IDENTIFIKASI KERUSAKAN ANTROPOGENIK KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG MUTIS TIMAU DI PULAU TIMOR BAGIAN BARAT DAN UPAYA PENANGGULANGANNYA
Article Sidebar
Accepted
25 July 2019
Published
1 July 2019
Abstract
The life of humankind has a close relationship with its surrounding forests. The interaction /relationship is often in a lame and brings a negative impact on the forest. The impacts of these unbalanced relationships are the destruction of all production, conservation and protection areas of forests. This study aimed to identify the anthropogenic damages in Mutis Timau protected forest areas. This research was a qualitative research with a descriptive approach using a purposive sampling and a snowball sampling technique. The purposive sampling was used to select resource persons of the FMU chiefs, forest police staff, retired FMU employees and village heads where the samples were undertaken. While the snowball sampling technique was set according to a snowball pattern that began with the village leaders (village heads) and then progressed to other resource persons to obtain accurate information related to anthropogenic activities that caused forest destruction. The number of sources of informants were 62 people. Methods of data collection in this study include observation methods, indepth interviews and documentation. The preliminary research results indicate that the anthropogenic damages in Mutis Timau protected forest areas include forest encroachment, livestock grazing, shifting cultivation and forest fires, and illegal logging. Anthropogenic damage can be resolved by the management by involving community participation through joint forest management (collaborative) and can be conducted by using the social forestry systems
References
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[26] Lamech, F., Ming, M., Rennie, H. G., Memon, A. and Forest, A. (2014) ‘Potential for co-management approaches to strengthen livelihoods of forest dependent communities : A Kenyan case’, Land Use Policy. Elsevier Ltd, 41, pp. 304–312. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.06.008.
[27] Listopad, C. M. C. S., Köbel, M., Príncipe, A., Gonçalves, P. and Branquinho, C. (2018) ‘The effect of grazing exclusion over time on structure , biodiversity , and regeneration of high nature value farmland ecosystems in Europe’, Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier B.V., 610–611, pp. 926–936. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.018.
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[33] Ratcliffe, J. L., Creevy, A., Andersen, R., Zarov, E., Gaffney, P. P. J., Taggart, M. A., Mazei, Y., Tsyganov, A. N., Rowson, J. G., Lapshina, E. D. and Payne, R. J. (2017) ‘Ecological and environmental transition across the forested-to-open bog ecotone in a west Siberian peatland’, Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier B.V., 607–608, pp. 816–828. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.276.
[34] Salghuna, N. N., Chandra, P. R. and Kumari, J. A. (2018) ‘Assessing the impact of land use and land cover changes on the remnant patches of Kondapalli reserve forest of the Eastern Ghats , Andhra Pradesh , India’, The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences. National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, pp. 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrs.2018.01.005.
[35] Sasongko, D. A., Kusmana, C. and Ramadan, H. (2014) ‘Strategi Pengelolaan Hutan Lindung Angke Apuk (Management Strategy of Angke Kapuk Protected Forest)’, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Ling-kungan Vol. 4 No. 1 (Juli 2014): 35 - 42.
[36] Setiajiati, F. (2017) ‘Strategies of Community Empowerment to Manage Protection Forest Sustainably’, Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 23(August), pp. 71–80. doi: 10.7226/jtfm.23.2.71.
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[2] Alemagi, D. and Kozak, R. A. (2010) ‘Illegal logging in Cameroon : Causes and the path forward’, Forest Policy and Economics. Elsevier B.V., 12(8), pp. 554–561. DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2010.07.008.
[3] Aubad, J. and Arago, P. (2008) ‘Illegal logging , landscape structure and the variation of tree species richness across North Andean forest remnants’, Forest Ecology and Management. Elsevier B.V., 255, pp. 1892–1899. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.011.
[4] Awang, S. A. (2006) Sosiologi Pengetahuan Deforestasi. Konstruksi Sosial dan Perlawanan. Penerbit Debut Press. Yogyakarta.
[5] Awang, S. A. (2007) Sosiologi Kehutanan dan Lingkungan. Edisi Pertama. Edited by S. A. Awang: Laboratorium Ekologi Sosial dan Politik SDH Jurusan Manajemen Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Yogyakarta
[6] Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi NTT (2017) Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dalam Angka 2017. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi NTT. Kupang.
[7] Bakri, S. (2016) ‘Pilihan Ideologi Lingkungan dalam Praksis Manajemen Sumber Daya Hutan Berkesinambungan Dalam Buku Pengelolaan Hutan Berkelanjutan Provokasi Arsitektur, Pemikiran, Konsep dan Strategi’,Edisi Pertama. Edited by Banuw, Irwan S, San Afri Awang, Plantaxia, p. 118. Yogyakarta.
