies in volatile environments. Keywords: SMEs competitiveness, digital platform capability, strategic agility, competitive intensity
Copyright (c) 2025 Aria Ganna Henryanto, Haniruzila Hanifah, Thomas Stefanus Kaihatu, Retno Kusumastuti Hardjono, Malik Cahyadin, Wendra Hartono
Click, Sell, Grow: The Moderating Role of Government Policy on Social Media Marketing and MSME Performance in Indonesia (A TAM-Based SEM Study)
Background: Promotion in today’s digital era must keep pace with rapid developments, yet many MSMEs still face limited competence and organizational readiness to adopt social media-based digital marketing. These constraints make it important to understand how government policy can shape MSME outcomes in Indonesia. Purpose: This study analyzes the role of government policy in influencing the relationship between social media-based digital marketing and MSME performance in Indonesia. Design/Methodology/Approach:This research employed a quantitative survey of 500 MSME owners/managers who use social media for marketing in selected Indonesian provinces. The questionnaire used a Likert scale, the data were transformed using the Successive Interval Method, and the model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS to examine perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitudes toward social media use, actual social media use, government policy, and MSME performance, including government policy as a moderating variable. Finding/Result: Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness positively affect attitudes toward social media use, and these attitudes positively influence actual social media use. Actual social media use improves MSME performance, while government policy also directly improves MSME performance; moreover, government policy strengthens the influence of social media use on MSME performance, indicating that supportive policies enhance the conversion of social media marketing adoption into business outcomes. Conclusion: Government policy strengthens the impact of social media-based digital marketing on MSME performance in Indonesia, suggesting that institutional support amplifies the benefits of technology adoption among MSMEs. Originality/Value (State of The Art): This study integrates government policy as a moderating variable in a TAM-based SEM framework to help explain inconsistent findings on the performance outcomes of social media adoption among MSMEs in developing economy contexts. Keywords: digital marketing, government policy, MSME performance, social media, technology adoption
Copyright (c) 2026 Febzi Fiona, M. Yasser Iqbal Daulay, Ilsya Hayadi
Resilient Leadership, Frugal Innovation, and Women Entrepreneurship on MSME Performance Through Smart Business Adaptability As a Mediating Variable
Background: Women-led MSMEs in Jakarta continue to face structural and operational barriers, including limited access to financing, inconsistent market demand, and intensified post-pandemic competition. These challenges are evident in sectors such as culinary and fashion, where consumer preferences shift quickly, and market saturation forces entrepreneurs to operate with tighter resources. As a result, many women-led MSMEs struggle to maintain growth, pursue innovation, and build resilience in an increasingly dynamic environment. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of resilient leadership, frugal innovation, and women entrepreneurship on the performance of women-led MSMEs in Jakarta. It also examines whether smart business adaptability serves as a mediating variable, strengthening the connection between these organizational and entrepreneurial capabilities and overall business performance. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative research design was employed using SEM-PLS. This analytical technique is suitable for assessing complex causal relationships and is appropriate for studies with small-to-moderate sample sizes. Data were collected from 100 women entrepreneurs operating across various MSME sectors in Jakarta. Findings/Results: The results show that frugal innovation and women entrepreneurship significantly and positively affect MSME performance, demonstrating the importance of resource-efficient innovation and strong entrepreneurial capacity. However, resilient leadership does not exhibit a significant direct impact. Additionally, the mediating effect of smart business adaptability is non-significant, indicating that current adaptive practices among women-led MSMEs have not yet fully developed to convert leadership and innovation elements into stronger performance outcomes. Conclusion: Enhancing MSME performance in volatile environments requires strengthening adaptive capabilities alongside promoting efficient innovation and leadership resilience. Originality/value (State of the art): This study introduces an integrated framework linking resilient leadership, frugal innovation, and gender-based entrepreneurship, an approach still limited in existing MSME research, offering fresh insight into performance mechanisms among women-led businesses. Keywords: resilient leadership, Frugal innovation, Women entrepreneurship, Smart business adaptability
Owner Practices and Customer Perceptions in Sustainability and Social Media Marketing for Café SMEs
