Journal Description ARSHI Veterinary Letters (ARSHI Vet Lett) (e-ISSN 2581-2416) is an open-access, peer-reviewed online journal focusing predominantly on veterinary clinical case reports and practical studies. The journal provides a platform for veterinarians, clinicians, and researchers to share recent findings, innovative clinical approaches, and regionally relevant cases that advance the understanding and practice of veterinary medicine. Established in 2017, ARSHI Vet Lett was originally published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FVM), Bogor Agricultural University, and is currently managed by the School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (SVMB) (FVM change to SVMB per 25 December 2021 Rector Letter No 328), IPB University, in collaboration with the Indonesian Veterinary Hospital Association (ARSHI). The journal publishes four issues annually (February, May, August, and November) and accepts manuscripts written in English or Indonesian. All articles published in ARSHI Vet Lett has been indexed in: Crossreff, WorldCat, Scilit, Dimension, EBSCO, CABI, LensScholar, Garuda, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academia, and being process for other directory of research journal index Aim The aim of ARSHI Veterinary Letters is to promote the dissemination of clinically oriented veterinary knowledge through the publication of case-based research, diagnostic innovations, and applied biomedical findings. The journal seeks to strengthen the connection between veterinary science and clinical practice, especially in the context of animal health challenges and advancements in Southeast Asia. Scope ARSHI Veterinary Letters welcomes submissions in all aspects of veterinary medicine and biomedical sciences, with a particular emphasis on case reports, clinical research, and applied veterinary studies. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: Clinical and surgical case reports in companion and farm animals Diagnostic imaging and laboratory findings in clinical cases Disease management and therapeutic interventions Veterinary pathology, pharmacology, and toxicology Reproductive disorders and biotechnological applications Zoonotic and emerging diseases in tropical regions Biomedical innovations and clinical veterinary education The journal encourages submissions presenting unique, rare, or regionally significant clinical cases and practical insights that contribute to the improvement of veterinary medical services, animal welfare, and public health in Southeast Asia. Uniqueness ARSHI Veterinary Letters focuses on clinical case–driven and practitioner-oriented studies in veterinary medicine, particularly within the tropical and Southeast Asian context. The journal serves as a scientific platform for veterinarians and clinicians to share real-world clinical experiences, diagnostic approaches, and applied biomedical findings. It uniquely bridges academic research and daily veterinary practice through concise and rapidly published reports.
School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University
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Enhancing pregnancy rates in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) through prostaglandin F₂α–based estrus synchronization
This study evaluated the effectiveness of estrus synchronization using prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in Bali cattle and assessed the pregnancy outcomes following the initial treatment and subsequent resynchronization. Ten Bali cattle received two PGF2α injections, administered 11 days apart, following standard recommendations. Animals exhibiting estrus were artificially inseminated, and pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30–45 days post-insemination using ultrasonography. Cattle that failed to conceive during the first cycle underwent a resynchronization protocol two weeks later. The synchronization protocol produced a 100% estrus response, with an initial pregnancy rate of 40% (4 cattle). Resynchronization of the six non-pregnant cattle yielded two additional pregnancies (33.3%), resulting in an overall pregnancy rate of 60%. These findings demonstrate that PGF2α is effective in regulating the estrus cycle and enhancing the reproductive efficiency of Bali cattle, particularly when integrated with a resynchronization strategy.
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Diabetic ketoacidosis complicated by chronic kidney disease in a domestic shorthair cat
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening metabolic complication secondary to diabetes mellitus (DM), a common endocrine disorder in cats. This condition is characterized by severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and metabolic acidosis resulting from insulin deficiency and excessive ketone production. A 7-year-old castrated male cat presented with dyspnea, vomiting, marked dehydration, and hypothermia. Laboratory findings revealed severe hyperglycemia, glucosuria, ketonuria, azotemia, and elevated hepatic enzyme levels, confirming DKA complicated by chronic kidney disease. The cat received intensive therapy, including oxygen supplementation, intravenous fluids with potassium, insulin administration, antibiotics, and supportive care. Although transient improvement in electrolyte levels was achieved, glycemic control remained unstable, and the patient succumbed after three days of hospitalization.
