Journal Description ARSHI Veterinary Letters (ARSHI Vet Lett) (e-ISSN 2581-2416) is an open-access, peer-reviewed online journal focusing predominantly on veterinary clinical case reports and practical studies. The journal provides a platform for veterinarians, clinicians, and researchers to share recent findings, innovative clinical approaches, and regionally relevant cases that advance the understanding and practice of veterinary medicine. Established in 2017, ARSHI Vet Lett was originally published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FVM), Bogor Agricultural University, and is currently managed by the School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (SVMB) (FVM change to SVMB per 25 December 2021 Rector Letter No 328), IPB University, in collaboration with the Indonesian Veterinary Hospital Association (ARSHI). The journal publishes four issues annually (February, May, August, and November) and accepts manuscripts written in English or Indonesian. All articles published in ARSHI Vet Lett has been indexed in: Crossreff, WorldCat, Scilit, Dimension, EBSCO, CABI, LensScholar, Garuda, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academia, and being process for other directory of research journal index Aim The aim of ARSHI Veterinary Letters is to promote the dissemination of clinically oriented veterinary knowledge through the publication of case-based research, diagnostic innovations, and applied biomedical findings. The journal seeks to strengthen the connection between veterinary science and clinical practice, especially in the context of animal health challenges and advancements in Southeast Asia. Scope ARSHI Veterinary Letters welcomes submissions in all aspects of veterinary medicine and biomedical sciences, with a particular emphasis on case reports, clinical research, and applied veterinary studies. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: Clinical and surgical case reports in companion and farm animals Diagnostic imaging and laboratory findings in clinical cases Disease management and therapeutic interventions Veterinary pathology, pharmacology, and toxicology Reproductive disorders and biotechnological applications Zoonotic and emerging diseases in tropical regions Biomedical innovations and clinical veterinary education The journal encourages submissions presenting unique, rare, or regionally significant clinical cases and practical insights that contribute to the improvement of veterinary medical services, animal welfare, and public health in Southeast Asia. Uniqueness ARSHI Veterinary Letters focuses on clinical case–driven and practitioner-oriented studies in veterinary medicine, particularly within the tropical and Southeast Asian context. The journal serves as a scientific platform for veterinarians and clinicians to share real-world clinical experiences, diagnostic approaches, and applied biomedical findings. It uniquely bridges academic research and daily veterinary practice through concise and rapidly published reports.
School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University
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Hematological and biochemical alterations in geriatric dogs: a short-interval clinical screening study
Geriatric dogs experience a progressive decline in overall organ function with advancing age, making routine health screening essential for the early detection of asymptomatic age-related disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the health status of geriatric dogs using comprehensive blood profile analysis. Blood samples were collected from six dogs aged 10 years that were intensively managed at the Veterinary Teaching Clinic, Study Program of Veterinary Paramedic, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. Hematological and serum biochemical examinations were performed, including the assessment of AST, ALT, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, total bilirubin, ALP, cholesterol, GGT, BUN, creatinine, and glucose levels. Blood examinations were conducted twice at intervals of approximately four weeks. All geriatric dogs exhibited evidence of declining health status, characterized by alterations in several complete blood count parameters, including thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and mild lymphocytosis. In addition, changes in the biochemical profile were observed, notably elevated AST and BUN levels in several dogs. These findings highlight the importance of regular hematological and biochemical monitoring in geriatric dogs to support the early detection and clinical management of age-associated physiological deterioration.