[8] Becker, C. and C. C. G. (1998) The Luck of Institutional Supply: Why a Strong Local Community in Western Ecuador Fails to Protect its Forest. Forest, Trees and People Programs. Working Paper Nomor 3 May 1998
[9] Bernardi, R. E., Holmgren, M., Arim, M. and Scheffer, M. (2016) ‘Why are forests so scarce in subtropical South America ? The shaping roles of climate , fire and livestock’, Forest Ecology and Management. Elsevier B.V., 363, pp. 212–217. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.12.032.
[10] Bond, W. . & B. W. van W. (1996) Fire and Plants. London: Chapman & Hall, London, UK.
[11] Braasch, M., García-barrios, L., Ramírez-marcial, N., Huber-sannwald, E. and Cortina-villar, S. (2017) ‘Can cattle grazing substitute fi re for maintaining appreciated pine savannas at the frontier of a montane forest biosphere-reserve ?’, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. Elsevier, 250(August), pp. 59–71. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.08.033.
[12] Bungin, B. (2003) Analisis Data Penelitian Kualitatif; Pemahaman Filosofis dan Metodologis ke Arah Penguasaan Model Aplikasi. Jakarta: Penerbit PT.Raja Grafindo Persada.
[13] Da, E., Kuenzer, C., Parker, A., Rodas, O., Oppelt, N. and Fleckenstein, M. (2017) ‘Forest cover loss in Paraguay and perception of ecosystem services : A case study of the Upper Parana Forest’, Ecosystem Services. Elsevier B.V., 24, pp. 200–212. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.03.009.
[14] Davis, LA., K Norman Johnson., Peter S. Bettinger., T. E. H. (2001) Forest Management To Sustain Ecological, Economic, and Social Values. Fourth Edi. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.An Imprint of The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York.
[15] Dawson, I. K., Leakey, R., Clement, C. R., Weber, J. C., Cornelius, J. P., Roshetko, J. M., Vinceti, B., Kalinganire, A., Tchoundjeu, Z. and Masters, E. (2014) ‘Forest Ecology and Management The management of tree genetic resources and the livelihoods of rural communities in the tropics : Non-timber forest products , smallholder agroforestry practices and tree commodity crops’, Forest Ecology and Management. Elsevier B.V., 333, pp. 9–21. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.01.021.
[16] Febriani, I., Budi, L. and Hadi, A. (2017) ‘Analisis Deforestasi Menggunakan Regeresi Logistik Model di Tahura Sekitar Tanjung di Provinsi Jambi’, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan, 7(3), pp. 195–203. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.7.3.195-203.
[17] Fisher (2012) ‘Tropical forest monitoring , combining satellite and social data , to inform management and livelihood implications : Case studies from Indonesian’, International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation. Elsevier B.V., 16, pp. 77–84. doi: 10.1016/j.jag.2011.12.004.
[18] Gro, P., Hodges, D. G. and Zadnik, L. (2016) ‘Participatory and multi-criteria analysis for forest ( ecosystem ) management : A case study of Pohorje , Slovenia ☆’, Forest Policy and Economics. 71, pp. 80–86. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2015.05.006.
[19] Hauck, M. and Lkhagvadorj, D. (2013) ‘Epiphytic lichens as indicators of grazing pressure in the Mongolian’. Ecologi Indicators. Elsevier Ltd, 32, pp. 82–88.
[20] Jong, W. De, Liu, J. and Youn, Y. (2017) ‘Land and forests in the Anthropocene : Trends and outlooks in Asia ☆’, Forest Policy and Economics. Elsevier B.V., 79, pp. 17–25. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2016.09.019.
[21] Kaho, L. M. R. (2005) Api Dalam Ekosistem Savana : Kemungkinan Pengelolaanya Melalui Pengaturan Waktu Membakar (Studi Pada Savana Eucalyptus Timor Barat). Disertasi Program Pascasarjana Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta.
[22] Kaho, Norman PLBR dan Lusia Marimpan. (2014) ‘Pemetaan Pola Kebakaran Berbasis Fire Regime di Cagar Alam Gunung Mutis ’. Jurnal Leguminosaeae Edisi April No. 1, 2014.
[23] Kastanya, A. (2002) Pengelolaan Hutan Alam Produksi Lestari Sesuai dengan Gugus Pulau di Maluku. Disertasi Program Pascasarjana Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta.
[24] Kim, Y., Soo, J., Fisher, L. A., Latifah, S., Mansur, A., Min, S. and Kim, I. (2016) ‘Indonesia’s Forest Management Units : Effective intermediaries in REDD + implementation ?’, Forest Policy and Economics 62, pp. 69–77. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2015.09.004.
[25] Kuemmerle, T., Chaskovskyy, O., Knorn, J., Radeloff, V. C., Kruhlov, I., Keeton, W. S. and Hostert, P. (2009) ‘Forest cover change and illegal logging in the Ukrainian Carpathians in the transition period from 1988 to 2007’, Remote Sensing of Environment. Elsevier Inc., 113(6), pp. 1194–1207. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2009.02.006.