Feline pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma associated with passive smoking in a 14-year-old neutered male cat
Pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma is a rare, aggressive neoplasm associated with poor clinical outcomes in cats. This report describes a 14-year-old neutered male domestic cat who developed pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma after chronic exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke. The cat presented with persistent cough, inappetence, and progressive dyspnea. Diagnostic evaluation using thoracic radiography and cytological examination revealed neoplastic proliferation, consistent with histiocytic sarcoma. Despite supportive therapy, the cat's condition deteriorated, and euthanasia was elected because of grave prognosis. This case highlights the oncogenic impact of passive smoking on companion animals and the need for public awareness of smoke-free environments for pet health. Further studies are required to elucidate how environmental carcinogens, particularly tobacco smoke, contribute to cancer pathogenesis in domestic species.
Pain management approach in a cat with feline arterial thromboembolism assessed using the Feline Grimace Scale
Feline arterial thromboembolism (FATE) is a life-threatening condition characterized by partial or complete arterial obstruction due to thrombus formation, most commonly secondary to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The resulting ischemia causes severe pain, which is often overlooked in clinical practice. The Feline Grimace Scale (FGS) provides a rapid and objective tool for pain assessment in cats. This report describes an adult female cat presenting with left hindlimb paresis, cyanosis, and femoral pulse deficit, with an initial FGS score of 6/10. Blood chemistry showed elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels, and echocardiography confirmed reduced femoral arterial flow and myocardial hypertrophy, consistent with HCM. A multimodal management approach was applied, including gabapentin, tramadol, clopidogrel, furosemide, and heparin therapy. Despite treatment, the affected limb developed gangrene, necessitating amputation. Preoperative analgesia consisted of pethidine, ketamine, and xylazine, followed by regional lidocaine nerve blocks and postoperative fentanyl continuous rate infusion. The surgical site healed completely within 21 days, and over a four-month follow-up period, the FGS score improved from 9 to 0, indicating complete pain resolution.
Anoplasty for type III atresia ani with fistula complicated by megacolon in a puppy
Congenital anorectal malformations, including atresia ani, are uncommon conditions in small animals that cause gastrointestinal dysfunction. This case report describes the surgical management and outcomes of type III atresia ani in a juvenile dog. A one-month-old female mixed-breed puppy presented with severe tenesmus, progressive abdominal distension, and complete absence of normal faecal passage. Clinical examination identified an anal dimple lacking a functional opening, accompanied by a small ventral perineal fistula. Radiographic assessment confirmed type III atresia ani, characterised by a blind-ending rectal pouch located more than 1 cm cranial to the anal dimple and associated with marked megacolon. Surgical intervention was performed via anoplasty, combined with manual evacuation of the impacted faeces and temporary anal stenting using a 1-cc syringe port to maintain luminal patency. Postoperative management included broad-spectrum antibiotics, lactulose, analgesic therapy, and meticulous wound care. Although normal defaecation was restored, the patient developed tenesmus, incomplete evacuation, and faecal incontinence. These complications are associated with irreversible megacolon and anal sphincter dysfunction. Conservative therapy failed to achieve improvement, indicating the need for surgical intervention.
Phase-dependent effects of purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina KDS) on estrous cycle modulation in virgin female rats
Purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina KDS) is a traditional medicinal herb that has been widely studied for its androgenic properties in male reproductive research. However, their effects on female reproductive performance remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the influence of purwoceng on the duration of each estrous phase and the overall estrous cycle in female rats. Forty-eight virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into four groups according to their estrous phase at the start of treatment: proestrus, oestrus, metestrus, and diestrus. Each group consisted of six control and six Purwoceng-treated animals. The extract was administered intragastrically for ten consecutive days, while vaginal smear evaluations continued until day 15 to monitor estrous cyclicity. The results demonstrated that purwoceng administration during the two estrous cycles generally prolonged the proestrus and oestrus phases, with a statistically significant extension of the oestrus phase observed when treatment was provided during oestrus (P < 0.05). Conversely, the durations of the metestrus and diestrus phases were reduced, except when Purwoceng was administered during metestrus, which resulted in an increased metestrus duration. In conclusion, purwoceng exhibited the greatest modulatory effect when administered during the oestrus phase, suggesting a phase-dependent responsiveness of the female reproductive cycle to this herbal extract.
