Artikel yang dipublikasikan pada Buletin Ilmu Makanan Ternak mencakup cakupan luas topik penelitian dalam bidang ilmu nutrisi dan teknologi pakan, termasuk agrostologi, industri dan teknologi pakan, nutrisi ternak unggas, nutrisi ternak pedaging, nutrisi ternak kerja dan olahraga, nutrisi ternak perah, nutrisi satwa harapan dan hewan peliharaan, mikrobiologi rumen, mikrobiologi ternak, fisiologi nutrisi, metabolisme nutrisi, kajian biologi molekuler terkait nutrisi pakan, ternak dan metabolismenya, dan kajian-kajian lain yang relevan dengan topik dan isu terkini dalam bidang ilmu nutrisi dan teknologi pakan.
Evaluasi Peforma Benih Indigofera zollingeriana dari Tanaman Berbeda Umur
Seed production could be affected by plant age due to different physiological activity. These research aimed to evaluate the effect of different age on Indigofera zollingeriana seeds production and characteristics. The study was conducted on plants at 1, 4, and 8 years old. The variables measured were pods production, pods characteristics, seed weight, and seed characteristics. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance Matrix Unbalance by software R 3.3.2 and Correlation Analyses. Results showed that plant age increased (p<0.01) pods length and diameter; and seed diameter and thickness. Plant age had positive corellation to increased dry weight of pods, seed weight, percentage of seed weight per pods, average weight of 1000 seeds. It concluded that plant age could increasing pods length and diameter; and seed characteristics. Therefore, I. zollingeriana plant could be seed sources until 8 years old
Copyright (c) 2018 Buletin Ilmu Makanan Ternak
Metabolit Darah Domba yang Disuplementasi Bakteri Pendegradasi HCN dan Sulfur Pada Pakan Mengandung Tepung Daun Singkong Pahit (Manihot glaziovii)
This research was aimed to analize blood profiles and metabolites of sheep fed bitter cassava leaves (Manihot glaziovii) meal supplemented with cyanide degrading bacteria and sulphur. The research used 15 local male sheeps (Garut), with average of aged 7-9 month and body weight 21.45 ± 3.33 kg. The sheep are placed in individual cages and kept for90 days. The experimental design was a block randomized design with 3 treatments and 5 replicates. The treatments were P1 = control (40% napier grass : 30% cassava leaves meal : 30% concentrate), P2 = P1 + cyanide degrading bacterial, and P3 = P2 + sulphur. Variables served were leukocyte, erythrocyte, haematokrit, haemoglobin, monocyte, basophil, limphocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, neutrophil limphocyte ration, glucose, protein total, albumin, and triglyceride of blood. Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance. Any significant differences were further tested using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that cyanide degrading bacteria and sulphur supplementation did not affectblood profiles and metabolites of sheep, except eosinophil proportion. The used of cyanide degrading bacteria or its combination with sulphur to the sheep fed ration contain bitter cassava leaf meal very significantly decreased (P<0.01) eosinophil proportion. In conclution, cyanide degrading bacteria and sulfur supplementation to the sheep fed ration contain bitter cassava leaves meal did not alter blood profiles and metabolites, but could improved body defense in the toxic detoxification. Key words: blood profiles, blood metabolite, cassava leaf, cyanide degrading bacteria, sheep
Potency of Seaweeds Specieses as Minerals Supplement for Dairy Cattle
Indonesia is a maritime country, rich in biodiversity such as seaweeds which have potential as animal feedstuffs. Previous study showed that the seaweeds high in ash contents and have potential as mineral sources for dairy cattle. This study was aimed to compare several seaweeds species’s (Sargassum sp., Gelidium sp., Gracilaria sp., Eucheuma cottonii and giant Eucheuma cottonii) potential as mineral sources for dairy cattle. Parameters observed in this study were macro mineral contents (Ca, P, Na, Cl, Mg, S), the mineral solubility in HCl and rumen liquor, and estimate of their availability in rumen and abomasum. This study used completely randomized design except for solubility in rumen liquor study which was used completely blocked design. The collected data were analysed using ANOVA followed by Duncan multiple rank test except for mineral contents which used descriptive statistics. The results showed that all seaweed tested high in macro mineral contents except for Gelidium sp. Their solubility in HCl and rumen liquor were also high. It is concluded that all seaweed tested were good mineral sources for dairy cattle, except for Gelidium sp.
