Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI) or Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the open access journal and accredited by KEMENDIKBUDRISTEK Nomor 158/E/KPT/2021, 27th Dec 2021 as Sinta 2 of Indonesian journal accreditation level (until volume 31 issue 1 2026). The journal publishes four times a year in Januari, April, July, and October. The publisher is Directorate of Research and Innovation (DRI), IPB University, Indonesia. Articles of the journal cover research results in agricultural practices and sciences such as agronomy, soil sciences, pest and disease of zoological and medicinal veterinary, agricultural engineering, industrial technology, food technology, the science of nutrition, family and consumers, biometry, biology, climatology, livestock, fisheries and marine science, health care and the environment, forestry, and socioeconomic agriculture. Information on equipment, observation, and techniques the experiment will be accepted as articles notes.
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The Effect of Selenium Biofortification on The Growth and Biochemical Responses of Two Microgreen Species
Microgreens are a type of vegetable crop that may be grown at a young age (7−14 days) and have a high nutritional value. Microgreens from the Brassicaceae family, such as red radish and broccoli, contain a variety of antioxidants. Selenium biofortification improves microgreen quality and selenium content. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of selenium levels and the differences between microgreen species. This study was carried out in November−December 2023 at a housing development on Kudan Street in Semarang City, Central Java. Chlorophyll and carotenoid analyses were performed at the Plant Physiology and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, the Waste Treatment Laboratory at the Faculty of Engineering conducted the phenol analysis, while the Cendekia Nanotech Hutama Chemical and Biological Analysis Laboratory in Semarang City performed the antioxidant analysis. This study utilized a randomized complete block design with a factorial pattern of 5×2 and four replications. The first factor was selenium concentration, which had five levels: 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg/L. The second factor was microgreen species, which consisted of two components: red radish and broccoli microgreens. The study found that treating broccoli microgreen with selenium at a concentration of 4 mg/L increased total chlorophyll content and antioxidant capability. Broccoli outperformed red radish microgreens on all metrics. Keywords: antioxidant, biofortification, microgreens, weight, selenium
Copyright (c) 2025 Nosa Finalia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Community Structure and Carbon Stock of Mangrove Sediments in Sembilang National Park Area
Increased greenhouse gas emissions have led to climate change. Indonesia plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 140 million tons of CO₂-equivalent (CO₂e) by 2030. One strategy for achieving this goal is to conserve mangrove habitats. However, unsustainable activities continue to jeopardize the survival of these mangroves. The purpose of this study was to investigate the community structure and sediment carbon content of mangrove ecosystems in Sembilang National Park. Data was obtained at three stations using 100-m transects extending inland from the seashore or riverbank. The sediment carbon analysis was carried out utilizing the Loss on Ignition (LOI) method. Excoecaria agallocha had the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) at the Sungai Barong station, followed by Rhizophora apiculata in the Sungai Sanjang and Birik stations. The mangrove ecosystems at the study sites were characterized as moderately dense. The investigation revealed that the carbon store in mangrove sediments was 1294.14 t/ha, with an average of 431.38 t/ha. Mangrove ecosystems must be managed and protected to ensure that they continue to provide ecological and economic advantages. Keywords: carbon stock, climate change, mangrove
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Fadlurrohman Ash Raffi, Taryono, Ali Mashar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Ammonium Sulfate on Flower and Pod Development of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a food crop rich in vegetable oil and protein, with increasing demand and economic worth. Increasing soybean production can be accomplished by providing nutrients nitrogen and sulfur, hence increasing the percentage of bloom development into pods. Applying ammonium sulfate at the start of planting can fulfill nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer requirements. The purpose of this study was to examine and determine the ideal concentration of ammonium sulfate for optimal flower and pod formation, as well as the percentage of flower development into pods and leaf sulfur content. Ammonium sulfate was applied in an experimental garden by mixing it into the planting material in polybags under controlled settings. This study employed a single-factor fully randomized design with four doses of ammonium sulfate. The treatments were ammonium sulfate [NH4)2SO4] at various concentrations of 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg/ha administered at the start of planting, with five replications. The research factors were the quantity of flowers, pods, percentage of flower development into pods, and sulfur level in the leaves. The sulfur content of the leaves was determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at a significance level of 5%, followed by DMRT if the results were significant. The results revealed that ammonium sulfate 300 kg/ha produced the highest number of flowers, pods, percentage of flower development into pods, and sulfur content in leaves. Keywords: ammonium sulfate, nitrogen, productivity, soybean, sulfur