Background: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), especially in the café industry, face challenges in meeting customer expectations for sustainability and digital engagement. The gap between owner practices and customer perceptions often leads to suboptimal business performance. Purpose: This study investigates the influence of sustainability marketing and social media marketing on the business performance of café SMEs in Jember, Indonesia, by integrating owner strategies and customer perceptions. Design/methodology/approach: Using an Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods design, the study conducted qualitative interviews with 10 café owners in mid-May 2025 to explore sustainability and digital marketing practices, followed by a quantitative survey of 215 café customers conducted from May to June 2025 to validate and measure the constructs. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS v.4.0, including validity and reliability tests. Findings/Result: The study found that sustainability marketing and social media marketing significantly influence café SMEs’ business performance. Social media marketing showed a stronger direct effect (β = 0.638, p < 0.001) compared to sustainability marketing (β = 0.140, p = 0.027). Moreover, social media marketing mediates the relationship between sustainability marketing and performance (β = 0.410, p < 0.001), emphasizing its strategic role in transforming sustainability initiatives into measurable business value. Qualitative findings confirmed that café owners use Instagram and TikTok to promote local sourcing, eco-friendly campaigns, and customer engagement, turning sustainability narratives into digital competitiveness and long-term growth. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that integrating sustainability marketing with social media strategies significantly enhances the performance and competitiveness of café SMEs. Social media serves as a vital bridge that transforms sustainability initiatives into customer engagement, brand loyalty, and measurable business growth. Originality/value (State of the art): This research highlights the growing significance of digital entrepreneurship in the Cafe sector, offering insights into how various digital strategies influence consumer purchasing behavior, which is crucial for adapting to the evolving market landscape. Keywords: business performance, exploratory sequential, smes performance, social media marketing, sustainability marketing
Copyright (c) 2026 Dhira Ervina Safitri, Nursaid, Budi Santoso
An Evaluation of the Covid-19 National Economic Recovery Program: Evidence From MSMEs’ Performance in West Java, Indonesia
Background: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) maintain their performance through internal factors, like their characteristics as MSMEs, and external factors, such as government policy. The National Economic Recovery Program (PEN) was expected to improve the performance of MSMEs, especially during the pandemic. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the impact of PEN (credit restructuring, digitalization, and training) and MSMEs' characteristics (form of business, gender, level of education, type of MSMEs, marketing area) on MSMEs' performance measured by total asset turnover. Design/methodology/approach: The data from a survey conducted by Cooperation and MSMEs Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM, West Java Province, between 2020 and 2021. This survey focuses on 8,469 comprehensive and compliant MSME data points out of 9,046 using the logistic model. Finding/Result: The results show MSMEs who participate in PEN have a higher log odds ratio of total asset turnover above the average than those who do not. The form of business, gender, and marketing area positively affect the log odds ratio of total asset turnover above the average. Vocational education leads to the highest asset turnover, followed by diplomas, universities, and high schools. Service and Industry SMEs outperform other sectors, followed by Convection and Fashion, Food and Beverage, and Craft and Accessories. Conclusion: MSMEs involved in the PEN program are more likely to achieve higher asset turnover, with business form, gender, education, and marketing area significantly influencing performance. Originality/value (State of the art): This study uniquely links MSME characteristics with the government recovery program, providing a fresh evaluation of how policy interventions and internal drive MSME performance during the pandemic. Keywords: MSMEs, PEN, The National Economic Recovery Program, West Java, COVID-19
Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship (IJBE)
The Influence of Digital Transformation On The Performance of Culinary SMEs in Bogor District Using The Technology Organization Environment (TOE) Model
Background: The culinary sector within SMEs in Bogor District has experienced rapid digital transformation. Key advancements include the adoption of digital payments, enhanced operational efficiency, and increased use of social media for marketing, supported by training initiatives aimed at improving service quality. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the factors that influence technology adoption among culinary SMEs in Bogor District and assess the impact of digital transformation on their performance. Design/methodology/approach: Utilizing the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, this study evaluates factors affecting digitalization in culinary SMEs. Data were collected from 125 culinary SME respondents in Bogor District through online and in-person surveys, with purposive sampling. Analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Findings/Results: Out of four tested hypotheses, two yielded significant results. Organizational factors were positively associated with digitalization, while technological factors were not. Although environmental factors were not significant, digitalization demonstrated a positive impact on SME performance. Critical factors in the digital transformation process include the use of digital promotional media and digital payment systems, with sales growth and profitability emerging as indicators of SME success. Conclusion: Organizational factors, along with digital tools such as promotional media and payment systems, play a pivotal role in the successful digital transformation of culinary SMEs. Despite the non-significance of certain factors, digitalization remains a key driver of performance improvement. Originality/value: This study contributes to the understanding of digital transformation in the culinary SME sector, highlighting the role of organizational support and digital strategies in fostering growth and competitive advantage in the digital economy. Keywords: Culinary SMEs, Digital Transformation, Environment, Organization, Technology
The Role of Brand Authenticity, Brand Image, and Brand Love in Driving Repurchases and Advocacy of Indonesian Fashion Brands
Background: In this era of globalization, as brand competition intensifies in Indonesia, companies must explore strategies to become consumers' top choice. Strengthening branding efforts is one of the options for local fashion brands to enhance their competitive advantage. By concentrating on effective branding strategies, local brands can distinguish themselves and excel in a saturated market. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the influence of multidimensional brand authenticity constructs (quality commitment, heritage, and sincerity), multidimensional brand image constructs (mystery, sensuality, and intimacy), brand love, and consumer behavior related to continuous purchase intention and positive word-of-mouth (WOM) in Indonesia. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research is quantitative-based, with data collection conducted through an online survey of 265 respondents who purchased products from Indonesian local fashion brands from October 2023 until April 2024. Data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method through the SmartPLS application. Findings/Result: The study's findings indicate that intimacy, an emotionally driven dimension of brand image, significantly predicts brand love, continuous purchase intentions, and positive WOM. Furthermore, the study confirms that brand love itself predicts continuous purchase intentions and positive WOM. Conclusion: To achieve loyalty in the form of repeated purchases and positive WOM, Millennials and Generation Z consumers in Indonesia need to experience the stage of affection towards a certain Indonesian local fashion brand, rather than the cognitive or sensory aspects. Originality/Value: This study intends to give a better understanding of several branding-related constructs in the Indonesian local fashion brand setting that can be utilized by marketers to develop consumer-brand relationships with a younger customer base (Millennials and Generation Z), which leads to continuous consumption and spreading positive news. Keywords: brand love, brand authenticity, brand image, repurchase intention, positive word-of-mouth
The Impact of Transformational Leadership and ICT Utilization on MSMEs Performance: Exploring The Mediating Role of Digital Literacy
Background: Transformational leadership is becoming increasingly relevant in the digital era, where the ability to rapidly adapt to new technologies and market changes is key to success. However, effective adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) will not yield optimal impact without adequate digital literacy among MSME actors. Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationship between transformational leadership, ICT utilization, and MSME performance, with digital literacy as a mediating variable. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a quantitative technique to investigate the correlations between pertinent variables using the SEM-PLS methodology. One hundred MSMEs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, were the subject of the study, which used an online questionnaire to gather data. Findings/Results: The findings of this study reveal that transformational leadership and ICT utilization have a positive and significant impact on MSME performance in the culinary, creative, and tourism sectors in Yogyakarta. Digital literacy is proven to be a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between these two factors and MSME performance. Conclusion: Transformational leadership, ICT utilization, and digital literacy significantly enhance MSME performance in Yogyakarta's culinary, creative, and tourism sectors. Transformational leadership improves productivity, product quality, profitability, and revenue growth, while ICT utilization, supported by digital literacy, strengthens MSME performance. Digital literacy acts as a key mediator, amplifying the effects of leadership and technology adoption through competencies like photo-visual, reproduction, branching, information, and socio-emotional literacy, enabling MSMEs to maximize technological and leadership benefits. Originality/value (State of the art): This study uniquely integrates digital literacy as a mediating variable between transformational leadership, ICT utilization, and MSME performance in Yogyakarta's culinary, creative, and tourism sectors. It fills a gap in existing research by examining how digital literacy enhances the impact of transformational leadership and ICT on MSME success, offering new insights for digital transformation strategies in emerging markets. Keywords: transformational leadership, ICT utilization, digital literacy, MSME performance