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Hematobiochemical comparison of fat-tailed sheep naturally infected with nematodes in the highlands
Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites are a major factor in reducing the productivity of small ruminants, particularly fat-tailed sheep, in tropical regions. This study aimed to evaluate the hematological and biochemical profiles of blood as indicators of GI nematode infection in sheep raised in the highlands. A total of 11 two-year-old ewes were used, consisting of three Trichostrongylus sp.-positive, four Strongyloides sp.-positive, and four negative ewes based on fecal examination. Hematological parameters were analyzed using ABX Micros 60, and biochemical parameters were analyzed using ABX Pentra C200. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni's post hoc test. The results showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in any of the hematological and biochemical parameters between the infected and uninfected groups. This variation in hematopoietic responses is thought to be influenced by infection intensity, nutritional status, individual variation, sample size limitations, and environmental conditions
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Enhancing pregnancy rates in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) through prostaglandin F₂α–based estrus synchronization
This study evaluated the effectiveness of estrus synchronization using prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in Bali cattle and assessed the pregnancy outcomes following the initial treatment and subsequent resynchronization. Ten Bali cattle received two PGF2α injections, administered 11 days apart, following standard recommendations. Animals exhibiting estrus were artificially inseminated, and pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30–45 days post-insemination using ultrasonography. Cattle that failed to conceive during the first cycle underwent a resynchronization protocol two weeks later. The synchronization protocol produced a 100% estrus response, with an initial pregnancy rate of 40% (4 cattle). Resynchronization of the six non-pregnant cattle yielded two additional pregnancies (33.3%), resulting in an overall pregnancy rate of 60%. These findings demonstrate that PGF2α is effective in regulating the estrus cycle and enhancing the reproductive efficiency of Bali cattle, particularly when integrated with a resynchronization strategy.
Diabetic ketoacidosis complicated by chronic kidney disease in a domestic shorthair cat
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening metabolic complication secondary to diabetes mellitus (DM), a common endocrine disorder in cats. This condition is characterized by severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and metabolic acidosis resulting from insulin deficiency and excessive ketone production. A 7-year-old castrated male cat presented with dyspnea, vomiting, marked dehydration, and hypothermia. Laboratory findings revealed severe hyperglycemia, glucosuria, ketonuria, azotemia, and elevated hepatic enzyme levels, confirming DKA complicated by chronic kidney disease. The cat received intensive therapy, including oxygen supplementation, intravenous fluids with potassium, insulin administration, antibiotics, and supportive care. Although transient improvement in electrolyte levels was achieved, glycemic control remained unstable, and the patient succumbed after three days of hospitalization.
Feline pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma associated with passive smoking in a 14-year-old neutered male cat
Pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma is a rare, aggressive neoplasm associated with poor clinical outcomes in cats. This report describes a 14-year-old neutered male domestic cat who developed pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma after chronic exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke. The cat presented with persistent cough, inappetence, and progressive dyspnea. Diagnostic evaluation using thoracic radiography and cytological examination revealed neoplastic proliferation, consistent with histiocytic sarcoma. Despite supportive therapy, the cat's condition deteriorated, and euthanasia was elected because of grave prognosis. This case highlights the oncogenic impact of passive smoking on companion animals and the need for public awareness of smoke-free environments for pet health. Further studies are required to elucidate how environmental carcinogens, particularly tobacco smoke, contribute to cancer pathogenesis in domestic species.
Pain management approach in a cat with feline arterial thromboembolism assessed using the Feline Grimace Scale
Feline arterial thromboembolism (FATE) is a life-threatening condition characterized by partial or complete arterial obstruction due to thrombus formation, most commonly secondary to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The resulting ischemia causes severe pain, which is often overlooked in clinical practice. The Feline Grimace Scale (FGS) provides a rapid and objective tool for pain assessment in cats. This report describes an adult female cat presenting with left hindlimb paresis, cyanosis, and femoral pulse deficit, with an initial FGS score of 6/10. Blood chemistry showed elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels, and echocardiography confirmed reduced femoral arterial flow and myocardial hypertrophy, consistent with HCM. A multimodal management approach was applied, including gabapentin, tramadol, clopidogrel, furosemide, and heparin therapy. Despite treatment, the affected limb developed gangrene, necessitating amputation. Preoperative analgesia consisted of pethidine, ketamine, and xylazine, followed by regional lidocaine nerve blocks and postoperative fentanyl continuous rate infusion. The surgical site healed completely within 21 days, and over a four-month follow-up period, the FGS score improved from 9 to 0, indicating complete pain resolution.