Copyright (c) 2025 Devi Vira Setiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Quality Index and Land Suitability for Cocoa Plants in Bandar District, Pacitan Regency, East Java
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an Indonesian plantation crop that has potential for agricultural development. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between soil quality index (SQI) and land suitability in Bandar District, Pacitan Regency, East Java for cocoa plants, as well as to identify the limiting variables and inputs used to boost cocoa plant production. This study used a descriptive survey and purposive soil sampling methods. Land Map Units (LMUs) were created by overlaying maps of soil type, land use, slope, and rainfall. To generate Principal Component (PC) data, SQI calculations utilized the expert judgement and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methodologies. PC was utilized to select the Minimum Data Set (MDS); the PC chosen as the MDS had an eigenvalue near to 1 or −1 or a p-value less than 0.05 or 5%, and the SQI value was determined. Land suitability was assessed using the FAO land evaluation framework (1976). The study site SQI ranged from very low (1.76) to low (3.14), with a land suitability class of S3 (marginally suitable). association study revealed a substantial positive association between SQI and land suitability (r = 0.688, p = 0.000). The correlation test's limiting indicator, P, was available. Liming, adding organic materials, and fertilization are all recommended improvements. Keywords: cocoa, land suitability evaluation, soil quality index
Copyright (c) 2025 Dianika Prastiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Functional Diversity of Nematode on Rice Agroecosystem in Banyumas, Central Java
Diversity of ecosystem components in rice agroecosystem is one of the keys to rice growing success. There was still a lack of information regarding the functional diversity of nematodes in the rice agroecosystems, hence the purpose of this study was to investigate the functional diversity of nematodes in rice ecosystems. This study was conducted by collecting samples from rice planting centers in Banyumas: Wangon, Jatilawang, Ajibarang, Rawalo, and Baturraden. Soil samples were collected randomly around rice plants at two places in each subdistrict. A total of 100 g of soil was extracted and isolated using the White-head tray technique. The observed variables were the morphological characteristics and functions of the nematode genus. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index was used to calculate the diversity (H'), evenness (E), and dominance (D) indices. The findings revealed five distinct nematode functions: omnivore-predator (Eudorylaimus), omnivore (Dorylaimus), microbial feeder and predator (Diplogaster), bacterivore (Cephalobus and Rhabditis), and herbivore (Hirschmanniella, Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus). The most abundant genus was Eudorylaimus (32%), followed by Hirschmanniella (23%), Dorylaimus (17%), Meloidogyne 12%, Helicotylenchus (8%), Diplogaster (4%), and Rhabditis and Cephalobus (2% each). The H' index ranged from low to moderate, the E index varied from moderate to high, and D indicated that some sites were dominant. In conclusion, the diversity of nematode functions on rice agroecosystems in Banyumas was extensive, although R1 site in Rawalo district should be concerned due to Meloidogyne domination. Keywords: biodiversity, nematodes, paddy, soil
Copyright (c) 2025 Mutala'liah, Lafi Na'imatul Bayyinah, Rama Adi Pratama, Nur Arum Rahmawati, Dwi Mei Widhiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Javanese Culture and The Horticulture Community's Resilience of Farmers in Sawangan, Ngablak, and Magelang Districts
Magelang Regency region contains a plateau in the shape of a basin surrounded by mountains. The agroclimatic can generate enough agricultural products in sufficient quantity and quality to meet market demand. Horticultural agricultural activities in this area have the potential to improve food security and household income, considering technical, social, institutional, commercial, financial, and environmental issues. Horticultural growers were usually under pressure due to the drop in vegetable prices. The study examines the fight of independent horticultural farmers against adversity via the lens of community resilience. Community resilience includes community interests, institutional development, defense, and capacity building operations, as well as individual actions. The purpose of this study was to describe how resilient vegetable-growing communities are to food security concerns. Five villages in the Magelang Regency were affected: Klangon Hamlet in Sawangan District, Babadan Hamlet in Srumbung District, Wonolobo Hamlet, Krangean Hamlet, and Lodosewu Hamlet in Ngablak District. The thematic analysis approach was used to identify themes or characteristics related to the psychological and financial elements of vegetable producers. The resilience of the horticultural farming community in this area is built on trust in fellow farmers; there is hope for high prices to return; there is independence in weathering crop failures; and the local values of nrimo and gemi setiti are still practiced. The robustness of adaptive networks in the form of social capital, combined with excellent management of local capacities, increases the resilience of horticultural farming communities in this area. Keywords: community resilience, falling prices, local wisdom, vegetable farmers