The Influence of Consumer Buying Behavior on Continuously Intention the Application of Online Food Delivery (OFD) in Indonesia
Background: Online food delivery (OFD) is a necessity in today's society. Companies continuously offer innovation to gain consumer loyalty. Consumer loyalty is the highest achievement to which companies in the service sector aspire. However, the switch behavior exhibited by modern consumers compels companies to constantly update their offerings to meet user needs and desires. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of promotion, price value, social influence, perceived usefulness, ease of use, customer experience, restaurant search, and variety of food choices on consumer purchasing behavior, and the influence of consumer purchasing behavior on intention to continue using in the OFD industry. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a quantitative method supported by qualitative data involving 400 respondents who are users of the GoFood, GrabFood, and ShopeeFood applications. The questionnaire was distributed through social media. The analysis was carried out using SEM LISREL. Conclusion: These findings are valuable for companies in the OFD industry to understand which factors are highly valued by consumers, helping to foster high levels of loyalty to their applications. Originality/value (State of the art): Only a few articles compare these three popular OFD applications in Indonesia Keywords: continuance intention, loyalty, online food delivery (OFD), promotion, social influence
Enhancement of MSME Digitalization With Collaborative Governance: Public Values, Decision-Making, and The Administrative Context
Background: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are vital to Indonesia’s economy but struggle with digitalization. Purpose: This study investigates how collaborative governance accelerates MSME digitalization through NVivo 12, focusing on the role of public values, decision-making, and administrative culture in driving digital transformation. It aims to identify key themes that strengthen governance and foster a sustainable digital ecosystem for MSMEs. Design/methodology/approach: This study examines the Fast Track Digitalization (FTD) Program in North Sumatra, a collaboration between the government, private sector, and civil society to support MSME digitalization. Data from 16–24 in-depth interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes in collaborative governance. Findings/Result: The study highlights the role of stakeholder collaboration and public values in accelerating MSME digitalization. It emphasizes public-private partnerships, digital literacy, and financial support, while transparent governance and flexible regulations are key to sustainable growth. Conclusion: Collaborative governance has proven effective in enhancing the competitiveness and sustainability of MSMEs in the digital era. However, research on this topic is limited, especially regarding North Sumatra, and does not fully explore the impact of emerging technologies like AI and blockchain on MSMEs' digital resilience. Future studies should investigate how these technologies can strengthen governance frameworks and contribute to long-term sustainability. Originality/value (State of the art): This research offers novelty by developing a threefold perspective that emphasizes the importance of integrating public values, collaborative decision-making, and the administrative and cultural context of policy. Keywords: MSME, digitalization, collaborative governance, threefold perspective, thematic analysis
The Change of Visitor Intention Toward Virtual Reality Using The Theory of The Acceptance Model
Background: Virtual Reality (VR) is one of the technologies that has experienced significant growth during Industry 4.0. The total value of tourism-related digital industries is estimated to reach US$210 billion by 2025. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that contribute to VR usage with the Extended Technology Acceptance Model and to analyze changes in the usage intention of VR. Design/methodology/approach: The factors contributing to the utilization of VR in this study can be analyzed using the Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach through Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) analysis. The sample of this study was 115 respondents who had visited Malang Night Paradise and showed an interest in Adventure Land, which offered the use of VR. Findings/result: This study revealed that several factors affecting the changes in the usage intention of VR are identified from the change in the hypothesis of perceived usefulness, which no longer has an effect on attitude toward using and price willingness to pay. Conclusion: This phenomenon is attributed to a decline in attractiveness, changes in user familiarity with VR, negative experiences, changes in market conditions, and economic fluctuations. Originality/value (state of the art): This study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 to measure changes in the usage intention of VR, given that the modernization of information and communication technology in the current digital era has transformed human interaction with their environments. Keywords: structural equation modelling, partial least squares, technology acceptance model, tourism, usage intention, virtual reality