Copyright (c) 2017 Buletin Ilmu Makanan Ternak
KUALITAS SILAGE JAGUNG DI DATARAN RENDAH TROPIS PADA BERBAGAI UMUR PANEN UNTUK SAPI PERAH (Tropical lowland maize silage quality from different age of harvesting for dairy cattle)
Age of harvesting determine the maize forage condition prior to ensilage which influence the quality of silage produced. Nowadays, maize silage increasingly popular among smallholder dairy farmer in tropical lowland area, however, their optimum age of harvesting to produce the best silage quality have not been intensively studied. This experiment was aimed at finding the best age of maize plant to produce the best quality silage for tropical lowland. Four treatments (age of maize at harvesting), namely 60 d (T1), 70 d (T2), 80 d (T3) and 90 d (T4) of harvesting have been tested in producing whole plant maize silage. The silage was made in 2 kg laboratory plastic bag silo capacity and ensiled for 5 weeks. Physical (color, odor, texture, moisture and spoilage), fermentative (WSC, pH, DM, dry matter degradation, VFA, PK, protein degradation, NH3 and fleigh number), utility characteristic (in vitro rumen fermentability and digestibility) characteristics have been observed. Completely randomized design were used in this experiment except for utility characteristics which used block randomized design. Physical characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while fermentative and utility characteristics were analyzed using ANOVA. Significant different among the treatments were tested using polynomial orthogonal to find the best age of plant to produce the best silage quality. The results showed that DM content of maize plant increased linearly with the ages, but CP content decreased cubically in opposite curve shape to WSC content. The best silage quality material with 30% DM were not reached even at 90 d of harvesting. However, its CP contents decreased sharply after 80 d. Physical characteristics of the silage showed that no different between the treatments except for percentage spoilage silage. The lowest spoilage percentage was achieved if the plant harvested at 68 d, while the highest spoilage percentage was at 75 d. No statistically significant different were found in fermentative characteristic of silage among the treatments. All fermentative characteristics showed the silage in very good qualities. The DM loses during ensiling were not significantly influenced by the plant ages, although there were a trend toward decreasing number of loses with increasing of maize age of harvesting. Protein loses during ensiling were not influenced by the maize age. Fleigh number of the silage significantly increased after day 80. Fermentability of protein reduced with the age, while organic fermentability remained the same. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of the silage were the best at day 90. It is concluded that the best whole maize silage quality in tropical lowland were resulted from maize harvested at 90 d. Keywords: maize, silage, tropical lowland, dairy, age harvesting
ISOLATION OF NODULE-ASSOCIATED BACTERIA FROM Indigofera zollingeriana AND ITS CROSS INOCULATION TO MUNGBEAN
Indigofera zollingeriana is a shrubby legume which highly accepted as fodder to animal ration because of its high protein content. As a legume, this plant could provide itself a nitrogen because of its symbiotic relationship with rhizobia. Moreover, there are some other bacteria could be found in root nodule which also supports plant growth. This experiment was aimed to find rhizobia or Nodule-Associated Bacteria from Indigofera zollingeriana and its cross-nodulation capability on mungbean (Vigna radiata). Indigofera zollingeriana root nodules were collected from three different locations. Total of 9 isolates were collected and cultured on Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar (YEMA). Isolates were also tested for nodulation on I. zollingeriana and mungbean. Five days old isolate were inoculated to I. zollingeriana and mungbean seed for approximately 30 minutes and then sown into sterile sand. This experiment was designed in completely randomized design with three replications. Colonies morphology, Gram`s nature, nitrogenase activity of asymbiotic isolates, nodules number, nodules fresh weight, were observed. Isolates showed a raised glistening white colonies. Most of isolates showed a gram negative, but JP1 and KF isolate were found to be a gram positive. All isolates possesed a nitrogenase activity. Nodulation test showed that all isolates could renodulate I. zollingeriana better than control. BM isolate, which had the lightest nodule fresh weight on I. zollingeriana, could increased nodulation 13.62% better than the uninoculated treatment. Different case was found on mungbean, only JM1 and BM isolate that could nodulate better than control.
PERBANDINGAN SILASE RANSUM KOMPLIT BERBASIS JABON DAN JERAMI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERSEDIAAN PAKAN SAPI PERAH BERKUALITAS SECARA BERKESINAMBUNGAN (Comparison of complete rations silages made on rice straw or maize based for sustainable supply of quality f
The present research was aimed to compare two complete ration silages made on rice straw or maize based to increase availability and sustainability of dairy cows feed. This study was conducted in dairy farm area Cibungbulang, Bogor. The experiment was conducted in August 2016 until March 2017. Parameters measured in this experiment were physic, chemical, fermentative and utility characteristics of the silage. The experiment used completely randomized design for fermentative characteristics and randomized block design for utility characteristics with two treatments (R1 and R2), and four replications (as blocks based on the cows initial milk production). All data were analyzed using T-test. Physical characteristics used descriptive statistic. No significantly different data was found between the two based silage. The silage produced in this experiment were very good quality as shown by physical, chemical, fermentative and in vitro utility characteristics. It is concluded that rice straw can be used as based silage as good as maize if it is formulated to match the cow requirement. Key words: rice straw, maize, complete ration silage, dairy.
PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN NUTRIEN SAPI POTONG BIBIT YANG DIGEMBALAKAN DI PADANG MENGATAS (Nutrient sufficiencies of cows grazing in Padang Mengatas pasture)
Nutrients and biomass produced from a pasture depend on many factors. Among others are the pasture fertility and water availability. This study was aimed at identifying nutrient supply from pastures to satisfy beef cattle nutrient requirements grazing in BPTU-HPT Padang Mengatas, Luhak, 50 Kota District pasture at different seasons. Forage species, biomas and nutrient productions, land and nutrient carrying capacities as well as nutrient sufficiencies have been observed from paddocks in 3 stratified topographies ((TWL = Topography Wavey Leaning, TSC = Topography Sloping Currugated and THL = Topography Hilly Leaning) during two different seasons (rainy and dry seasons). This study used stratified random sampling with five replications. The observations have been conducted from January until March 2016 for the rainy season and from Augus until October 2016 for the dry season. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that signal grass (B. decumbens) were dominant species in the pasture (83.95% during rainy season and 81.33% during dry season). Legume species were found in relatively low percentage (0.66% during rainy season and 0.13% during dry season). There were significant different (P <0.05) of biomass (DM) and nutrient (crude fiber, ash, NDF and ADF) production, carrying capacity between rainy and dry seasons but crude protein, cellulosa and hemicellulosa production were not affected by the seasons. Number beef cattle grazing in the pasture were 1228.8 AU. Carrying capacities of the pasture based on biomass production during rainy season were 1054.6 AU for heavy grazing, 689.8 AU for middle grazing intensity and 268.8 AU for mild grazing intensity. During dry seasons the capacity become less (891.7, 583.2, and 280.4 AU respectively). Comparing the number of cattle kept in the pasture to their carrying capacity, it can be concluded that the pasture could not provided sufficient biomass for the animals in both seasons, therefore supplementation of concentrate or legume are suggested Keywords: forage, pasture land, the production of biomass, seasons, topography
KONDISI FISIOLOGIS, PROFIL DARAH DAN STATUS MINERAL PADA INDUK DAN ANAK KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWAH (PE) (Physiological Conditions, Blood Profile and Mineral Statues of Kid and Doe Etawah Crossbred)
Peranakan Etawah goat (PE) is one of dairy goats type which are developed in Indonesia for them well adapted to Indonesian climate. The pregnant doe and kid goat require higher nutrients making it more susceptible to health problems. This study aimed to learn the health statues of pregnant doe and kid goat Etawah Crossbred that rise in farm through the physiological condition, blood profile, and the minerals calcium and phosphorus statues. This study used 12 pregnant does and 11 kid goat. The results showed that calcium (143.03 and 0.11 ppm) and phosphorus (161.45 and 0.24 ppm) contents in pregnant doe blood was lower than the kid. Physiological condition in pregnant doe was normal range, but the blood profile of kid goat was higher than the parent. It is concluded that kid goat’s health statues was not better than the parent when viewed from the physiological condition and blood profile, but the mineral content of the kid was better than its parent. Keywords: growth of livestock, minerals elements Ca and P, physiological condition.
Copyright (c) 2016 Buletin Ilmu Makanan Ternak
DAMPAK RUMPUT ALAM DAN RUMPUT UNGGUL DALAM RANSUM SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP ERFORMA TERNAK (Influence of forage sources on ration quality and dairy cattle performances)
Forage offers to lactating cows by KPSBU Lembang cooperatives member mainly cultivated grass or natural grass with/without agricultural byproduct (non-cultivated). The different sources of forage offered influence the ration quality and nutrient intake of dairy cattle which may affect their performances (milk production and quality, body weight, Body condition (BCS) and manure score). A study to evaluate the influence of different forage sources on lactating cows’ performances have been conducted. Eight lactating cows were used to study 2 types of forage sources (cultivated forage and non-cultivated forage) as treatments with each treatment was repeated four times. The amount of feed offers have been weight, their nutrient contents and utilities (proximate composition, structural carbohydrate, mineral Ca and P, fermentability and digestibility) have been determined in laboratory, their metabolizable and net energy for lactation have been estimated. The animal performances have been measured and observed. The results showed that the source of forage significantly influence the nutrients offers. Farmers who used cultivated forage offered higher nutrients (crude lipid, crude protein, nitrogen free extract and digested crude protein) to their cows which resulted in higher milk production (14.8 vs. 11.9 l h-1 d-1) and BCS (2.6 vs. 2.3). Keywords : cultivated, dairy cattle, forage, intake, nutrient
EVALUASI KUALITAS PELLET PAKAN ITIK YANG DISUPLEMENTASI TEPUNG DAUN MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia) DAN DISIMPAN SELAMA 6 MINGGU (Quality evaluation of duct feed pellet supplemented with morinda (Morinda citrifolia) leave powder after 6 weeks storage)