Copyright (c) 2025 Fransisca Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Cultural Values Transformation of Momosad in the Management of Wetland Rice Fields in the Buffer Zoneof Bolaang-MongondowNational Park
Momosad is a gotong royong activity in which a group of farmers work together to maintain their land. Currently, Momosad is transitioning from a labor-based to a wage-based Momosad (commercial). The research aims are (1) to uncover Momosad's cultural values, which are still relevant today, (2) to describe the elements that influence changes in the values in land management, and (3) to examine patterns of changes in the values. This study employed a qualitative technique using the Miles and Huberman Model, involving interviews, observations, and documentation. Data was processed using the triangulation rule. The results suggest that there are three types of Momosad agricultural production activities in Dumoga. (1) Pure-Momosad has family values; (2) Semi-Momosad values unity and dependence. (3) Non-Momosad (commercial) values include agreement and dependency. There are three variables that influence Momosad's change: (1) pre-colonial, (2) colonial, (3) development, and (4) regional autonomy. Cultural contact, development period, and regional autonomy all have a significant impact on the pattern of change in the value. The pattern of change began with cultural contact between transmigration and local residents, evolved into the power to form villages during Momosad construction, and the autonomy of the region became a political commodity used to rally the masses. Keywords: cultural values, Momosad, transformation
Copyright (c) 2025 meity mokoginta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Land Use Change, Hydrological Responses and Water Balance of Upstream Ciujung Watershed
Ciujung Watershed is an important land located in Banten Province, Indonesia. The Upstream Ciujung Watershed has seen numerous changes in land usage. Before implementing the best watershed management practices, we must first gather knowledge about the watershed's features. This report seeks to provide information about the characteristics of the Upstream Ciujung Watershed, covering land-use changes, hydrological responses, and water balance. Land use changes were analyzed using satellite imagery from 2016 and 2021, with changes traced using ArcGIS and Excel; hydrological response method for flow regime coefficient (FRC) and annual flow coefficient (AFC) in the 2012−2016 and 2017−2021 periods. Water balance was analyzed by calculating water demand in 2021 and availability water from 2012−2021. The study found that deforestation occurred between 2016 and 2021. Primary forest, secondary forest, and production forest area fell by 51 ha, 1,073 ha, and 3,119 ha, respectively, while dryland agricultural area increased with a mix of shrubs, plantations, and settlements, contributing to the alteration in the watershed. The FRC and AFC values from 2012 to 2016 were 49 (poor) and 0.32 (moderate). Meanwhile, the FRC and AFC for 2017–2021 were 60 (moderate) and 0.30 (moderate). The water balance of the Upstream Ciujung Watershed in 2021 indicates a water surplus of 663,739,545 m3/year, while the dry season in September shows a shortfall of −5,468,643 m3/month. Keywords: annual flow coefficient, flow regime coefficient, hydrological function, watershed management
Copyright (c) 2025 Nabilla Meilasari, Yayat Hidayat, Suria Darma Tarigan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Response of Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) to the Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are fungi that create symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhance nutrient absorption, and aid in root growth initiation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how porang plants (Amorphophallus muelleri) respond to AMF delivery at various doses. The study utilized a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments: MKK0 (control), MKK1 (15 g AMF/10 kg soil), MKK2 (25 g AMF/10 kg soil), MKK3 (35 g AMF/10 kg soil), and MKK4 (45 g AMF/10 kg soil). The characteristics measured were plant height, plant dry weight, and tuber weight. The results revealed that the MKK1 treatment produced the optimum response to the plant height of 40.75 cm, dry weight of 6.3 g, and tuber weight of 26.5 g. AMF at a dose of 15 g significantly boosted the growth and expansion of porang tubers. Due to the soil's low nutrient availability, excessive AMF doses did not produce desirable outcomes. Thus, administering the appropriate dose of AMF can promote proper porang development. Keywords: Amorphophallus muelleri, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, optimal dosage
Copyright (c) 2025 zuliyan agus nur muchlis majid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Estuary and Marine Waters Characteristics of the Sungai Nibung Village Coastal Waters, Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan
Sungai Nibung Village is a KKPP3K (Coastal Waters and Small Islands Conservation Area) in Kubu Raya District. This community features an abundance of diverse natural resources, such as crab, fish, shrimp, squid, octopus, and finless dolphins. This indigenous biota is sustained by fertility and high water quality. Water fertility reveals high nutrient concentration and identifies phytoplankton as primary producers. Water contains nutrients in the form of nitrates and phosphates. Phytoplankton and other aquatic species require these nutrients to survive. The concentration of chlorophyll-a, the primary pigment of phytoplankton, which has a role in photosynthesis, can also be used to estimate the trophic state of waterways. The fertility of Sungai Nibung Village waters in the sea (Station I and II), estuary (Station III), and river (Station IV and V) has been assessed. Nitrate and phosphate levels in water samples were assessed in line with SNI 06-2480-1991 and SNI 06-6989.31.2005, respectively. The chlorophyll-a was evaluated using the trichromatic method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 664, 647, and 630 nm. Sungai Nibung Village's waters include 0.9−1.5 mg/L nitrate and 2.06−2.19 mg/L phosphate. Chlorophyll-a levels range from 2−5 μg/L, placing them in the low category. Keywords: chlorophyl-a, Sungai Nibung Village, nitrate, phosphate
Copyright (c) 2025 Mega Sari Juane Sofiana, Ikha Safitri, Arie Antasari Kushadiwijayanto, Yusuf Arief Nurrahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Exploration and Identification of the Malacca Plant in North Padang Lawas District, North Sumatra
The Malacca plant is well-known for its therapeutic benefits and is commonly used to make jam. It is critical to understand the existence and diversity of Malacca plants to preserve germplasm and improve attributes through plant breeding. This study sought to investigate and identify malacca plants in North Padang Lawas Regency. The study was conducted in three subdistricts: Halongonan, Padang Bolak, and Padang Bolak Julu, from May to June 2023. This study employed a survey using purposive sampling. Malacca plant samples from the generative period (flowering and fruiting) were selected. The observation included vegetative characteristics (plant height, stem bark color, leaf size, shape, and color) as well as generative characteristics (flower and fruit shape and color). The findings revealed that there were eight accessions dispersed throughout four settlements. One accession, HT1, is designated as the Phyllanthus emblica species due to changes in leaf, flower, and fruit morphology. In contrast, the remaining seven accessions are categorized as P. indofischeri. The changes can be seen in the shape of the leaf tips, stigma branching, and fruit shape and size. Keywords: indian gooseberry, Phyllanthus emblica, Phyllanthus indofischeri
Copyright (c) 2025 Sanna Paija Hasibuan, Shalati Febjislami, Elara Resigia, Nurwanita Ekasari Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Farming Sustainability in Peatlands Following Restoration Programme in West Kalimantan
The Indonesian government's peat restoration program, which began in 2016, is alleged to have an impact on the sustainability of peatland farming, because rewetting has the potential to cause waterlogging, limiting the crop commodities that can be cultivated. This project will look at the viability of small-scale farming on restored peatlands. To fulfill the study's objectives, we used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative technique included an analysis of agricultural income to determine the economic sustainability, whereas the qualitative approach explains social sustainability. The environmental sustainability was assessed using the carbon rescue acquired after rewetting. The findings revealed that rewetting had little effect on the income from vegetable and fruit crops. The farming income, which remains relatively high, demonstrates that farming's economic sustainability is viable. Similarly, the social dimension does not detract from the sustainability aspect, because the rewetting of the land did not significantly alter the social structures and institutions that had been built in the farmer's community. Meanwhile, from an environmental standpoint, the impact of rewetting is quite favorable, as every 1 cm increase in water table level has the potential to conserve at least 0.71 tons of CO2 per acre per year, or around IDR 13,888−26,993. Keywords: carbon rescue, farming, peatland restoration, rewetting
Copyright (c) 2025 Jajat Sudrajat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Seed Size and Kombucha Soaking on Soursop Germination and Seedling Growth
The purpose of this study was to look into the influence of long-term soaking seeds in kombucha and seed sizes on seed viability and seedling growth of soursop. The experiment was place between March and July 2024 at Screenhouse and the Undip Plant Physiology and Breeding Laboratory. The experiment followed a completely randomized factorial design with three replications. The first factor was the duration of seeds soak in kombucha (quick dipping, 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h). The second factor was varying seed sizes according on diameter. Seeds from local fruit varieties were removed, picked, and steeped in kombucha according to treatment, before being planted in a germination box and put into polybags for seedling growth. Germination time, vigor index, germinability,germinating speed, sprout wet and dry weight, seedling height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and seedling wet and dry weight were the parameters measured. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, with an honest significance difference at the 5% level. The results showed an interaction between the treatment and sprout dry weight parameter. Soaking seeds in kombucha with a quick dipping approach influenced germination speed and number of leaves; soaking seeds in kombucha for 4 h produced the maximum sprout dryweight. Different seed size had a substantial influence, with large seeds showing the greatest values for sprout wet and dry weight and stem diameter. Large seeds steeped in kombucha for 4 h produced the highest viability and growth of soursop seedlings. Keywords: kombucha, seedsize, seed soaking time, seedling, soursop