Concurrent malasseziosis and otitis externa in a senior pug
Dermatitis is a common skin disorder in dogs, caused by a variety of factors including fungi, ectoparasites, bacteria, and metabolic diseases. This case report describes a 7-year-old male pug with dermatitis associated with Malassezia infection and concurrent otitis externa caused by bacterial and Malassezia infections. The dog exhibited clinical signs, including pruritus, erythema, scaling, hyperpigmentation, lichenification, malodor, oily coat, and wet, malodorous ear discharge. Cytological analysis of skin and ear samples, performed using acetate tape preparation and otic swabs, revealed the presence of Malassezia yeast and cocci-shaped bacteria. Hematological evaluation revealed normocytic normochromic anemia. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed with Malasseziosis and bacterial-Malassezia otitis externa. A comprehensive therapeutic regimen was implemented, including oral antifungal ketoconazole, sebazole shampoo, oticon ear drops, anti-inflammatory methylprednisolone, antihistamine chlorpheniramine maleate, and supportive supplementation with multivitamins (Livron B-plex) and fish oil. After 21 days of treatment, significant clinical improvement was observed, demonstrating the efficacy of this multimodal therapeutic approach.
Surgical and supportive management of bilateral perineal hernia in a shih tzu dog
Perineal hernia is a condition characterized by weakening and separation of the muscles and fascia that support the pelvic diaphragm. The formation of a hernia ring may result from a congenital defect during embryonic development or traumatic injury. The standard treatment for this condition is hernioplasty, a surgical procedure aimed at repairing and reducing the size of the hernia ring caused by muscle weakness. A 12-year-old Shih Tzu presented to Klinik Hewan Jogja, Indonesia with a history of constipation. Physical examination revealed a mass in the dorsal pelvic region, which was identified as an abnormal accumulation of fecal material. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluations, including hematology, serum biochemistry, and radiography, were performed to confirm the diagnosis of bilateral perineal hernia. Surgical correction through hernioplasty was performed to close the hernia ring. Postoperative management consisted of antibiotic and analgesic therapy, supportive supplementation, and dietary regulation.
Neurological deficits and hematological changes in a rat model of ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion
Stroke is a neurological disorder caused by impaired blood flow to specific regions of the brain, often resulting in paralysis and functional deficits in the affected area. Among its subtypes, ischemic stroke is the most prevalent in the general population. This study aimed to establish a rat model of ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Eight male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8–10 weeks were randomly assigned to two groups: control and treatment group. In the treatment group, the middle cerebral artery was occluded for 45 min. Neurological assessment using the Bederson scale revealed a neurological deficit score (NDS) of 1, characterized by contralateral flexion after left-brain injury. Hematological analysis demonstrated significantly higher white blood cell (WBC) counts (p < 0.05), whereas red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit values were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in the control group. These findings indicate that the MCAO method with a 45-minute occlusion successfully induced a mild neurological deficit accompanied by distinct hematological alterations, thereby providing a reproducible animal model for ischemic stroke research.
Influence of dental calculus on tooth abnormalities in cats and contributing factors
Dental plaque is a thin biofilm composed of bacteria that accumulate on tooth surfaces. If not adequately removed, plaque can mineralize into dental calculus, which is associated with various oral health issues. In cats, this condition may lead to dental abnormalities, such as malocclusion and tooth resorption; however, reports from Indonesia remain limited. This study investigated the relationship between dental calculus and dental disorders in 45 cats, as well as the contributing factors of this relationship. Clinical examinations were performed to assess calculus formation and to identify dental abnormalities. A structured questionnaire was administered to cat owners regarding their oral health awareness and management practices. Data were analyzed descriptively and using Fisher’s Exact Test to evaluate the association between calculus and dental abnormalities. Of the 45 cats examined, 28 (62.2%) had dental calculus, of which eight (28.6%) exhibited dental abnormalities. Owner surveys revealed that although 82% were aware of tartar, only 8.9% reported performing routine dental examinations on their pets. In conclusion, dental calculus significantly contributes to the development of dental abnormalities in cats, with feeding habits identified as a key influencing factor.