ABSTRACT Ration in pellet form could increased feed efficiency level compared to mesh in poultry. The objective of the research was to evaluate Morinda citrifolia leaves in ducks ration on the pellet physical quality and rancidity level after storing. The treatments diet contained 18 % of crude protein and 3000 kkal kg-1 metabolizable energy. Pelleting diet process used simple wood pellet without steam, pellet knife and coller. The experiment was factorial using completely randomized design. Factor A was the percentage of mengkudu leaves (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5%). Factor B was the period of storage (0, 3 and 6 weeks). The data were analyzed by using analysis of varian (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range test. The variables were moisture content, water activity, density, compact bulk density, bulk density, pellet durability, pellet durability index, angle of repose, particle size, peroxide value, and fat content. The result showed that supplementation of Morinda citrifolia leaf and storage period significantly (P<0.05) affected the water activity and moisture content. Supplementation 7.5% of Morinda citrifolia leaves reduced (P<0.05) pellet density. The average pellet density in 0% Morinda citrifolia and 7.5% Morinda citrifolia were 1.27 g mL-1 and 1.22 g mL-1 respectively. Storing ducks pellet up to 6 weeks decreased physical pellet quality as indicated by increasing moisture content, water activity and the peroxide value. Keywords : Morinda citrifolia, pellet diet, peroxide value, storage
SUPLEMENTASI MANNANASE DALAM RANSUM RENDAH PROTEIN TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN KUALITAS TELUR AYAM ISA BROWN (Mannanase Supplementation in the Low-Protein Diet Fed to Isa Brown Hen on Egg Production and Quality)
The objective of the study was to evaluate whether mannanase supplementation in the low protein diet fed to laying hens from 31 to 45 weeks of age would improve egg production and quality. The experiment was designed into completely randomized designed with 2 treatments and 20 replicates. Two hundred and thirty six 31-week old ISA brown hens were distributed at random to individual cage. Two experimental diets containing 15% protein without (0%) or with mannanase supplementation (0,05% [72,5 MU/kg product Elanco, Animal Health IN, USA] ) were assigned to cages, so each treatment had 20 replicates with 5- 6 birds per treatment. Feed intake, egg production (hen day and egg mass), egg weight, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded every week in the period of 31-35 weeks and 42 to 45 weeks of age. On Week 34 and 45, eggs were collected for egg quality analysis (albumen height, haugh unit, yolk color, shell thickness, shell strength and shell weight). Data were subjected to one way of ANOVA (with 20 replicates per treatment). The results showed that mannanase supplementation had had no effects on performance parameters (feed intake, egg production, egg weidht, and FCR) measured at 31 to 35 weeks of age, but had significant effect (P <0,05) on daily feed intake, and FCR on 42 to 45 weeks of age. With regard to egg quality, only egg shell weight was improved by mannanase supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation to low protein diet could improve feed conversion and egg shell quality.
EVALUASI PRODUKSI BIOMASSA DAN KARAKTERISTK TAJUK Indigofera zollingeriana PADA JARAK TANAM YANG BERBEDA (Evaluation of biomass production and canopy characteristics of Indigofera zollingeriana on different plant spacing)
Indigofera zollingeriana is a legume tree which has a high quality and production. This study was aimed to evaluate the biomass production and canopy characteristics of I. zollingeriana on different plant spacing. This study was arranged by the randomized block design on 4 different plant spacing, namely 1.0 m x 1.25 m, 1.0 m x 1.0 m, 1.0 m x 0.75m and 1.0 m x 0.50 m with four replications. The observed variables were canopy characteristics such as number of branch and twig, individual plant biomass production (fresh and dry weights), total production of steam and leaf, and ratio of stem to leaf. Plant spacing was significantly increased the number of branch, individual biomass production (fresh and dry weights), total production of steam and leaf, stem to leaf ratio (P<0.05). The average of branch and twig number ranged from (19-34) and (9-21), while the steam to leaf ratio was less than 1. The highest production found at a plant spacing of 1.0 m x 1.25m was 5.09 kg/plant fresh weight or 1.29 kg/plant dry weight. It can be concluded that the plant spacing of 1.0 m x 1.5 m was the most ideal plant spacing to grow I. zollingeriana. Keywords. Plant spacing, biomass production, canopy, I. zollingeriana
EVALUASI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN JUS KULIT NANAS DENGAN RANSUM BERBEDA TERHADAP PERFORMA PUYUH (Cortunix cortunix japonica) Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Pineapple Peel Juice Using Different Ration on Quails Performance (Cortunix cortunix japonica)Anti
This research aimed to evaluate combination of pineapple peel juice and commercial diet and self made diet on performance, and antioxidant activity of quails. This research conducted using a complete randomized design factorial (2x2). Factor A used a different water drinking between Vita Stress (J0) and pineapple peel juice (J1). Factor B used different ration between commercial diet (RK) and self made diet (RS). This research used 320 quails which kept for 5 weeks and had given 4 treatments. The results showed that pineapple peel juice application which combined with commercial diet and self made diet had no significant effect to performance and carcass percentage. Pineapple peel application had a significant effect to increase diet consumption of quails (P<0.05). The self made diet had significant effect to increase drink consumption (P<0.05). Interaction between pineapple peel juice application which combined with commercial diet or self made diet application had significant effect in reducing MDA in liver and meat of quails (P<0.05). Pineapple peel juice supplementation didn’t interfere performance and had a potential as antioxidant in quail. Keywords: carcass percentage, MDA, performance, pineapple peel juice, quails.