Copyright (c) 2025 Wardah Naila Rahmatika, Florentina Kusmiyati, Syaiful Anwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Identification and Distribution of Marine Debris along the West Aceh Coastline
This study was undertaken in September 2023 in the West Aceh Coastal area with the goal of identifying and analyzing the distribution of marine creatures discovered at the two research sites. The sampling of marine debris was determined using a transect length of approximately 100 m. Transect distances were separated into four categories: 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 m. Marine debris was detected using Lippiat et al. (2013) categories and NOAA (2013) size classifications. The data on the identification and distribution of marine debris was analyzed descriptively. The results revealed that organic waste (wood and its derivatives) was in the highest quantity and composition at both research stations, with 1386 (73%) and 8953 fractions (97.1%). This is followed by the number and composition of inorganic waste (plastic) at the two research stations, which are 492 fragments (26%), and 205 fragments (2.2%). The lowest amount and composition of inorganic waste (non-plastic) were found at both research stations, such as metal/metal, glass, rubber, and clothing/other fibers, namely (metal: 6 and 11; glass: 2 and 1; rubber: 2 and 28; clothing and other fibers: 18 and 24) with respective compositions ranging (metal: 0.3% and 0.1%; glass: 0.1% and 0.0%; rubber: 0.1% and 0.3%; clothing and other fibers: 0.9% and 0.3%). A one-way examination of the spatial distribution of marine debris at each research substation (Substations 1, 2, and 3) revealed no significant differences (p value > 0.05) between the two research stations. Keywords: coastal, debris, marine, West Aceh
Copyright (c) 2025 Neneng Marlian Neneng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Selection and Identification of Potential Hydrolytic Bacillus from Litter Composting
Microbe study on degraded trash has been widely conducted, with the intention of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of waste processing. The purpose of this study was to select and identify hydrolytic Bacillus from litter composting. The samples were the litter composting outcomes with five different treatments, namely the inclusion of nutrient broth (NB), commercial formula, molasses, tryptic soy broth (TSB), and talcum, with each formula containing a microbial consortium. Bacteria were isolated using the serial dilution method. Each isolate was evaluated for its capacity to lyse red blood cells on blood agar media. Cellulolytic, amylolytic, and proteolytic bacteria were grown on nutritional agar media containing carboxy-methyl cellulose (CMC), starch, and skim milk. The antagonistic test involved testing isolates that hydrolyze all three types of substrates. Isolates that were not antagonistic to one another were identified based on phenotypes (colony and cell morphology using Gram staining) and genotypes (16S rRNA gene). Fourteen isolates of Bacillus sp. had cellulolytic, amylolytic, and proteolytic properties. Four isolates were chosen; two of them were comparable to Bacillus stercoris, while the other two, 5.5 and 5.9R, are similar to Calidifontibacillus erzurumensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Therefore, litter can be used to determine the hydrolytic capability of Bacillus isolates. Keywords: amylolytic, Bacillus, cellulolytic, proteolytic
Copyright (c) 2025 Nisa Rachmania Mubarik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Morphology of Seed-Bearing Plants in The Qur’an: A Thematic Analysis of Tantawi Jawhari and Tafsir Ilmi by the IndonesianMinistry of Religious Affairs
The Qur'an's Natural Phenomena (Āyāt Kauniyyah) verses contain scientific clues, including one on seed-bearing plant morphology. The study aimed to explain Qur'anic references to seed-bearing plant morphology, as well as the interpretation of these verses in Tantawi Jauhari's Tafsir Al-Jawâhir fî Tafsîr Al-Qur'ân Al-Karîm and Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur'an's Tafsir 'Ilmi Tumbuhan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an dan Sains. The qualitative approach used in this study was library research, with data gathered from a variety of relevant sources. The Qur'an is interpreted using the Al-Maudhu'i (thematic) methods. Both methods aimed to generate descriptive data by observing Qur'anic chapters and verses, as well as providing scientific insights into the subject. The Qur'an mentions seed-bearing plant morphology through physical descriptions and metaphors (amthāl) in 26 words throughout 39 chapters and 87 verses. The verses that provide complete interpretation of plant morphology in Tafsir Al-Jawâhir fî Tafsîr Al-Qur'ân Al-Karîm include Al An'am/6:99, which addresses floral morphology; An Naml/27:60, which examines roots, stems, and leaves; and Yasin/36: 80, which concentrates on the leaf. Meanwhile, in Tafsir 'Ilmi Tumbuhan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an dan Sains, Al An'am/6:99 is interpreted in terms of the "green substance" in plants, with a full description of the photosynthesis process related to At Takwir/81:17−18, Yasin/36:80, and Al Waqi'ah/56:71−72. Then, Al An'am/6:95 describes seeds as a component of plant development. Keywords: Al-Qur’an, plant morphology, scientific exegesis, seed-bearing plants, Tantawi Jauhari