Anoplasty for type III atresia ani with fistula complicated by megacolon in a puppy
Congenital anorectal malformations, including atresia ani, are uncommon conditions in small animals that cause gastrointestinal dysfunction. This case report describes the surgical management and outcomes of type III atresia ani in a juvenile dog. A one-month-old female mixed-breed puppy presented with severe tenesmus, progressive abdominal distension, and complete absence of normal faecal passage. Clinical examination identified an anal dimple lacking a functional opening, accompanied by a small ventral perineal fistula. Radiographic assessment confirmed type III atresia ani, characterised by a blind-ending rectal pouch located more than 1 cm cranial to the anal dimple and associated with marked megacolon. Surgical intervention was performed via anoplasty, combined with manual evacuation of the impacted faeces and temporary anal stenting using a 1-cc syringe port to maintain luminal patency. Postoperative management included broad-spectrum antibiotics, lactulose, analgesic therapy, and meticulous wound care. Although normal defaecation was restored, the patient developed tenesmus, incomplete evacuation, and faecal incontinence. These complications are associated with irreversible megacolon and anal sphincter dysfunction. Conservative therapy failed to achieve improvement, indicating the need for surgical intervention.
Temperament profiles and social compatibility in captive female long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) may exhibit agonistic behavior when housed in groups due to individual incompatibility, which can negatively affect social stability and animal welfare in captive settings. Temperament assessment has been proposed as a useful approach for evaluating individual compatibility prior to grouping. This study aimed to identify the temperament profiles of individual female long-tailed macaques housed at the Primate Research Center, IPB University. Temperament assessment was conducted on 11 adult females divided into two cage groups using the human intruder test in the profile phase. Behavioral responses were categorized into five temperament types. The results showed that four individuals exhibited neutral–aggressive temperament, three neutral–affiliative, two neutral–anxious, one neutral–fearful, and one fearful–neutral temperament. Comparative analysis indicated that cage group B displayed a higher proportion of affiliative-oriented individuals and greater overall compatibility than cage group A.
Phase-dependent effects of purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina KDS) on estrous cycle modulation in virgin female rats
Purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina KDS) is a traditional medicinal herb that has been widely studied for its androgenic properties in male reproductive research. However, their effects on female reproductive performance remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the influence of purwoceng on the duration of each estrous phase and the overall estrous cycle in female rats. Forty-eight virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into four groups according to their estrous phase at the start of treatment: proestrus, oestrus, metestrus, and diestrus. Each group consisted of six control and six Purwoceng-treated animals. The extract was administered intragastrically for ten consecutive days, while vaginal smear evaluations continued until day 15 to monitor estrous cyclicity. The results demonstrated that purwoceng administration during the two estrous cycles generally prolonged the proestrus and oestrus phases, with a statistically significant extension of the oestrus phase observed when treatment was provided during oestrus (P < 0.05). Conversely, the durations of the metestrus and diestrus phases were reduced, except when Purwoceng was administered during metestrus, which resulted in an increased metestrus duration. In conclusion, purwoceng exhibited the greatest modulatory effect when administered during the oestrus phase, suggesting a phase-dependent responsiveness of the female reproductive cycle to this herbal extract.