Analysis of local forage potential under ruminant - palm plantation integration system in Mandau District, Bengkalis Regency of Riau Province
Palm plantations have a huge potential to support ruminant farm through forage supplies under palm trees. The aim of this research was to obtained information about forage local potential production under palm plantations in term on availability forage species, production, botanical composition and nutrition composition. Data collection was conducted in Mandau distric, Bengkalis regency, Riau province, from March to July 2015. We focussed on three villages with the widest area of palm plantation Petani Village, Sebangar Village and Bumbung Village. Plot sampling classified by palm trees age 3 years, 9 years and 15 years. The research resulted we found 20 forage specieses 1in palm plantation. Forage botanical composition on palm plantation 3 years dominated by Panicum anceps about 62,35% (Bumbung village), 50,20% (Petani village) and 56,59% (Sebangar village), while the age 9 and 15 years dominated by Paspalum conjugatum. Forage species dominate at all village an age are Paspalum conjugatum dan Ageratum conyzoides. The highest wet weight production found in 3 years age palm plantation, are 11.906,29 kg ha-1 (Bumbung village), 11.628,96 kg ha-1 (Sebangar village) dan 5.775,63 kg ha-1 (`Petani village). Nutrision composition was convert to wet material percent. The Sebangar village on 3 years age have highest dry weigh 35,43%. The highest crude protein on 9 years age of Petani village (3,79%). The highest crude fat on 3 years age of bumbung village (1,07%) and the highest fiber crude on 3 years age of Petani village (11,15%). Keywords : Forage, palm, production, ruminant, Riau
EVALUASI PEMBERIAN PAKAN PADA ITIK DENGAN SISTEM PEMELIHARAAN INTENSIF DAN SEMI INTENSIF DI PETERNAKAN RAKYAT (The study of duck feeding management kept under intensive and semi intensive systems by smallholder farmer)
This experiments aims to study the effect of feeding duck management with extensive and semi intensive system for feed quality, eggs quality and egg production. This experiments used one hundred ducks (intensive) and one hundred ducks semi intensive (fifty ducks in rice field, fifty ducks in the river) that twelve month old. This experiments was conducted in duck raising in Ciherang Village, Bogor Regency. The variables measured were content of nutrient ration, eggs production and quality of eggs. Production and quality of eggs were analyzed using Anova. The results showed that intensive system used commercial ration contained 9.85% moisture, 12.89 % crude protein, 9.94% crude fiber, 2.87% fat, 4.35% Ca, and 0.20% P while semi intensive system of duck used commercial ration plus feed from rice field like grain of rice, grass, and unknown material with contained 9.56% moisture, 12.03% crude protein, 10.66% crude fiber, 2.93% fat, 4.41%, Ca and 0.16% P and feed from the river like snails, small crabs, sand, and small stones which contained 9:99 % moisture, 11.76 % crude protein, 11.81% crude fiber, 3.03 % fat, 4:57% Ca, 0:18% P. The system of duck raising did not significantly different for quality of eggs. Production and yolk colour score of egg in semi intensive system (in rice field) higher than intensive system P<0.05).
Physical Quality of Magelang Duck’s Egg Fed Diet Containing Indigofera sp. and Lemuru Fish Oil
The aim of this study was to study the effect of Indigofera sp. leaf meal and lemuru fish oil in rations on physical quality of Magelang duck’s egg. One hundred and eighty laying duks of 22 weeks old were randomly divided into 6 experimental units with 3 replications. The experimental design used was a factorial completely randomized design 3 x 2, the first factor was levels of Indigofera sp. leaf meal (0%, 5.5% and 11%) and the second factor was levels of lemuru fish oil (0% and 2%). Parameters observed were egg weight, percentage of albumen weight, percentage of yolk weight, percentage of egg shell weight, egg shell thickness and yolk color. The result showed that the use 11 % of Indigofera sp. leaf meal or 2% of lemuru fish oil increased significantly (P<0.01) percentage of albumen weight and yolk color, and reduced significantly (P>0.05) egg weight and percentage of yolk weight. The treatments had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on percentage of egg shell weight and egg shell thickness.