Copyright (c) 2025 Andhiarizqi Mulyawan, Yudianto Achmad, Zakaria Lubis, Ahmad Kamaluddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Characteristics and Insecticidal Potential of Ecoenzymes Derived from Vegetable Waste and Various Sugars
Vegetable waste is the second largest category of household organic waste, following grains. Its underutilization at the household level is an environmental concern, but it also has potential as a raw material for ecoenzyme synthesis. Ecoenzymes created by fermentation may be used as environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides. However, only a few research have investigated the effect of various sugar types on the insecticidal efficiency of ecoenzymes generated from vegetable waste. The goal of this study was to create ecoenzymes from vegetable waste and assess their insecticidal properties. Ecoenzymes were prepared using a 3:1:10 ratio of vegetable waste, sugar, and water. The vegetable waste comprised of cabbage, lemongrass, and red onion peels, while the sugars were molasses, brown sugar, and granulated sugar, resulting in nine different compositions. Fermentation lasted three months. Each 10% ecoenzyme solution was tested for insecticidal activity against Crocidolomia pavonana larvae in their second instar stage. All ecoenzyme formulations exhibited physical characteristics associated with successful fermentation, such as an acidic pH (3.1−3.6), dark brown coloration, and a strong sour fragrance. Bioassays revealed that ecoenzymes had insecticidal effects through larval mortality and feeding inhibition. The mixture with lemongrass and molasses had the highest mortality (66.67%) and strongest antifeedant effect. Variations in waste type and sugar supply have a substantial impact on ecoenzyme performance. The findings demonstrate that vegetable waste may be effectively transformed into ecoenzymes with insecticidal characteristics, indicating their potential for application in sustainable pest management. Keywords: Crocidolomia pavonana, organic waste, plant-based pesticide, sustainable agriculture
Copyright (c) 2025 Dita Megasari, Wiwin Windriyanti, Mandayu Anestesia Hayyu Palupi, Anisah Qurrotu Aini, Nolla Dwi Elvira, Syaiful Khoiri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Plankton Abundance in Senggarang Waters as Blue Swimming Crab Catchment Area, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands
Senggarang waters are a traditional fishing spot for small-scale blue swimming crab (BSC) fishermen in Tanjungpinang City. The fishermen have their own BSC catchment areas to capture this product, which is the primary aim. Plankton, an aquatic microbe that lives floating in the water column and can't move or only move slightly to follow the current, has a high ecological significance as a source of food for fisheries biota. The purpose of this study was to monitor the existence of plankton by determining plankton abundance, diversity index, uniformity index, and plankton dominance index in crab fishermen's traditional fishing grounds in Senggarang seas. This is a quantitative study; planktons were sampled at 10.00−13.00 using the horizontal static method with a plankton net, placed in a sample bottle, and given 10% Lugol, before being identified at the Marine Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Raja Ali Haji Maritime University. Samples were collected for five weeks at five locations designated by purposive sampling in the same location as the BSC fishermen who set their traps (bubu). The results revealed 41 genera of planktons classified as Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Branchiopoda, Chlorophyceae, Dinophyceae, Sarcodina, Copepods, and Tintinnidae. The largest plankton abundance occurs in the fourth week of Station 5, with 15961 ind.L−1. The plankton diversity index was low, and the uniformity index was inversely proportional to dominance. Keywords: blue swimming crab catchment areas, plankton abundance, Senggarang Waters, Tanjungpinang City
Copyright (c) 2025 Wahyu Muzammil, Nurhidayah Rahmah, Nurhidayah Rahmah, Tri Apriadi, Winny Retna Melani, Andi Zulfikar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Agromorphological and Physicochemical Characteristics of Golden Rice , Introduced Rice Line PAC Nagdong/IR36/IR64