Prevalence of diseases in broiler chickens in Serang Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia
Livestock farming plays a crucial role in providing food, raw materials, and essential services through animal breeding and management. This study aimed to provide an overview of the diseases affecting broiler chickens based on a case study from a commercial poultry company in Serang Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia. Data were collected from production cycles between 2021 and 2023, and disease identification was performed using a pathological diagnostic approach. The findings, presented descriptively in tabular form, indicated that broilers were affected by omphalitis, Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, chronic respiratory disease (CRD), colibacillosis, and aspergillosis. Colibacillosis was the most prevalent disease, with an incidence rate of 76%. These results highlight the importance of continuous disease monitoring and management to reduce mortality, maintain productivity, and ensure sustainability in the broiler industry
Clinical management of gastrointestinal tumor in a rottweiler
Gastrointestinal neoplasia is an increasingly recognized condition in dogs, particularly in predisposed breeds, such as Rottweilers. A 4-year-old Rottweiler was presented by its owner to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, with clinical signs including coughing, dyspnea, lethargy, and intermittent yellow-brown, malodorous feces. Diagnostic evaluations revealed significant abnormalities in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. This report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management of a dog with suspected gastrointestinal neoplasia. The patient was provisionally diagnosed with gastrointestinal neoplasia with a poor prognosis. Although surgical intervention is generally recommended, the compromised pulmonary function of the dog precluded general anesthesia; therefore, management was limited to symptomatic and supportive therapy.
Concurrent Babesia species infection with feline enteric coronavirus and giardiasis in two female cats
The premunition stage of babesiosis poses a significant risk of relapse due to immune suppression. This report describes two cats that presented to a veterinary clinic with lethargy, anorexia of several days’ duration, watery eyes, and loose stools. Both cats were unvaccinated and lived in an open environment shared with their owners. Initial clinical evaluation suggested feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection and giardiasis; however, subsequent peripheral blood smears revealed intracellular parasites consistent with Babesia sp.. The initial treatment targeted viral and protozoal infections using antiprotozoal and antiviral agents for seven days, followed by a 21-day regimen of clindamycin and multivitamins to manage babesiosis. Hematological analysis and Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and persistent babesiosis. Clindamycin therapy effectively reduced parasitemia and alleviated clinical signs, including anemia, anorexia, and weakness, although complete clearance of Babesia sp. from the peripheral blood was not achieved at the administered dosage.
Pre-renal chronic kidney disease in a domestic cat presenting with FLUTD-like symptoms
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition in aging cats that often presents with signs of overlapping feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). Early recognition and differentiation are crucial for its management and prognosis. This case study discusses a 5-year-old cat with CKD who initially showed FLUTD-like symptoms, including three days of anuria, dehydration, and anorexia. Diagnostics, including examination, ultrasonography, urinalysis, hematology, and serum biochemistry, revealed elevated creatinine, amylase, and BUN levels, indicating pre-renal impairment and decreased GFR. Treatment involved cystocentesis, hepacartine, azody, ippakitine, vitamin B-complex, and a renal-support diet (Royal Canin Renal Wet Food). After two weeks, the cat showed clinical improvement with clear urine and normalized biochemistry.
Antidiarrheal evaluation of guava leaf infusion in pediatric rats using an intestinal transit model
Diarrhoea is a major gastrointestinal disorder in children and remains a significant cause of mortality, particularly in toddlers. Guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) have long been used in traditional medicine as an anti-diarrhoeal remedy. This study aimed to determine the effective dose of guava leaf infusion in weaned rats using the intestinal transit method. Thirty healthy rats were randomly assigned to six groups: a negative control (distilled water), a positive control (atropine sulfate 2.5 mg/kg BW), and four treatment groups receiving guava leaf infusion at doses of 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW. Among the treatment groups, the 200 mg/kg BW dose resulted in the greatest reduction in intestinal transit. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between any treatment group and negative control. These results suggest that within the examined dosage range, guava leaf infusion does not demonstrate a significant antidiarrheal effect in paediatric rat models.
Detection of antibiotic residues in leg quarter of chickens slaughtered in accredited poultry dressing plants in Nueva Ecija, Philippines
Antibiotic residues in consumable products pose health risks by contributing to antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs), antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), and teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. Regular screening of livestock products allows monitoring of these residues in humans. This study aimed to determine the presence of six antibiotic class residues (beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, sulfonamides, macrolides, and tetracycline) and multidrug residues in chicken leg quarters (CLQs) from an accredited Poultry Dressing Plant (PDP) in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Thirty CLQs were collected from six PDPs in Nueva Ecija. Six muscle tissue specimens from each sample were screened for antibiotic residues through microbial inhibition tests at the National Meat Inspection Service (NMIS) Reserve Officers' Training Corps (RTOC) Regional III Laboratory Division, San Fernando, Pampanga. An inhibition zone ≥2 mm indicated a positive result. Screening showed no samples tested positive for any residue, and multi-drug residues were absent. No CLQs contained residues that exceeded the Maximum Residue Limit. CLQs from accredited PDPs in Nueva Ecija contained no antibiotic residues. These results may be due to strict antibiotic regulations, good veterinary supervision on source farms, and proper withdrawal periods.