Nutrient Intake and Digestibility of Beef Cattle Fed with Ration Containing Soybean Pod
Soybean pod are potential as feed sources for beef cattle. They contain 5.5% crude protein, 35.4% crude fiber, acid detergent fiber 51.4%, and 12.9% lignin. The aims of this study was to analyze the optimal level of soybean pod utilization as Madura cattle ration and to asses its effect on intake and digestibility of nutrients. The study used 12 heads Madura cattle and kept in the individual cage for 90 days. The study used randomized complete block design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were T0: grass only (negative control), T1: grass + concentrate with ratio 40:60 (positive control), T2: complete ration of 15% soybean pod, T3: complete ration of 30% soybean pod. Parameter observed were nutrient intake and digestibility. The results showed that the use of soybean pod up to 30% in ration significantly increased (P<0.05) nutrients intake and digestibility compared to the control ration (grass only) and similar with the used of grass + concentrate ration (positive control). In conclusion, soybean pod have potency as feed sources and the use of soybean up to 30% in the complete ration have positive effect on intake and digestibility of nutrients.
Studi produksi dan kualitas hijauan di lahan padang rumput UPT peternakan Universitas Andalas Padang
The present research was aimed to study the quality of forages and productivity of pasture managed by the teaching farm unit (UPT) of Andalas University by taking samples of forages from 8 paddocks. Samples of forages in fresh form were collected in 5 different sampling points of each paddock by using quadrant plate meter of 0.5x0.5 m in size. The fresh samples were weighed and then sorted by plant species for identification of botanical composition. The samples were then remixed, dried and ground for chemical analysis. Parameter measured included forage mass production, botanical composition, carrying capacity, DM and nutrient content of CP, CF and ash.Results shown that there were 12 kinds of species grown at the pasture, i.e. 5 gramineae, 4 leguminosae and 3 kinds of browse.Nutrient content of CP, CF and crde ash ranged from 7.2 to 18.7 %, 37.1 to 47.7 % and 6.6 to 10.0 % DM, respectively.Mean production of forages mass in fresh form of about 26.19 t/year with carrying capacities of 2.07 AU/paddock. The total carrying capacity of the pasture was about16.1 AU/ha. Keywords: forage mass production, forages quality, pasture
PERFORMA SAPI POTONG SEBAGAI RESPON DARI SUPLEMENTASI PROBIOTIK PADAT DAN CAIR
(PERFORMANCE OF BEEF CATTLE IN RESPONSE TO SOLID AND LIQUID PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTATION) Probiotics are live microbial feed supplements form, providing beneficial effects for the host animal by improving the balance of microorganisms in the digestive tract. This study aims to examine the benefits of probiotic supplementation in the form of liquid and solid on performance of beef cattle. The treatment used is as follows: P1: Ration Control (forage + concentrate + rice bran), P2: Ration Control + 0.25% solids probiotic in the concentrate, P3: Ration Control + 1% liquid probiotic through drinking water. Experimental design used was Randomized Block Design with 18 cows that are divided into six groups based on body weight and 3 treatment ration. Parameters measured were consumption of nutrients, body weight gain, efficiency of feed utilization, and Income Over Feed Costs (IOFC). The collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The test results statistically showed that the treatment was not significant (P> 0.05) effect on the consumption of nutrients, body weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization. Keywords: beef cattle, liquid probiotics, performance, solid probiotics
PENGGUNAAN DEDAK GANDUM KASAR (WHEAT BRAN) SEBAGAI PENGGANTI JAGUNG DENGAN KOMBINASI TEPUNG DAUN MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia) UNTUK MENGHASILKAN TELUR PUYUH SEHAT RENDAH KOLESTEROL DAN KAYA VITAMIN A
(SUBTITUTION CORN WITH WHEAT BRAN COMBINATED Morinda citrifolia LEAVES TO PRODUCE HEALTHY QUAIL EGGS LOW CHOLESTEROL AND RICH IN VITAMIN A) Egg is source of protein food that has consumed by people. People choose it because the price relatively cheap and the content of nutrients was completed. However, some people restrict to consume it because cholesterol on egg yolks is high. Quail eggs has cholesterol content higher than hens eggs every gram of weight. The study was done to analyze the quality of eggs , cholesterol levels and vitamin A on eggs. The experimental design used in this research was completely randomized design (CRD) for quality of egg with 4 treatments and 4 replication. R0 control, R1(6% Morinda citrifolia leaf meal and 5% wheat bran), R2(6% Morinda citrifolia leaf meal and 10% wheat bran) and R3(6% Morinda citrifolia leaf meal and 15% wheat bran). R1, R2, and R3 have good result in quality of eggs. R0 have the lowest cholesterol and the highest vitamin A in R2. Keywords: cholesterol, Morinda citrifolia leaves, quail egg, vitamin A, wheat bran