Cytological diagnosis of canine transmissible venereal tumor in an intact male domestic dog
Canine transmissible venereal tumors (CTVT) are one of the few naturally occurring transmissible cancers in mammals and pose a significant challenge to canine populations worldwide. Transmitted through coitus, this contagious round-cell neoplasm affects the external genitalia of dogs, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis to prevent tumor progression and limit transmission. Cytological evaluation provides a rapid, reliable, and minimally invasive diagnostic approach that enables the definitive identification of CTVT based on its cellular morphology. A two-year-old intact male domestic dog presented with chronic preputial discharge and genital discomfort. Physical examination revealed a reddish, cauliflower-like mass at the base of the penis. Cytological analysis of the preputial exudate revealed numerous round lymphoblast-like cells with a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, prominent nucleoli, and frequent mitotic figures, consistent with CTVT. No therapeutic interventions were performed. This case reinforces the value of cytological examination as a diagnostic tool for genital tumors in dogs, facilitating prompt clinical decision-making and supporting disease management in endemic regions.
Treatment of otitis externa caused by Malassezia spp. in a local dog: a non-systemic antifungal approach
Malassezia spp. are part of the commensal microbiota on the skin and ears of dogs; however, under certain conditions, they can overgrow, triggering otitis externa. Systemic therapy is effective; however, its use is limited by its potential for resistance and hepatotoxic effects. This article reports a case of dextra otitis externa caused by Malassezia spp. in a 1.5-year-old male dog. On initial examination, the dog showed swelling of the right ear flap, scratching wounds, yellowish exudate, narrowing of the ear canal, as well as alopecia, erythema, and nodules on the ear flap and neck. The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical examination and cytology, which revealed the presence of Malassezia spp. The treatment consisted of ear cleaning with a 3% chlorhexidine solution (topical, q12h for 14 days), bathing with a 2% miconazole nitrate-medicated shampoo, and additional therapy with antibiotics, prednisone, chlorpheniramine maleate, and supplements. Evaluation at the 7-day post-treatment follow-up showed a marked clinical improvement. At the 25-day post-treatment follow-up, the patient recovered without recurrence. This case report confirms that topical antifungal therapy with supportive therapy is effective for the treatment of Malassezia spp. in dogs.
Mycotic pneumonia in a domestic cat caused by Mycoleptodiscus indicus has zoonotic potential and may pose a threat to national security
Environmental conditions play a critical role in disease transmission in companion animals, particularly in humid settings that facilitate pathogen proliferation and spread. Mycoleptodiscus indicus is an opportunistic, saprobic, and endophytic fungus that causes systemic infections in various hosts, including humans. This case report describes a fatal M. indicus infection in a kitten. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, cytology, fungal culture, necropsy, and histopathological analysis. Gross pathology revealed swelling and hemorrhage in the heart, spleen, kidneys, and liver, with pulmonary necrosis and hemorrhage. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of fungal spores in the pulmonary tissue. Cytological and culture analyses confirmed the presence of M. indicus. The kitten's death resulted from respiratory invasion by M. indicus spores, which led to systemic dissemination and sepsis.
Multiorgan dysfunction in a geriatric dog with congestive heart failure complicated by chronic kidney disease and uremic enteritis
Congestive heart failure (CHF) in geriatric dogs may progress to multi-organ dysfunction, particularly affecting the renal and gastrointestinal systems. A 12-year-old male Golden Retriever presented with progressive dyspnea, nocturnal cough, vomiting, diarrhea, and weakness. Clinical examination revealed severe dyspnea with mild cyanosis. Hematology revealed mild anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis, whereas biochemistry revealed severe azotemia (urea 238.9 mg/dL; creatinine 14.85 mg/dL), indicating advanced chronic kidney disease. Thoracic radiography showed cardiomegaly with pulmonary edema, and abdominal radiography revealed intestinal gas distension, suggesting uremic enteritis. The patient received supportive care, including IV fluids, oxygen, antibiotics, and gastroprotective agents. Despite respiratory improvement, gastrointestinal bleeding persisted. The diagnosis was left-sided congestive heart failure with advanced chronic kidney disease and uremic enteritis. The prognosis was infausta. The patient was treated with four days of supportive therapy consisting of low-rate intravenous Ringer’s lactate, antibiotics, gastroprotectants, vitamin B-complex supplementation, and oxygen therapy.