Development of A Village-Based Organic Vegetable Business Model Using The Business Model Canvas For Sustainability (BMCS)
Background: Business model changes have far-reaching implications for overall company performance, including social and environmental aspects. Business Model Canvas (BMC) is often used as a framework for designing business models. However, the concept of sustainability involving social and environmental aspects is often not fully integrated into using BMC. In other words, BMC tends to focus more on economic aspects alone. Urban studies have dominated research on business and entrepreneurship. Studies on rural entrepreneurship, especially in developing countries, are still minimal, with 78% (10 documents) of journal article publications in 2021 dominated by social sciences (26%), business, management, accounting (19%), and agriculture and biology (7%). In addition, there is a research gap in economics, especially regarding the role of women in organic farming, although women are more often involved in organic farming than men. Purpose: This research uses the Business Model Canvas for Sustainability (BMCS) to develop a business model centered on village-based sustainability issues, specifically focusing on the Mekar Sari Women Farmers Group (WFG) in Bogor, Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted in Neglasari Village, Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia. The research was conducted for 3 months for one case study from July to September 2024. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a descriptive-qualitative approach. The research used primary and secondary data from literature studies, field observations, and interviews with 20 respondents selected based on the criteria set. It was then analyzed with the business unit's BMCS framework, the results of which were used to identify the 10 main elements of BMCS. Finding/Result: The results showed that the Mekar Sari Women Farmers Group business had implemented most of the BMCS components. Elements identified include vision and mission, value propositions, customer segments, competitors, stakeholders, revenue model, key resources, key activities, key partnerships, and cost structures. Conclusions: Based on the identification of the business model currently implemented by WFG Mekar Sari, it shows that WFG has constraints on market competition, customer segments, and key partnerships that affect the revenue model of Mekar Sari's WFG organic vegetable business. To improve business performance, WFG Mekar Sari needs to adopt a sustainable business strategy for its future business development. Originality/value (State of the art): This study contributes to developing sustainable business models by addressing the gap in integrating sustainability into the BMC framework, especially in village-based businesses. This study shows that BMCS is one of the tools that can be considered for designing more sustainable businesses. Keywords: BMCS, business model, organic vegetables, sustainability, women farmer group (WFG)
Financial Literacy, Usage of Pay-Later Services, and Impulse Buying: The Mediating Role of Shopping Habits
Background: SPayLater, a Shopee digital payment feature, enables users to buy now and pay later, shaping Generation Z’s shopping habits and contributing to impulsive buying tendencies. Financial literacy plays a crucial role in managing personal finances and avoiding unplanned purchases. Purpose: This study examines the effect of financial literacy and SPayLater usage on impulse buying, with shopping habits serving as a mediating variable among Generation Z consumers in Semarang. Design/methodology/approach: The current study used a quantitative approach, with 100 respondents from Generation Z in Semarang. The survey was conducted using probability sampling with the purposive sampling technique, and the number of respondents was determined using the Cochran formula. Data was collected and analyzed using Smart PLS 3.0. Findings/Results: The results show that financial literacy, SPayLater usage, and shopping habits significantly influence impulse buying. Furthermore, shopping habits mediate the relationships between both financial literacy and SPayLater usage with impulsive buying behavior. Conclusion: Improving financial literacy among Generation Z in Semarang is essential to better regulate shopping habits and reduce impulse buying. Awareness of the risks associated with digital payment tools supports wiser financial decisions. Originality/value: This research emphasizes the mediating role of shopping habits in the relationship between financial literacy and impulse buying, offering new insights into consumer behavior in the context of digital credit services. Keywords: financial literacy, Generation Z, impulse buying, shopping habits, usage of pay-later services
Digital Entrepreneurship: The Role of Digital Marketing, Human Capital and Entrepreneurship Orientation On The Success of Small and Medium Culinary Business