Chemical quality assessment of organic cow’s milk at KPSP Setia Kawan Nongkojajar using Lactoscan® technology
Organic cow milk is produced from cows raised in natural, low-stress environments without the use of growth hormones or synthetic additives, resulting in milk with high nutritional value and safety for direct consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of organic cow milk, specifically its lactose, fat, protein content, and freezing point, to ensure compliance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 3141.1:2011for fresh milk. Quality testing was conducted using the Lactoscan® method on eight samples collected from different milk storage posts at the Setia Kawan Dairy Farming Cooperative in Nongkojajar, Pasuruan Regency. The analysis revealed average levels of 4.36% fat, 2.86% protein, and 4.36% lactose, all of which met or exceeded the SNI requirements for fresh cow milk. These findings affirm that the cooperative's organic milk meets the national quality standards and can be considered a nutritious and safe dairy product.
Diagnosis and treatment of Microsporum canis-induced dermatophytosis in a domestic cat
Dermatophytosis is a common superficial fungal infection in cats, particularly those exposed to outdoor environments. This case study reports a 5-month-old domestic cat named Simon, weighing 1.9 kg, presented with erythematous and scaly skin, partial alopecia, and follicular casts on the head and ear regions. The cat was active, had good appetite, and showed no signs of pruritus. Simon was kept in a semi-outdoor environment with potential contact with stray cats. The diagnosis was based on physical examination, Wood’s lamp test, adhesive tape impression cytology, and fungal culture. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the fungal isolate suggested that Microsporum canis was the causative agent. Treatment included topical antifungal shampoo containing econazole nitrate (Sebazole) applied weekly and systemic itraconazole at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg body weight once daily for two weeks. Supportive therapy included liver (Curcuma FCT) and skin (Coatex) supplements. After two weeks of therapy, physical re-evaluation showed resolution of erythema and scaling, with visible hair regrowth in previously alopecic areas.
Acupuncture treatment of hind limb weakness in a diabetic dog with kidney yin and qi deficiency
Canine diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic endocrine disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and metabolic imbalance, frequently leading to secondary complications such as neuropathic weakness. Abrielle, an eleven-year-old female Siberian Husky, presented to the small animal clinic with hind limb weakness that had persisted for three months. The dog also showed clinical signs of polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss, despite an increased appetite. The owner reported that the dog’s daily diet consisted mainly of white rice with very little protein. Laboratory examination revealed hyperglycemia (423 mg/dL), elevated fructosamine levels (340 µmol/L), and glucose-positive dark brown urine. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Treatment with insulin was prescribed twice daily, and acupuncture therapy was recommended to support recovery and address hind limb weakness. Abrielle underwent acupuncture twice a week using electroacupuncture, dry needles, and aqua acupuncture. After four sessions, noticeable improvement in mobility was observed, and after three months, the dog’s body weight increased from 38.5 lbs to 48.5 lbs, with a more active and friendly demeanor.
Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and feline infectious peritonitis in a Persian Peaknose cat
Feline diabetes mellitus (DM) and infectious peritonitis (FIP) are challenging metabolic and infectious diseases in cats that require long-term management and therapeutic strategies. This case report describes the clinical management of a 7-year-old male Persian peaknose cat diagnosed with type 2 DM and non-effusive FIP at the West Java Animal Hospital. The cat presented with polyuria, polydipsia, and severe weight loss over seven days. Hematological findings showed hyperchromic microcytic anemia and elevated MID%, while biochemical analysis indicated hyperglycemia (524 mg/dL), increased ALT, and a low albumin-to-globulin (A/G) ratio (0.6), consistent with type 2 DM and FIP. Treatment included Molnupiravir, Glimepiride as an antihyperglycemic agent; Ornipural for hepatodigestive support; vitamin supplementation (B complex, A, D, and E); and a low-sugar diet. Blood glucose levels monitored daily for seven days showed a progressive decrease but remained above the normal threshold. This case demonstrates the importance of comprehensive management combining causative, symptomatic, and supportive therapies in feline patients with concurrent disorders. This highlights the need for glucose monitoring, nutritional adjustment, and client education regarding insulin therapy to achieve glycemic control in complex feline comorbidities.