Treatment of concurrent babesiosis and ehrlichiosis in a dog using imidocarb dipropionate and doxycycline
Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a well-recognized vector of tick-borne diseases, including babesiosis and ehrlichiosis, in dogs. This case report describes the successful therapeutic management of concurrent babesiosis and ehrlichiosis using imidocarb dipropionate and doxycycline. A 10-month-old male domestic dog presented with anorexia, weakness, pyrexia, erythema on the medial aspect of the hind limb, and heavy tick infestation. Complete blood count analysis revealed leukopenia, granulocytopenia, increased mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and thrombocytopenia. Blood smear examination revealed the presence of intraerythrocytic parasites and Ehrlichia morulae within the monocytes. In addition, a rapid antibody test yielded positive results for Babesia spp. and Ehrlichia spp. The dog was treated with a comprehensive therapeutic regimen consisting of fluralaner, imidocarb dipropionate, doxycycline, and supportive supplementation with multi-vitamins and minerals. Twenty-eight days after initiation of therapy, the dog showed marked clinical improvement, as evidenced by the absence of blood-borne pathogens on smear examination and substantial recovery of hematological parameters
Effects of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) on blood profile and uric acid levels of rats
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a medicinal plant with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This study evaluated the effects of 20% and 80% lemongrass infusion on haematological profiles and uric acid levels in Sprague Dawley rats. Thirty rats were assigned to three groups: control, 20% infusion, and 80% infusion groups. The results showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in haematological parameters, although fluctuations in erythrocyte and leukocyte indices occurred. The 80% infusion reduced erythrocyte parameters, suggesting potential hypochromic macrocytic anaemia, while the 20% infusion reduced leukocyte counts and uric acid levels. These findings indicate that lemongrass infusion has immunomodulatory and anti-hyperuricemic effects, although higher concentrations may affect erythrocytes.
Concurrent malasseziosis and otitis externa in a senior pug
Dermatitis is a common skin disorder in dogs, caused by a variety of factors including fungi, ectoparasites, bacteria, and metabolic diseases. This case report describes a 7-year-old male pug with dermatitis associated with Malassezia infection and concurrent otitis externa caused by bacterial and Malassezia infections. The dog exhibited clinical signs, including pruritus, erythema, scaling, hyperpigmentation, lichenification, malodor, oily coat, and wet, malodorous ear discharge. Cytological analysis of skin and ear samples, performed using acetate tape preparation and otic swabs, revealed the presence of Malassezia yeast and cocci-shaped bacteria. Hematological evaluation revealed normocytic normochromic anemia. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed with Malasseziosis and bacterial-Malassezia otitis externa. A comprehensive therapeutic regimen was implemented, including oral antifungal ketoconazole, sebazole shampoo, oticon ear drops, anti-inflammatory methylprednisolone, antihistamine chlorpheniramine maleate, and supportive supplementation with multivitamins (Livron B-plex) and fish oil. After 21 days of treatment, significant clinical improvement was observed, demonstrating the efficacy of this multimodal therapeutic approach.
Surgical and supportive management of bilateral perineal hernia in a shih tzu dog
Perineal hernia is a condition characterized by weakening and separation of the muscles and fascia that support the pelvic diaphragm. The formation of a hernia ring may result from a congenital defect during embryonic development or traumatic injury. The standard treatment for this condition is hernioplasty, a surgical procedure aimed at repairing and reducing the size of the hernia ring caused by muscle weakness. A 12-year-old Shih Tzu presented to Klinik Hewan Jogja, Indonesia with a history of constipation. Physical examination revealed a mass in the dorsal pelvic region, which was identified as an abnormal accumulation of fecal material. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluations, including hematology, serum biochemistry, and radiography, were performed to confirm the diagnosis of bilateral perineal hernia. Surgical correction through hernioplasty was performed to close the hernia ring. Postoperative management consisted of antibiotic and analgesic therapy, supportive supplementation, and dietary regulation.