Golden Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is biofortified rice that contains β-carotene, an essential nutrient for human health. Golden Rice PAC Nagdong/IR36/IR64 was created by crossing PAC Nagdong/IR36 with IR64 rice, a native variety, to improve tolerance to Indonesia's environment. Observations were made in two stages: (a) agromorphological characterization during culture, which included plant height, tiller number, panicle length, fertility, yield potential, and grain color, and (b) physicochemical analysis to assess amylose, amylopectin, protein, and lipid levels. Golden Rice has semi-dwarf height, a good and very high number of tillers (22.60−24.40), a panicle length of 20.09−20.85 cm, grain weight per pot of 42.08−42.94 g, fertility of 67.23−81.54%, and seed color of 5Y 8/8−5Y 8/10. The physicochemical properties included amylose content of 12.41−13.37%, protein content of 4.61−5.45%, lipid content of 1.24−1.54%, swelling power of 6.72−8.08%, low gelatinization temperature, and soft gel consistency type. The results indicated Golden Rice line 302/IR-2-2(7)/2 exhibit superior characteristics, including lower amylose and protein contents, higher fertility, and soft gel consistency which identical with consumer-preferred rice quality in Indonesia. Accordingly, this line have the highest potential for commercialization, while the remaining lines depict as promising materials for further breeding improvement. Keywords: agromorphology, Golden Rice , physicochemistry
Copyright (c) 2025 Elvina Azaria Fatimah , Danny Agus Dyansyah, Muhammad Irfandi Burhanuddin, Mohammad Ubaidillah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Mapping the Potential Use of Peat Land to Formulate a Management Strategy for Smallholder Palm Oil Plantations
By 2030, smallholder plantations will account for 60% of the total oil palm plantation cover. Currently, 40% of smallholder oil palm farms in Indonesia have low productivity and are located in peatlands. The result is that increasing land productivity requires taking into account the maturity, thickness, and depth of the groundwater table. The study's goals were to identify many characteristics of peatlands in smallholder plantations, to create a map of potential peatland use, and to build a strategy for smallholder oil palm farms based on peat potential maps. The peatland mapping units was determined on a combination of soil type maps, peat maturity maps, and peat thickness maps. Observations and extra sampling at each land mapping unit (LMU) were conducted using a random survey method to stratify 20 observation sites and soil physical property samples. The strategy formulation technique employed a SWOT analysis, which was evaluated by key informants. The study found that (1) the characteristics of peat in each LMU show relatively similar properties, namely having low bulk density, high groundwater content, and porous porosity, (2) there were 5 LMUs based on maturity, thickness, and groundwater level, and (3) the strategy consists of efforts to improve the quality of the water management system to overcome the depth of the groundwater level that exceeds the required limit, overcome the depth of irrigation channels that exceed the maximum depth, increase the use of fertilizer according to the recommended dose to increase oil palm production.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rini Hazriani, Shenny Oktoriana, Romiyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect of Humic Acid on Shallots Growth and Yield In Brebes
The effectiveness of humic acid application in increasing shallot yields for farmers must be studied, particularly in terms of quality and quantity. It is also consistent with the relatively high consumption and public demand for shallots year after year. The purpose of this study was to examine how humic acid spraying affects shallot growth and production. Humic acid was applied in two stages: fertilizer coating and foliar spray, with varying treatment dosages. Field testing was conducted in two trials. The initial test revealed that the treatment plants grew faster than the control plants, potentially increasing yields by 7−15%. The validation test (second test) with three treatments yielded the same results: treatment plants outgrew the control specimen, increasing yields by 20−25%. Based on these findings, the use of humic acid may be an alternative for enhancing the agricultural industry, particularly in shallots. Keywords: coating, fertilization effectiveness, foliar spray
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Wahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Soil Amendment Application on Productivity of Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schard.) in Suboptimal Land
Inappropriate land management system has emerged as a serious issue in agricultural development. Instead of boosting land productivity, suboptimal land use has become a viable option for regional agricultural development. However, this has not resulted in considerable increases in agricultural productivity. The purpose of this study was to improve soil parameters and increase watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schard) production by applying soil amendments to suboptimal land. This study was conducted utilizing a factorial randomized group design with two factors. The first factor was the application of mulch (M) with three treatment levels: M0 = no mulch, M1 = reed mulch, and M2 = coconut leaf mulch; the second factor was the application of bird manure fertilizer (P) with three treatment levels: P0 = no fertilizer, P1 = 10 t/ha fertilizer, and P2 = 20 t/ha. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test (significant at P < 0.05). The study was conducted at Khairun University's Campus IV in Madihutu Village, Kao Teluk District, North Halmahera Regency. Soil parameters and plant agronomic traits were among the observed variables. The findings revealed that the mulch and bird manure treatments had no significant impact on soil characteristics. In terms of plant agronomic features, the mulch-free treatment had the greatest impact on watermelon plant growth and yield, whereas the 10 t/ha fertilizer treatment outperformed the other treatments. Keywords: bird manure fertilizer, mulch, suboptimal land, watermelon plant
