Smallholders Oil Palm: Problems and Solutions

  • Valentina Sokoastri Riset Perkebunan Nusantara
  • Doni Setiadi Riset Perkebunan Nusantara
  • Arif Rakhman Hakim Riset Perkebunan Nusantara
  • Andre Dani Mawardhi Riset Perkebunan Nusantara
  • M Lukman Fadli Riset Perkebunan Nusantara
Keywords: institutional, middlemen, productivity, smallholder palm oil, SWOT

Abstract

Forty percent of the total oil palm plantation area in Indonesia belong to the smallholder palm oil plantations. The productivity of smallholder oil palm plantations is still relatively low, only around 2-3 tons of CPO/ha/year under PBN dan PBS. The aim of this study is to identify internal dan external constraints that cause low productivity of smallholder oil palm dan the recommended solutions. This research was taken in Sanggau dan Sintang Regencies which are the largest areas of smallholder palm oil plantation in West Borneo. Data obtained were analyzed by SWOT. The results showed that there were four main strategies to increase productivity dan solve problems on oil palm plantation in Sanggau dan Sintang Regencies, namely, 1) intensifying technical training of oil palm cultivation to increase the farmers’ knowledge dan capabilities, 2) increasing the role dan ability of farmer institutions both farmer groups dan ‘koperasi’ in establishing cooperation with stakeholders dan in marketing fresh fruit bunch (FFB), 3) escalating the awareness dan understanding of farmers in using digital information technology to support their business activities on oil palm, dan 4) strengthening the government protection against middlemen.

References

Agustira, Muhammad Akmal, R. Amalia, dan R. Nurkhoiry. 2015. “Program Sawit Untuk Rakyat (Prowitra) Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Produktivitas, Pemberdayaan, Keberlanjutan, Dan Kesejahteraan Pekebun Kelapa Sawit Rakyat.” Pp. 315–24 in Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Pertanian dalam Rangka Pencapaian Kemandirian Pangan Nasional dan Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Petani.”

Badrun, Muhammad. 2010. Tonggak Perubahan: Melalui PIR Kelapa Sawit Membangun Negeri. edited by A. Supriono dan M. Iqbal. Jakarta, Indonesia: Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Kementerian Pertanian.

BPDPKS. 2018.“Pembiayaan Program Peremajaan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat (PSR).”

BPS Kabupaten Sanggau. 2018. Kabupaten Sanggau Dalam Angka 2018. Kabupaten Sanggau: BPS Kabupaten Sanggau.

BPS Kabupaten Sintang. 2018. Kabupaten Sintang Dalam Angka 2018. Kabupaten Sintang: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sintang.

Chalil, Diana, Riantri Barus, Zulkifli Alamsyah, J. Jullimursyida, M. Mawardati, dan Isfenti Sadalia. 2019. “The Impacts of Oil Palm Plantations on Local dan Migrant Smallholders’ Incomes.” IOP Conference Series: Earth dan Environmental Science 336(1).

Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. 2018. Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia Komoditas Kelapa Sawit 2017-2019. edited by D. D. Hendaryati, Y. Arianto, W. K. Zuraina, E. Pudjianto, A. Udin, S. N. Damarjati, dan E. Magdalena. Jakarta, Indonesia: Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Kementerian Pertanian.

Hafif, Bariot, Rr. Ernawati, dan Yulia Pujiarti. 2014. “Peluang Peningkatan Produktivitas Kelapa Sawit Rakyat Di Provinsi Lampung.” Jurnal Littri 20(2):100–108.

Husin, Laila. 2012. Penggunaan Model Rumah Tangga Petani Untuk Mengkaji Perilaku Ekonomi Rumah Tangga Petani Kelapa Sawit Di Sumatera Selatan. Palembang.

Indrawati, Henny. 2011. “Kajian Tentang Hubungan Strategis Produsen Kelapa Sawit Di Kabupaten Pelalawan Provinsi Riau.” Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis 3(2):498–503.

Jelsma, Idsert, G. C. Schoneveld, Annelies Zoomers, dan A. C. M. van Westen. 2017. “Unpacking Indonesia’s Independent Oil Palm Smallholders: An Actor-Disaggregated Approach to Identifying Environmental dan Social Performance Challenges.” Land Use Policy 69:281–97.

Jelsma, Idsert, Lotte S. Woittiez, Jean Ollivier, dan Arya Hadi Dharmawan. 2019. “Do Wealthy Farmers Implement Better Agricultural Practices? An Assessment of Implementation of Good Agricultural Practices among Different Types of Independent Oil Palm Smallholders in Riau, Indonesia.” Agricultural Systems 170(January):63–76.