Neurological deficits and hematological changes in a rat model of ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion
Stroke is a neurological disorder caused by impaired blood flow to specific regions of the brain, often resulting in paralysis and functional deficits in the affected area. Among its subtypes, ischemic stroke is the most prevalent in the general population. This study aimed to establish a rat model of ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Eight male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8–10 weeks were randomly assigned to two groups: control and treatment group. In the treatment group, the middle cerebral artery was occluded for 45 min. Neurological assessment using the Bederson scale revealed a neurological deficit score (NDS) of 1, characterized by contralateral flexion after left-brain injury. Hematological analysis demonstrated significantly higher white blood cell (WBC) counts (p < 0.05), whereas red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit values were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in the control group. These findings indicate that the MCAO method with a 45-minute occlusion successfully induced a mild neurological deficit accompanied by distinct hematological alterations, thereby providing a reproducible animal model for ischemic stroke research.
Influence of dental calculus on tooth abnormalities in cats and contributing factors
Dental plaque is a thin biofilm composed of bacteria that accumulate on tooth surfaces. If not adequately removed, plaque can mineralize into dental calculus, which is associated with various oral health issues. In cats, this condition may lead to dental abnormalities, such as malocclusion and tooth resorption; however, reports from Indonesia remain limited. This study investigated the relationship between dental calculus and dental disorders in 45 cats, as well as the contributing factors of this relationship. Clinical examinations were performed to assess calculus formation and to identify dental abnormalities. A structured questionnaire was administered to cat owners regarding their oral health awareness and management practices. Data were analyzed descriptively and using Fisher’s Exact Test to evaluate the association between calculus and dental abnormalities. Of the 45 cats examined, 28 (62.2%) had dental calculus, of which eight (28.6%) exhibited dental abnormalities. Owner surveys revealed that although 82% were aware of tartar, only 8.9% reported performing routine dental examinations on their pets. In conclusion, dental calculus significantly contributes to the development of dental abnormalities in cats, with feeding habits identified as a key influencing factor.
Prevalence of diseases in broiler chickens in Serang Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia
Livestock farming plays a crucial role in providing food, raw materials, and essential services through animal breeding and management. This study aimed to provide an overview of the diseases affecting broiler chickens based on a case study from a commercial poultry company in Serang Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia. Data were collected from production cycles between 2021 and 2023, and disease identification was performed using a pathological diagnostic approach. The findings, presented descriptively in tabular form, indicated that broilers were affected by omphalitis, Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, chronic respiratory disease (CRD), colibacillosis, and aspergillosis. Colibacillosis was the most prevalent disease, with an incidence rate of 76%. These results highlight the importance of continuous disease monitoring and management to reduce mortality, maintain productivity, and ensure sustainability in the broiler industry
Clinical management of gastrointestinal tumor in a rottweiler
Gastrointestinal neoplasia is an increasingly recognized condition in dogs, particularly in predisposed breeds, such as Rottweilers. A 4-year-old Rottweiler was presented by its owner to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, with clinical signs including coughing, dyspnea, lethargy, and intermittent yellow-brown, malodorous feces. Diagnostic evaluations revealed significant abnormalities in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. This report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management of a dog with suspected gastrointestinal neoplasia. The patient was provisionally diagnosed with gastrointestinal neoplasia with a poor prognosis. Although surgical intervention is generally recommended, the compromised pulmonary function of the dog precluded general anesthesia; therefore, management was limited to symptomatic and supportive therapy.