Plant-based bioinsecticide from Jatropha gossypiifolia and cattle urine for horsefly control
Bioinsecticides are natural compounds with toxic properties that can inhibit the growth and development of pests that affect crops and livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a bioinsecticide formulation derived from red jatropha (Jatropha gossypiifolia) leaf extract combined with cattle urine against ectoparasites in cattle. The experiment was a completely randomized design (CRD) involving 200 flies, which were divided into four treatment groups with concentrations of 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, each replicated three times. The results demonstrated that the bioinsecticide formulation at a concentration of 20% had a significant effect on fly mortality compared to lower concentrations. These findings suggest that the combined use of 20 % red jatropha leaf extract and cattle urine is a promising and environmentally friendly alternative for controlling fly populations in cattle.
Molecular detection of Haemonchus contortus on spotted deer (Axis axis)
Spotted deer (Axis axis) as a protected endemic animal has the potential to be developed to provide economic value. However, in general, deer are often infected by endoparasitic diseases caused by various factors such as direct contact with infected areas to transmission through feed. As a result of endoparasitic infections, infected animals can experience malnutrition, physiological disorders, and even death. This study aims to identify nematode worm species using molecular diagnosis in spotted deer. Molecular identification of nematode species in deer feces was carried out by fecal sample collection and cultivation, larvae isolation, DNA extraction, PCR process, and electrophoresis. Molecular analysis using specific primer targeting the ITS gene. The PCR results showed the single band at 260 bp. Based on the result, the nematode species that has infected the spotted deer was Haemonchus contortus. These findings provide the first molecular-level confirmation of endoparasite infection in spotted deer in Indonesia, expanding the existing diagnostic information for wildlife health monitoring.
Canine heartworm disease in Nueva Ecija, Philippines: A clinic-based epidemiological Study
This study profiled canine heartworm disease (CHD) cases recorded from 2020 to 2022 in veterinary clinics across Cabanatuan, Gapan, Muñoz, and San Jose, Nueva Ecija. Data from eight clinics included age, sex, breed, preventive history, and clinical signs. A total of 378 confirmed CHD cases were identified using rapid antigen tests. Most infections occurred in dogs aged over 13 months (63.85%), with slightly higher prevalence in males (54.35%) and toy breeds (62.27%). Notably, 90.77% of affected dogs had no record of heartworm prophylaxis. Coughing (86.28%) was the most frequent clinical sign. Cases peaked during the rainy season (June–November), with Cabanatuan City recording the highest number (n = 304). Statistical analysis indicated a significant correlation between CHD and age. These findings highlight the importance of year-round preventive care and increased owner awareness, particularly in high-risk areas.
Damaged pen floors reduce pregnancy rates in Garut sheep: A comparative study across ram breeds
Pen floor conditions are crucial for the success of natural mating in livestock. This study compared the effects of damaged floors, with holes and uneven surfaces, versus undamaged, stable floors on pregnancy rates of Garut ewes (n=89) mated with rams of various breeds, such as Dorper (n=4), Batur (n=1), Garut (n=4), and Garut×Batur crossbred (JxBat; n=2). Rams were housed with 3–16 ewes for 45–60 days, and pregnancy was assessed via ultrasonography. The results showed that ewes on undamaged flooring had significantly higher pregnancy rates (100.0%) than those on damaged flooring did (85.3%). In all ram breeds, damaged pen floors negatively affected mating and reduced reproduction. Regular inspection and maintenance of pen flooring during mating periods are essential for optimizing the fertility of Garut sheep.
Midline laparotomy for unilateral inguinal cryptorchidism in a mixed Persian cat
Cryptorchidism is a congenital condition in male cats, characterized by incomplete testicular descent, which increases the risk of neoplasia, torsion, and infertility. A five-year-old intact mixed Persian cat with unilateral cryptorchidism, diagnosed in 2020, presented for elective testicular removal. Despite this, the cat had previously in 2024 sired its offspring. Ultrasonography revealed that the right testis was located in the inguinal region. The procedure included cryptorchidectomy for inguinal testicles and routine castration for external testicles, performed under general anesthesia. An endotracheal tube was placed and intraoperative monitoring ensured patient stability. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, with complete healing within 10–14 days.