The Effect of Corn Particle Size on Starch Digestibility: In vitro
Corn is the major component of broiler feed. The biggest component of corn is starch that is used as main energy source in broiler feed. Corn particle size influence cost production of broiler feed, since decreasing grain particle to finer size requires greater energy use for grinding. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of corn particle size on starch digestibility in vitro. The three particle sizes of corn were achieved by grinding corn in a hammer mill to pass through 3.25 mm (T1), 2 mm (T2), and 0.6 mm (T3) screen sizes. Starch content was measured from 100 g samples of each treatment. Digestibility of the starch was measured using hydrolysis digestion. The starch was digested using amyloglucosidase enzyme and read after the digested sample were mixed with glucose oxidase and peroxidase (GOPOD) reagents. The results show that starch content of T1 was 66.50 %, T2 was 64.25 % and T3 was 66.40%. The digestibility of corn starch was higher for T3 compared with that of T1 and T2. It can be concluded that particle size improved starch digestibility of corn. Keywords: Corn, partdicle size, starch digestibility
PENGOLAHAN DAUN LAMTORO SECARA FISIK DENGAN BENTUK MASH, PELLET DAN WAFER TERHADAP PERFORMA DOMBA (Physics processing of leucaena leaves by mash, pellet and wafer on the performance of sheep)
Leucaena leaves are an alternative forage of protein source for ruminants containing mimosineas anti-nutrition. Leucaena leaves processing necessary to reduce the content of mimosine, such as physical processing in the form of mash, pellets and wafers. This experiment was designed by randomized block design with 4 levels of treatment and 3 blocks of sheep body weight. The levels of treatment were R1 : control diet, R2 : control diet + 15% leucaena leaves in mash, R3 : control diet + 15% leucaena leaves in pellet and R4 : control diet + 15% leucaena leaves in wafer. Based on the results, the form of pellet and wafer able to reduce mimosine content more than 30% compared to mash. The results showed values significantly different (P <0.05) on dry matter intake, organic matter, crude protein, body weight gain and IOFC. Treatment of R4 showed dry matter intake of 1062 g/head/day, this value is 16% greater than the R1. Body weight gain and IOFC from treatment R4 of 145.54 g/head/day this value is 102% greater than the R1.
Pengaruh Pemberian berbagai Tingkat Protein terhadap Penampilan Puyuh Petelur
A study was carried out to invastigate the effect of dietary protein levels with the same amino acid composition on egg production of Japanese quails. The protein levels were : 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, and 22%. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The experiment lasted from 5 weeks to 7 weeks of use. Protein level in diets increased hen-day egg production and feed conversion signifiantly (P<0.05). The 18% and 22% protein diets had the same effect on egg weight, feed consumption and feed conversion. It appears from this experiment that 18% protein diet is sufficient to increase egg production of japanese quails.
Pengaruh berbagai Tingkat Lisin dan Metionin yang dibutuhkan Puyuh Jepang (Coturnix-Coturnix Japonica) terhadap Produksi Telur
The aim of this experiment was to get some information concerning lysine and methionine requirements for egg production. Five weeks of age of Female Japanese Quail were subjected to 9 treatments. The treatments were 3 levels of lysine (1.39%; 1.18%; 0.92%) and 3 level of methionine (0.55%; 0.45%; 0.35%). The basal diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Egg production was significantly increased by lysine (P<0.05) as well as methionine (P<0.01). The highest production was achieved by a combination of 1.38% lysine and 0.55% methionine. However, the treatments did not influenced feed consumption and feed conversion.
Rendemen dan Komposisi Kimia Biji Sorgum yang disosoh dengan Alat Sosoh Batu Gurinda
Nutritive value of sorghum grain can be improved by separating the pericarp (bran) from its endotherm (polished grain) with grindstone polisher. Laboratory scale grindstone polisher, "SATAKE" was used to polish three varieties of dark sorghum grain of No. 46, No. 6C and UPCA-S2. They were subjected to different polishing time (1, 2 and 3 minutes) and moisture content (10%, 12% and 14%). Variety and polishing time significantly (P<0.05) affected the parameters. Polished grain recovered decreased from 60% polished in one minute to 36% in three minutes. More than 88% tannin was removed. About 40% of protein was removed in one minute polishing and 60% was in three minutes. About 56% of ADF was also removed in one minute and 68% in three minutes polishing. Moisture content of the whole grain did not seem significantly to affect all parameters. It is concluded that in order to separate the pericarp from its endotherm of sorghum grain, grindstone polisher can effectively be used. Key words: Sorghum, polishing, yield, chemical composition.