Concurrent Babesia species infection with feline enteric coronavirus and giardiasis in two female cats
The premunition stage of babesiosis poses a significant risk of relapse due to immune suppression. This report describes two cats that presented to a veterinary clinic with lethargy, anorexia of several days’ duration, watery eyes, and loose stools. Both cats were unvaccinated and lived in an open environment shared with their owners. Initial clinical evaluation suggested feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection and giardiasis; however, subsequent peripheral blood smears revealed intracellular parasites consistent with Babesia sp.. The initial treatment targeted viral and protozoal infections using antiprotozoal and antiviral agents for seven days, followed by a 21-day regimen of clindamycin and multivitamins to manage babesiosis. Hematological analysis and Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and persistent babesiosis. Clindamycin therapy effectively reduced parasitemia and alleviated clinical signs, including anemia, anorexia, and weakness, although complete clearance of Babesia sp. from the peripheral blood was not achieved at the administered dosage.
Systemic fowl typhoid caused by Salmonella gallinarum in broiler chickens: Pathological and microbiological evidence
Salmonella gallinarum, the causative agent of fowl typhoid, is a highly pathogenic bacterial disease associated with substantial mortality in poultry, predominantly affecting adult chickens and turkeys. This study aimed to describe the pathological lesions and microbiological characteristics of S. gallinarum infection in chickens with fowl typhoid. S. gallinarum is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium with an optimal growth temperature of 37 °C and the ability to survive across a broad pH range (4.0–9.0). Necropsy findings in affected chickens revealed interstitial pneumonia of the lungs, intestinal hyperemia with petechial hemorrhages, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and fatty degeneration of the cardiac tissue. Bacterial culture of intestinal swab samples on MacConkey agar demonstrated the growth of pale-yellow colonies consistent with S. gallinarum. Microscopic examination confirmed Gram-negative bacilli, while biochemical testing showed an alkaline/acid reaction, absence of gas and H₂S production, non-motility, and negative indole and urease reactions
Pre-renal chronic kidney disease in a domestic cat presenting with FLUTD-like symptoms
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition in aging cats that often presents with signs of overlapping feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). Early recognition and differentiation are crucial for its management and prognosis. This case study discusses a 5-year-old cat with CKD who initially showed FLUTD-like symptoms, including three days of anuria, dehydration, and anorexia. Diagnostics, including examination, ultrasonography, urinalysis, hematology, and serum biochemistry, revealed elevated creatinine, amylase, and BUN levels, indicating pre-renal impairment and decreased GFR. Treatment involved cystocentesis, hepacartine, azody, ippakitine, vitamin B-complex, and a renal-support diet (Royal Canin Renal Wet Food). After two weeks, the cat showed clinical improvement with clear urine and normalized biochemistry.
Antidiarrheal evaluation of guava leaf infusion in pediatric rats using an intestinal transit model
Diarrhoea is a major gastrointestinal disorder in children and remains a significant cause of mortality, particularly in toddlers. Guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) have long been used in traditional medicine as an anti-diarrhoeal remedy. This study aimed to determine the effective dose of guava leaf infusion in weaned rats using the intestinal transit method. Thirty healthy rats were randomly assigned to six groups: a negative control (distilled water), a positive control (atropine sulfate 2.5 mg/kg BW), and four treatment groups receiving guava leaf infusion at doses of 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW. Among the treatment groups, the 200 mg/kg BW dose resulted in the greatest reduction in intestinal transit. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between any treatment group and negative control. These results suggest that within the examined dosage range, guava leaf infusion does not demonstrate a significant antidiarrheal effect in paediatric rat models.
Temporal and spatial epidemiology of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in Nueva Ecija, Philippines
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a vector-borne disease that affects dogs. This study characterized CME epidemiological profiles by examining associations with age, sex, breed, clinical manifestations, acaricide use, and case distribution in veterinary clinics in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. A total of 1,117 CME-positive cases were collected from eight clinics in Cabanatuan, Muñoz, San Jose, and Gapan City between 2021 and 2022. Diagnosis used commercial rapid test kits. Statistical analyses revealed significant associations between CME prevalence and age, breed, and patient demographics. Cabanatuan City reported the highest number of cases (n = 508). Sex and seasonal variation showed no significant associations with CME occurrence, although cases increased during the hot months (March–June).