Background: In the digital transformation era, digital technology is one of the main strategies for business actors to succeed, especially in facing increasingly tight competition. By utilizing digital technology, entrepreneurs can reach a broader market, increase efficiency in operations, and optimize interactions with customers through various digital platforms. Purpose: This research investigates the influence of digital marketing, the role of human capital, and entrepreneurial orientation on the success of small and medium culinary businesses in Makassar City. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a quantitative approach focusing on Culinary SMEs in Makassar City. The sample in this research was determined using a purposive sampling method with a sample size of 160 respondents. The collected data were then analyzed using the SEM-PLS method with the help of SmartPLS 4 software. Findings/Result: This research shows that digital marketing significantly influences business success, both directly and indirectly, through entrepreneurial orientation. At the same time, human capital is not directly significant to business success but has a significant influence when mediated by entrepreneurial orientation. Conclusion: The growth of entrepreneurship using digital technology is increasing rapidly, showing the importance of technology in supporting business success. The use of digital marketing and the role of human resources through entrepreneurial orientation are essential factors that can increase the success of culinary SME businesses in the digital era. Originality/value (State of the art): his research jointly analyzes the relationship between digital marketing and human capital in supporting business success through entrepreneurial orientation Keywords: digital entrepreneurship, digital marketing, human capital, entrepreneurial orientation, business success
Does Digital Readiness Matter? The Mediating Role of Digital Readiness Between Organizational Culture and Innovative Work Behavior Among SMEs in Indonesia
Background: Innovation in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia is essential for business development, requiring SMEs to foster innovative work behavior. However, some Indonesian SMEs still struggle to implement innovative work behavior, especially in utilizing digital technology for innovation in this digital era. Purpose: This study aims to explore the role of digital readiness in mediating organizational culture’s impact on the innovative work behavior of SME employees in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: The research employed a quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) analysis. The survey was distributed to SME employees in Indonesia. This research used 185 respondents for further data analyzing. Findings/results: The results reveal that digital readiness only mediates the relationship between market culture and innovative work behavior. On the other hand, digital readiness does not mediate adhocracy and clan culture to innovative work behavior. Conclusion: Results interestingly suggest that digital readiness significantly mediates market culture to innovative work behavior. Adhocracy and clan cultures may directly instill innovative work behavior, as confirmed by previous studies. Originality/value (State of the art): This is the first study to investigate how types of culture are associated with innovative work behavior mediated by digital readiness. Keywords: Innovation, innovative work behavior, organizational culture, digital readiness, SME
The Impact of Personal And Environmental Factors Through Experience Characteristics on Entrepreneurial Performance in Indonesian Start-Ups
Background: Entrepreneurial performance is essential for start-ups' development, particularly the ability to transition smoothly from experimentation to scaling. Start-ups' performance in Indonesia remains challenging in that the failure rate is up to 90% within the first five years. Purpose: This study aims to assess the direct influence of personal and environmental factors through experience characteristics on entrepreneurial performance in start-ups in Indonesia and the indirect influence of these factors through experience characteristics on entrepreneurial performance. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a quantitative approach, applying Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling to analyze data collected from questionnaires distributed to 268 start-ups in Indonesia. Finding/Results: The results indicated that personal and environmental factors significantly enhance experience characteristics and entrepreneurial performance. This study also found that personal and environmental factors through experience characteristics significantly enhance entrepreneurial performance in Indonesian start-ups. Conclusion: This study evaluated how experience characteristics as a mediator strengthen the impact of personal factors on entrepreneurial performance and weaken the impact of environmental factors on entrepreneurial performance. This research possesses academic and managerial implications, particularly for advancing scientific progress in entrepreneurial performance models in start-ups in Indonesia. Originality/value (State of the art): Start-ups must enhance their entrepreneurial performance by focusing on personal factors, including entrepreneurial education and passion, as well as environmental factors like developing a more dynamic entrepreneurial ecosystem, improving marketing techniques, and aligning with global market demand. Keywords: business, entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurship environment, start-ups' development
The Path to Loyalty: Examining Shopee’s Service Attributes and Customer Satisfaction of Customers in Jakarta
