Modifikasi Iklim Mikro pada Bawang Merah Hidroponik dalam Rangka Memperoleh Bibit Bermutu
Abstract
Abstract
Red Onion is one of prime commodities in Indonesia and the seed production has been efforted for gaining higher quality and healthy seed. Considering this matter, hydrophonic culture in a greenhouse could be applied for this purpose. Micro climate has to be controlled for giving favourable environment for growth of the Red Onion. Micro climate control in root zone (zone cooling) is an alternative for efficient use of energy in the greenhouse. Objective of this research was to find nutrient and medium cooling temperature favourable for hydrophonic of Red Onion. The experiment involved 2 factors : cooling temperature (18oC,21oC,24oC, and no cooling) and planting médium (husk charcoal, cocopeat, cocopeat + sand). The results indicated that use of husk charcoal and cooling at 240C gave highest yield. The greatest number of leaves was gain when the cooling temperature was 240C, while the lowest was at 180C. Big size tubers were found when husk charcoal was used as medium while the smallest size tubers when the cocopeat was used. The highest wet weight of tubers were gained when husk charcoal with cooling temperature at 240C, however the cooling temperature has not yet significantly increase the number of tubers.
Keywords : zone cooling, hydrophonic, red onion
Abstrak
Bawang Merah merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan di Indonesia dan produksi benihnya terus diupayakan untuk mendapatkan benih yang berkualitas dan sehat. Sehubungan dengan hal ini, budidaya hidroponik dalam suatu rumah kaca dapat diterapkan untuk keperluan tersebut. Iklim mikro harus dikontrol untuk memberikan lingkungan yang sesuai bagi pertumbuhan Bawang Merah. Pengontrolan iklim mikro pada zona perakaran (zone cooling) merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk penggunaan energi secara efisien dalam rumah kaca. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan nutrisi dan suhu media pendingin yang sesuai untuk budidaya hidropinik Bawang Merah. Percobaan melibatkan 2 faktor : suhu pendinginan (18oC,21oC,24oC, dan tanpa pendinginan) dan media tanam (arang sekam, cocopeat, dan cocopeat+pasir). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan arang sekam dan pendinginan pada suhu 24 0C memberikan hasil panen tertinggi. Jumlah daun terbanyak diperoleh suhu 24 0C, sedangkan jumlah yang paling sedikit diperoleh pada suhu 18 0C. Umbi ukuran besar diperoleh pada penggunaan arang sekam sebagai medium sedangkan ukuran umbi terkecil diperoleh pada penggunaan cocopeat. Bobot basah umbi terbesar diperoleh pada penerapan arang sekam dan suhu pendinginan 24 0C, namun suhu pendinginan tersebut belum secara nyata meningkatkan jumlah umbi.
Kata kunci : zone cooling, hidroponik, bawang merah.
Diterima: 22 September 2010; Disetujui: 23 Februari 2011Authors
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