Incisional hernia following ovariohysterectomy in a mixed-breed domestic cat
An incisional hernia is a postoperative complication that arises when the abdominal wall fails to achieve adequate closure following surgery, allowing abdominal tissues or organs to protrude through the incision site. This report describes a case of incisional hernia in a 3.4-kg female cat that developed an abdominal mass one month after ovariohysterectomy. Diagnosis was established based on a thorough physical examination of the patient. Surgical management consisted of repositioning the herniated tissue and layered closure of the abdominal wall. Postoperative care included the administration of antibiotics and analgesics to prevent infection and to manage pain. Clinical evaluation on postoperative day 7 revealed complete wound healing without complications, indicating favorable outcomes.
Detection of antibiotic residues in leg quarter of chickens slaughtered in accredited poultry dressing plants in Nueva Ecija, Philippines
Antibiotic residues in consumable products pose health risks by contributing to antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs), antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), and teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. Regular screening of livestock products allows monitoring of these residues in humans. This study aimed to determine the presence of six antibiotic class residues (beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, sulfonamides, macrolides, and tetracycline) and multidrug residues in chicken leg quarters (CLQs) from an accredited Poultry Dressing Plant (PDP) in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Thirty CLQs were collected from six PDPs in Nueva Ecija. Six muscle tissue specimens from each sample were screened for antibiotic residues through microbial inhibition tests at the National Meat Inspection Service (NMIS) Reserve Officers' Training Corps (RTOC) Regional III Laboratory Division, San Fernando, Pampanga. An inhibition zone ≥2 mm indicated a positive result. Screening showed no samples tested positive for any residue, and multi-drug residues were absent. No CLQs contained residues that exceeded the Maximum Residue Limit. CLQs from accredited PDPs in Nueva Ecija contained no antibiotic residues. These results may be due to strict antibiotic regulations, good veterinary supervision on source farms, and proper withdrawal periods.
Chemical quality assessment of organic cow’s milk at KPSP Setia Kawan Nongkojajar using Lactoscan® technology
Organic cow milk is produced from cows raised in natural, low-stress environments without the use of growth hormones or synthetic additives, resulting in milk with high nutritional value and safety for direct consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of organic cow milk, specifically its lactose, fat, protein content, and freezing point, to ensure compliance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 3141.1:2011for fresh milk. Quality testing was conducted using the Lactoscan® method on eight samples collected from different milk storage posts at the Setia Kawan Dairy Farming Cooperative in Nongkojajar, Pasuruan Regency. The analysis revealed average levels of 4.36% fat, 2.86% protein, and 4.36% lactose, all of which met or exceeded the SNI requirements for fresh cow milk. These findings affirm that the cooperative's organic milk meets the national quality standards and can be considered a nutritious and safe dairy product.
Diagnosis and treatment of Microsporum canis-induced dermatophytosis in a domestic cat
Dermatophytosis is a common superficial fungal infection in cats, particularly those exposed to outdoor environments. This case study reports a 5-month-old domestic cat named Simon, weighing 1.9 kg, presented with erythematous and scaly skin, partial alopecia, and follicular casts on the head and ear regions. The cat was active, had good appetite, and showed no signs of pruritus. Simon was kept in a semi-outdoor environment with potential contact with stray cats. The diagnosis was based on physical examination, Wood’s lamp test, adhesive tape impression cytology, and fungal culture. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the fungal isolate suggested that Microsporum canis was the causative agent. Treatment included topical antifungal shampoo containing econazole nitrate (Sebazole) applied weekly and systemic itraconazole at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg body weight once daily for two weeks. Supportive therapy included liver (Curcuma FCT) and skin (Coatex) supplements. After two weeks of therapy, physical re-evaluation showed resolution of erythema and scaling, with visible hair regrowth in previously alopecic areas.