Copyright (c) 2025 Krishna Aji, Tri Mulya Hartati, Amiruddin Teapon, Urai Suci Yulies Vitri Indrawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Rice Marketing System in Tidal Farming: A Case Study of Banyuasin Regency
Rice is a commodity that frequently has issues with its marketing strategy. The challenge with rice marketing in tidal areas is the lengthy marketing chain, which makes it inefficient. This study intended to (1) describe the rice marketing system, (2) identify the elements that farmers and marketing institutions evaluate when selecting transaction partners, and (3) determine the efficiency of rice marketing channels. The research was carried out in Banyu Urip Village, Lago District, Banyuasin Regency, using a survey with sampling approach. The analysis method was descriptive, with a focus on marketing efficiency, margins, and farmer shares. The results demonstrate that the rice marketing channels in the rice producing areas during the ebb and flow were separated into three channels: (a) Channel I = Farmers → Collectors → Wholesalers → Retailers → Consumers; (b) Channel II = Farmers → Collectors → Wholesalers → Consumers, and (3) Channel III: Farmers → Collectors → Retailers → Consumers. Farmers and marketing institutions evaluated the following factors when selecting trade partners: (a) Farmers are bound by debt, price, and emotional relationships; (b) Collectors are concerned about grain prices and quality. (c) Wholesalers: rice price and quality, as well as customer ties, (d) Retailers: rice price and quality, payment procedures, and customer ties. All marketing channels are effective, but the most efficient is Channel III (Farmers → Collectors → Retailers → Consumers). Keywords: farming, marketing system, rice, tidal
Copyright (c) 2025 nasser Nasir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Characteristics of Arabic Chicken (Gallus turcicus) Egg Flour with Different Drying Methods
Eggs of Arabic chicken (Gallus turcicus) have a high nutritional value and distinct traits, although they have a short shelf-life (about 17 d) and are prone to contamination. To address this issue, drying methods such as oven-drying, spray-drying, and freeze-drying can be employed to convert eggs to flour. This study investigated the physicochemical and microbiological properties of Arab chicken egg flour produced using various drying procedures to give comparative data and aid in the development of novel egg-based products. The study found that different drying processes had substantial (p <0.05) effects on color (L*, a*, b*), moisture, ash, fat, and protein contents. The freeze-drying method produced the best results, including color with a brightness level (L) of 66.69, redness (a*) of 22.73, and yellowness (b*) of 51.23; moisture of 1.53%; ash content of 7.04%; fat of 36.94%; protein of 51.73%; and total microbial contamination of 1.2 × 102 cfu/g. The freeze-drying process fulfills the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Standard, making it a useful reference for drying procedures that preserve the quality and shelf life of Arabic chicken eggs. Keywords: Arabic chicken, drying, egg powder, microbiology, physicochemistry
Copyright (c) 2025 Nicolays Jambang, Angga Maulana Firmansyah, Lukman Hakim, Selma Noor Permadi, Teguh Wahyono, Laila Rahmawati, Ahmad Iskandar Setiyawan, Andi Febrisiantosa, Athiefah Fauziyyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Purification of Kurisi (Nemipterus nematophorus) Fish Oil Derived from Surimi Processing Products
Kurisi fish oil is a promising omega–3 fatty acid source, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In Indonesia, this oil is commonly obtained from a surimi processing industry product. It is predominantly utilized as an additive in animal feed due to its failure to meet the quality standards required for human consumption. Therefore, purification is essential to enhance its quality and broaden its potential applications as a food–grade oil. This study evaluated the effectiveness of two purification methods: (A) a three–step process involving degumming, neutralization, and bleaching; and (A+), which includes winterization following the A process. The study commenced with the characterization of crude kurisi fish oil, followed by applying both purification techniques. Quality parameters analyzed included free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV), p–anisidine value (p–AnV), total oxidation value (totox), and fatty acid composition. The results indicated that both purification methods significantly reduced oxidative degradation indicators. Notably, the A+ method yielded the most favorable results, achieving a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of 33.69% and demonstrating superior oxidative stability. These findings suggest that the A+ purification method effectively enhances the quality of kurisi fish oil, supporting its potential use as a functional food ingredient. Keywords: kurisi fish oil, omega–3, oxidation, fish oil purification, winterization
Copyright (c) 2025 Sugeng Heri Suseno, Muhammad Anugerah Ramadhan, Nurdiansyah Albarokah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0