Kariyasa, I. Ketut. 2015. “Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Penggunaan Bibit Bersertifikat Kelapa Sawit Di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat.” Jurnal Agro Ekonomi 33(2):141–59.

Kausar dan Komar Zaman. 2011. “Analisis Hubungan Patron-Klien (Studi Kasus Hubungan Toke Dan Petani Sawit Pola Swadaya Di Kecamatan Tambusai Utara Kabupaten Rokan Hulu).” Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Economics 2(2):183–200.

Lee, Janice Ser Huay, Jaboury Ghazoul, Krystof Obidzinski, dan Lian Pin Koh. 2014. “Oil Palm Smallholder Yields dan Incomes Constrainedby Harvesting Practices dan Type of Smallholdermanagement in Indonesia.” Agron. Sustain. Dev. 34:501–13.

McCarthy, John F. 2010. “Processes of Inclusion dan Adverse Incorporation: Oil Palm dan Agrarian Change in Sumatra, Indonesia.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 37(4):821–850.

Molenaar, J. W., M. Persch-Orth, S. Lord, C. Taylor, dan J. Harms. 2013. Diagnostic Study on Indonesian Palm Oil Smallholders: Developing a Better Understanding of Their Performance dan Potential. International Finance Corporation.

Mulyana, Andy. 2008. “Penetapan Harga Tandan Buah Segar Kelapa Sawit Di Sumatera Selatan Dari Perspektif Pasar Monopoli Bilateral.” SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 8(2):1–18.

Nilasari, Afrisna, Kukuh Murtilaksono, dan Endriatmo Soetarto. 2017. “Tipologi Konflik Kawasan Hutan Pada Proses Penataan Batas Di Wilayah Pulau Bangka.” Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan 5(3):176–83.

Noor, Syamsudin. 2014. “Penerapan Analisis SWOT Dalam Menentukan Strategi Pemasaran Daihatsu Luxio Di Malang.” Jurnal IntEkna 2:102–209.

Nugroho, Agung Enggal. 2016. “Analisis Pemasaran Tandan Buah Segar Kelapa Sawit Di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara (Studi Kasus Pada Petani Swadaya Kecamatan Muara Muntai).” Jurnal Magrobis 15(2):47–56.

Nurfatriani, Fitri, Ramawati, Galih Kartika Sari, dan Heru Komarudin. 2019. “Optimization of Crude Palm Oil Fund to Support Smallholder Oil Palm Replanting in Reducing Deforestation in Indonesia.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 11(18).

Sachiho, Arai W. 2008. “Pembangunan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Di Provinsi Riau: Sebuah Tafsiran Seputar Pemberdayaan Petani Kebun.” Komaba Studies in Human Geography 19:1–16.

Silvia, Hanna, Muhammad Syamsun, dan Lindawati Kartika. 2015. “Analisis Strategi Peningkatan Daya Saing Komoditas Kentang Di Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara.” Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 20(2):164–70.

Siradjuddin, Irsyadi. 2015. “Dampak Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Perekonomian Wilayah Di Kabupaten Rokan Hulu.” Jurnal Agroteknologi 5(2):7–14.

Sonief, Achmad As’ad, Yulia Nuraini, dan Sofyan Arief Setyabudi. 2019. “Digitalisasi Industri Kecil Dan Produk Pertanian Daerah Upaya Untuk Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Di Desa Karangbendo Kecamatan Rogojampi Kabupaten Banyuwangi.” Journal of Innovation dan Applied Technology 5(1):842–47.

Woittiez, Lotte S., S. R. I. Turhina, Desnawaty Deccy, Maja Slingerland, Meine Van Noordwijk, dan Ken E. N. E. Giller. 2019. “Fertiliser Application Practices dan Nutrient Deficiencies in Smallholder Oil Palm Plantations in Indonesia.” Experimental Agriculture 55(4):543–59.

Woittiez, Lotte S., Mark T. van Wijk, Maja Slingerland, Meine van Noordwijk, dan Ken E. Giller. 2017. “Yield Gaps in Oil Palm: A Quantitative Review of Contributing Factors.” European Journal of Agronomy 83:57–77.

Published
2019-12-31
How to Cite
SokoastriV., SetiadiD., HakimA. R., MawardhiA. D., & FadliM. L. (2019). Smallholders Oil Palm: Problems and Solutions. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 7(3), 182-194. https://doi.org/10.22500/sodality.v7i3.27221
Section
Articles