Gastrointestinal foreign body in a banning tortoise (Manouria emys) at Bandung Zoo
Turtles have the habit of swallowing foreign objects, known as geophagy. Swallowed foreign objects can obstruct the digestive tract. A banning tortoise (Manouria emys), male, weighing 13.5 kg, was reported to have decreased appetite, weakness, inability to defecate, and watery eyes. Physical examination and radiographic examination (X-ray) showed the accumulation of foreign objects in the digestive tract. The treatment was performed by installing a feeding tube, administering glycerin, and administering biodin. After treatment, the turtle expelled the foreign object in the form of sand during defecation and experienced an improvement in body condition. The turtle was active again and was declared cured after 18 d of treatment.
Surgical repair of a rectocutaneous fistula in a cat with skin avulsion wound
Rectocutaneous fistulas are rare in cats. This paper reports a case of rectocutaneous fistula due to a skin avulsion wound in the dorsolateral dextra anus area in a local cat. Three days after the trauma, an open wound was found in the ventral tail area and was hit by a flowpot in the pelvic area and hind legs. The cat was diagnosed with a rectocutaneous fistula based on physical examination and observation, where feces were found coming out of the vulnus area during defecation. Fistula therapy was performed with skin flap surgery on the avulsion vulnus and systemic treatment during healing for seven days. Healing of the skin wound also increased, and hair in the ventral tail area grew better two months after surgery.
Diagnosis and treatment of suspected symmetrical peripheral gangrene in a Persian cat with feline infectious peritonitis
Symmetrical Peripheral Gangrene (SPG) is a rare clinical condition characterized by ischemic damage to symmetrical extremity areas at two or more sites without the presence of larger vessel obstruction or vasculitis. This case report describes a male Persian cat diagnosed with Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) based on serum biochemistry, which on the fourth day of FIP treatment, showed symptoms of left metatarsal edema, coldness, and pale yellowish skin discoloration. Based on clinical symptoms, the cat was diagnosed with suspected SPG. Treatment for the lesions included debridement, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, wound care with nano-silver spray, and supportive vitamins. After treatment, the lesion showed significant improvement on day 14 with visible drying, although complete closure had not yet occurred.
Polycystic kidney disease in a Himalayan-Persian crossbreed cat
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in PKD1, predominantly found in Persian cats. This case study reports the incidence of PKD in a Himalayan-Persian crossbreed cat treated with fluid therapy, renal supplementation, nutritional management, and red mold rice. A 5-year-old spayed female Himalayan-Persian breed cat was brought to the Kassiti Vetcare Veterinary Clinic, Bandung, complaining of decreased appetite for a week, unwilling-ness to eat for four days, abdominal pain, and orange urine. Hyperchromic macrocytic anemia was observed in a complete blood test. Blood chemistry examination revealed increased creatinine levels (363.1 µmol/L), indicating impaired renal function. Ultrasound examination showed that the kidneys were enlarged, the border between the cortex and medulla was unclear, and hypo-to-anechoic cysts of various sizes were observed in the renal cortex-medulla area. The patient was diagnosed with PKD and had poor prognosis. Treatment included intravenous (IV) Ringer’s lactate fluid therapy, RenaCor® renal supplement, Flozindo® red mold rice (RMR), and NatureBridge® for cat kidney. The patient’s condition improved after treatment, as indicated by her active condition and normal urine color.
Emergency management of necrotic rectal prolapse in a domestic cat
A case of rectal prolapse in a domestic cat was treated at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. The cat presented with a six-day history of a reddish mass protruding from the anus. Physical examination revealed a prolapsed rectum with areas of necrosis, pale mucous membranes, and decreased skin turgor, which was consistent with dehydration. The fecal examination was negative for gastrointestinal parasites. The cat was diagnosed with complete rectal prolapse and associated tissue necrosis. The treatment consisted of manual reduction of the prolapsed rectum and placement of a purse-string suture to retain the rectum. The cat received broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy (amoxicillin (10 mg/kg) and metronidazole (25 mg/kg) during recovery, along with Tolfedine (4 mg/kg) for NSAID therapy. The purse-string suture was removed five days later, and no recurrence at one-month follow-up. This case illustrates the need for early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention in the management of rectal prolapse and to prevent progression to irreversible necrosis.