Background: The post-pandemic period has presented challenges for e-commerce platforms, including Shopee, as they face declining customer loyalty, which affects user experience. Customer loyalty is a critical factor in sustaining business competitiveness, making it essential to understand the role of service attributes. Purpose: This study examines the impact of information quality, privacy, security, and delivery on customer loyalty among Shopee users in Jakarta. Furthermore, it investigates the role of customer satisfaction in mediating the relationship between service attributes and customer loyalty. Design/methodology/approach: The study employed a quantitative approach using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) version 4.1.0.8 for data analysis. A total of 241 Shopee users in Jakarta were surveyed through a purposive sampling method. Data was collected using Google Forms distributed through various social media platforms, ensuring responses from active Shopee users familiar with the platform's service attributes. Finding/result: Information quality, security, and delivery positively and significantly impact customer loyalty. Information quality, privacy, security, and delivery positively and significantly influence customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction mediates the effects of information quality, security, and delivery on customer loyalty. Conclusion: Service attributes, namely information quality, security, and delivery, are essential in influencing customer loyalty through customer satisfaction among online shopping platform users. Originality/value (State of the art): This is the first study of how service attributes influence customer loyalty among Shopee users in Jakarta through the mediating role of customer satisfaction. This study contributes to the existing literature by addressing an empirical gap and examining the influence of information quality on customer loyalty and privacy on customer satisfaction. While previous studies have explored these relationships, inconsistencies in findings highlight the need for further empirical validation. By reassessing these variables within the context of Shopee users in Jakarta, this research provides deeper insights into their roles in shaping customer satisfaction and loyalty. Keywords: Service Attributes, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, Shopee, e-commerce
Apparel Start-Up Business Develovment Strategy Through The Enrichment Program as an Implementation of Kampus Merdeka
Background: The apparel industry, often called the fashion sector, has a significant attraction for teenagers because it provides space to express themselves and create an identity through the clothes they wear. The independent campus program is an excellent opportunity for students interested in apparel to pioneer skills and experience directly in the business industry. Purpose: The study aims to formulate alternative strategies that can be applied as business development for the Millennial's Project, which operates in the apparel industry due to implementing the Independent Campus program. Design/methodology/approach: SWOT, IFE, EFE, and QSPM analysis determine the best alternative strategies in business activities. Data collection was done using interviews with two experts and six consumers. Result: From the interviews conducted, the IFE value was obtained at 2.551, and the EFE value was 3.364; from the IFE and EFE assessment results, the IE matrix is located in cell 2. The values that indicate the company in quadrant 2 mean that the start-up is in the growth and build phase. The most appropriate strategies used in this phase are market penetration, market development, and product development. This alternative strategy is a priority, as evidenced by the AS value of 67 and TAS of 5.562, compared to the scores of other alternative strategies. Conclusion: So, this study shows that the appropriate alternative strategy for the Millennial Project is the development of new products such as hoodies, pants, and more varied colors. Originality/value (State of the art): The originality of this study lies in integrating SWOT, IFE, EFE, and QSPM analyses to formulate data-driven business development strategies for startups in the apparel industry within the Independent Campus program. Keywords: apparel industry, IE Matrix, Kampus Merdeka, business development, start-up
The Effect of Digitalization and Social Media: Generation Z's Purchase Intentions for Somethinc Skincare Products in Indonesia
Background: Generation Z, as increasingly dominant consumers with unique shopping behavior characteristics, plays a vital role in the e-commerce market. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate how marketing factors such as brand image, brand credibility, brand advocacy, and electronic word of mouth (eWOM) influence their purchasing decisions, especially in skincare. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the Influence of brand image, brand credibility, brand advocacy, and electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on Generation Z's purchase intention for Somethinc skincare products in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a quantitative approach and distributes questionnaires online to 260 Generation Z respondents. Samples were taken using the purposive sampling technique with a Likert Scale. Data analysis was carried out using SmartPLS. Findings/Results: The results showed that brand image and advocacy significantly influence Generation Z's intention to purchase skincare in Indonesia. In contrast, brand credibility and electronic word of mouth do not significantly positively influence Generation Z's purchase intention for skin care. Conclusion: The study's results show that digitalization and social media significantly influence company activities, especially in marketing. Referring to the research findings, companies should strengthen the brand image and advocacy through marketing campaigns highlighting the brand's unique value and encouraging customers to share positive experiences, such as loyalty programs or customer communities. On the other hand, strategies related to brand credibility and eWOM need to be re-evaluated to increase their effectiveness or shift to more impactful efforts. Thus, companies can prioritize resources on aspects that significantly drive consumer purchase intention. Originality/value (State of the art): This study's results provide insight into the effectiveness of marketing strategies in influencing Generation Z's purchasing behavior and explain the inconsistency of previous research findings. Keywords: brand image, brand credibility, brand advocacy, electronic word of mouth, purchase intention