Efek Selang Bekerja terhadap Perubahan Bobot Badan dan Penggunaan Pakan pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole
The aim of this study was to investigate if working period could affect growth and feed consumption of Ongole cross cattle. Twenty four heifers were used in a completely randomized experiment that consisted of 4 working patterns: not working, one day working + two days rasting, one day working + one day rasting and working every day. Each treatment was replicated 6 times. All worked animals pulled a 45 kg-burden from 7.00-11.00 a.m. With 30 minutes break (8.00-8.30 a.m.). All animals were fed with native grasses ad libitum + 0.75 kg concentrate per day. Working pattern did not affect weight gain as well as feed efficiency. The average daily gain was 0.27 kg and the feed efficiency was 0.0649 (gain/consumption). However, it significantly (p<0.05) influenced the feed consumption, feed cost and water consumption. The mean value of the feed consumption, feed cost and water consumption were 4.22 kg, Rp. 264.17, and 4.17 kg, respectively.
The Effects of Grazing Pressure on The Body Weight Gain and Pasture Performance
In order to get information on the influence of grazing pressure on the body weight gain of Bali Cattle and pasture performance, nine Bali cattle were used in the experiment conducted at Mini Ranch in Barru, South Sulawesi. The area was divided into three plots with different stocking rate i.e. Plot A = 1.0 head/ha; Plot B = 1.5 heads/ha and Plot C = 2 heads/ha. Three cattles as replication, were placed in each plot. Research results showed that the higher the stocking rate the lower the daily weight gain (DWG) (P<0.05). The carrying capacity tended to be lower with the increase of stocking rate, and the botanical composition also changed with stocking rate.
In Vitro Protein Digestibility (IVPD) of Three Indonesian Sorghum Varieties Affected by Water Treatment and Incubation Time
The objective of this experiment was to study if incubating the water treated grain could improve the in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) values of three varieties of Indonesian sorghum (UPCA-S1, KD-4, and No. 46 varieties). Each variety of sorghum was divided into four groups of incubation time: 0 day (as a control group), 1, 2, and 3 days. All of the grains were brought into water content of 30% and incubated at 32⁰C. The IVPD values varied with sorghum variety (P<0.05). TheIVPD value of untreated UPCA-S₁ was higher than those of KD-4 and No. 46. The effect of adding water to the grain followed by incubation at 32⁰C for several days signigicantly improved (P<0.05) the IVPD values of all the three varieties.
Penggunaan Lumpur Sawit Kering (Dried Palm Oil Sludge) dan Serat Sawit (Palm Press Fiber) dalam Ransum Pertumbuhan Sapi Perah
An experiment was conducted to evaluate substitution of native grass and rice bran eith palm press fiber (PPF) and dried palm oil sludge (POS) in nine growing males dairy cattle. The animal had a mean of liveweight of 190 ± 11.2 kg. Levels of substitution were 0, 50, and 100% or 0, 15, and 30% of ration dry matter. Inclusion of PPF and POS in ration had no effect on daily liveweight gain (1.270 ± 0.2 kg). Analysis of empty body composition using the urea space technique revealed that the liveweight gain was associated with deposition of protein and fat. PPF had a low palatability and reduced total dry matter intake when the inclusion was higher than 7% of ration dry matter. However, the PPF was fermentable and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration in the rumen increased linearly as PPF level increased in the ration (VFA = 75 ± 0.53 PPF; P<0.05). The intake of the digested organic matter was 2.63, 2.68, and 1.97 kg and that of digestible energy was 19.3, 19.5 and 15.5 Mcal for ration caontaining 0, 15, 30% of PPF, respectively. It was concluded that the POS was an excellent substitute for rice bran, but PPF as a grass substitute should be limited up to 23% of total grass dry matter or 7% of ration dry matter.
The Sequence of The Limiting Amino Acids in Wheat Protein
A series of experiment was conducted at the Departement of Nutrition Biochemistry and Microbiology the University of New England, Australia, in order to examine the sequence of the limiting amino acid in wheat protein. Four wheats of different crude protein (CP) content (15.4, 16.2, 16.5 and 17.3%) were used in this experiment. Male, one-day-old Steggles broilers were segregated on the basis of live weight into groups of 8 chicks ,and given four experimental diets in four replicates. The chicks were housed in electrically_head four_deck battery brooders with wire mesh floors. Four basal diets, formulated to be deficient in lysine, methionine and threonine, were comprised mainly of four different wheats as methioned before. All diets were of equal metabolizable energy (ME) and CP contents and were fed in a mash form. Synthetic L -lysine, DL-methionine and L-threonine, alone or in combinations, were added to the basal diets as a test diet. Commercial broiler starter crumbles and complete diet were used as the control. chicks were grown from 1 day old to 15 days in experiments 3 and 4. Body weight gain (BWG, g/day) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, feed/gain) were variables to be measured. The results showed that lysine was found to be the only amino acid limiting broiler growth in diets based on wheat containing CP greater than 16% (as fed). Threonine was found to be the second amino acid after lysine limiting broiler growth in diets based on wheat containing CP less than 16% (as fed). It appears that the mash form of the experimental diet (basal diet of high-protein wheat with added lysine) was the main factor responsible for lower growth of the chicks compared to those on commercial broiler crumbles.