Intellectual Capital in SMEs: A Bibliometric Study and Directions for Future Research
Background: Intellectual capital (IC) has been recognized as a key driver of business performance and sustainability, particularly for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). IC, which comprises human capital, structural capital, and relational capital, plays a crucial role in fostering innovation, improving knowledge management, and enhancing competitive advantage. However, the comprehensive evolution of IC research in SMEs remains underexplored. Purpose: This research seeks to examine the evolution of intellectual capital (IC) studies in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) over the last ten years, pinpoint major contributors, investigate prevailing themes, and uncover emerging directions in the field. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study uses bibliometric analysis with a database sourced from Scopus and uses VOSviewer for visualization. The study applied various bibliometric techniques, including citation analysis, co-word analysis, and bibliographic coupling, to map the intellectual landscape of IC research in SMEs. Findings/Results: The analysis reveals that IC research in SMEs has grown significantly, with an increasing focus on human, structural, and relational capital. Key research themes include innovation, knowledge management, financial performance, and sustainability. The study also identifies Indonesia, Pakistan, Poland, and Portugal as leading contributors to IC research, reflecting the global recognition of knowledge-based economic growth. The study also observes a significant shift toward IC integration with digital transformation and artificial intelligence. Conclusion: This research offers beneficial perspectives for academics, policymakers, and business practitioners by emphasizing the strategic role of IC in SMEs' sustainability. The findings suggest that future research should further explore the intersection of IC with digital transformation and AI-driven business models. Originality/Value (State of the Art): This study is among the first to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of IC research in SMEs, mapping its chronological development and identifying future research directions. Keywords: bibliometric analysis; competitive advantage; digital transformation; intellectual capital; small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
The The Role of Agencies and Strategy Innovation on Regular Customers at PT. XZY Branch of Ben Line Shipping
Background: PT. XYZ faces challenges in ensuring customer and crew satisfaction, as well as inaccuracies in logging ship arrivals and departures, leading to increased waiting costs. As a representative of Ben Line Agencies, PT. XYZ acknowledges the maritime industry's potential and is dedicated to fostering robust cooperation to promote national sector growth. Purpose: The findings indicate that both agency services and business strategy have positive results for customer loyalty at PT. XYZ Ben Line Agencies Indonesia Representative. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research makes a method with quantitative analysis, using main data through questionnaires delivered to 77 customer respondents who are agents of PT. XYZ, specifically at the Jakarta branch of Ben Line shipping. The findings indicate a positive result of agency services on customer satisfaction at PT. XYZ, as well as a notable positive effect of business strategy on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, both factors together significantly influence customer satisfaction at PT. XYZ Ben Line Agencies Indonesia. Findings/Result: The agency services at PT. XYZ, representing Ben Line Agencies Indonesia, have a notable and substantial impact on customer loyalty. This implies that effective agency services are likely to make sure loyalty significantly. Understanding this influence is crucial for assessing the service reach in fulfilling user requirements. Conclusion: We recommend that PT XYZ concentrate on enhancing the response speed of the support team or customer service. This could involve improving communication processes, providing further training for the support team, or implementing systems that accelerate responses to customer needs. Originality/Value (State of the Art): A strong and significant impact of business strategy on customer satisfaction has been observed at PT. XYZ, a representative of Ben Line Agencies Indonesia. This relationship is crucial for assessing business success. An effective business strategy encompasses several factors, including competitive pricing, relevant product or service development, and efficient supply chain management. Keywords: role of agency, bussiness inovation, customer royalty and statisfaction, business strategy, strategy innovation