[26] Lamech, F., Ming, M., Rennie, H. G., Memon, A. and Forest, A. (2014) ‘Potential for co-management approaches to strengthen livelihoods of forest dependent communities : A Kenyan case’, Land Use Policy. Elsevier Ltd, 41, pp. 304–312. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.06.008.
[27] Listopad, C. M. C. S., Köbel, M., Príncipe, A., Gonçalves, P. and Branquinho, C. (2018) ‘The effect of grazing exclusion over time on structure , biodiversity , and regeneration of high nature value farmland ecosystems in Europe’, Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier B.V., 610–611, pp. 926–936. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.018.
[28] Pagdee, A., Kim, Y., Daugherty, P. J. and Kim, Y. (2016) ‘What Makes Community Forest Management Successful : A Meta-Study From Community Forests Throughout the World, Society and Natural Resources, 1920 (October) 19:1, 33-52, DOI: 10.1080/08941920500323260.
[29] Patarkalashvili, T. (2016) ‘ScienceDirect Some problems of forest management of Georgia’, Annals of Agrarian Sciences. Elsevier Ltd, 14(2), pp. 108–113. doi: 10.1016/j.aasci.2016.04.002.
[30] Peringer, A., Buttler, A., Ileana, P., Schulze, K. A., Stupariu, M. and Rosenthal, G. (2017) ‘Disturbance-grazer-vegetation interactions maintain habitat diversity in mountain pasture-woodlands’, Ecological Modelling. 359, pp. 301–310. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.06.012.
[31] Petrova, S. (2014) ‘Contesting forest neoliberalization : Recombinant geographies of “ illegal ” logging in the Balkans’, Geoforum. Elsevier Ltd, 55, pp. 13–21. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.04.008.
[32] Purnomo, H. and Mendoza, G. (2011) ‘A system dynamics model for evaluating collaborative forest management : a case study in Indonesia’, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 18:2, 164-176, DOI: 10.1080/13504509.2010.549664.
[33] Ratcliffe, J. L., Creevy, A., Andersen, R., Zarov, E., Gaffney, P. P. J., Taggart, M. A., Mazei, Y., Tsyganov, A. N., Rowson, J. G., Lapshina, E. D. and Payne, R. J. (2017) ‘Ecological and environmental transition across the forested-to-open bog ecotone in a west Siberian peatland’, Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier B.V., 607–608, pp. 816–828. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.276.
[34] Salghuna, N. N., Chandra, P. R. and Kumari, J. A. (2018) ‘Assessing the impact of land use and land cover changes on the remnant patches of Kondapalli reserve forest of the Eastern Ghats , Andhra Pradesh , India’, The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences. National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, pp. 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrs.2018.01.005.
[35] Sasongko, D. A., Kusmana, C. and Ramadan, H. (2014) ‘Strategi Pengelolaan Hutan Lindung Angke Apuk (Management Strategy of Angke Kapuk Protected Forest)’, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Ling-kungan Vol. 4 No. 1 (Juli 2014): 35 - 42.
[36] Setiajiati, F. (2017) ‘Strategies of Community Empowerment to Manage Protection Forest Sustainably’, Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 23(August), pp. 71–80. doi: 10.7226/jtfm.23.2.71.
[37] Simon, H. (2004) Aspek Sosio-Teknis Pengelolaan Hutan Jati di Jawa. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Pustaka Pelajar.
[38] Soo, M., Ghoddousi, A., Zeppenfeld, T., Shokri, S., Sou, M., Jafari, A., Ahmadpour, M., Qashqaei, A. T., Egli, L., Ghadirian, T., Raeesi, N., Zehzad, B., Kiabi, B. H., Khorozyan, I., Balkenhol, N. and Waltert, M. (2018) ‘Livestock grazing in protected areas and its e ff ects on large mammals in the’, Biologival Conservation. Elsevier B.V.,217(October 2017), pp. 377–382. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2017.11.020.
[39] Sousa-silva, R., Verbist, B., Lomba, Â., Valent, P., Su, M., Picard, O., Hoogstra-klein, M. A., Cosofret, V., Bouriaud, L., Ponette, Q., Verheyen, K. and Muys, B. (2018) ‘Adapting forest management to climate change in Europe : Linking perceptions to adaptive responses’, Forest Policy and Economics 90(November 2017), pp. 22–30. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2018.01.004.
[40] Sulieman, H. M. (2018) ‘Exploring Drivers of Forest Degradation and Fragmentation in Sudan : The Case of Erawashda Forest and its Surrounding Community’, Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier B.V., 621, pp. 895–904. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.210.
[41] Syaufina, L. (2008) Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan di Indonesia (Perilaku Api, Penyebab dan Dampak Kebakaran). Malang: Bayumedia Publishing.
[42] Tacconi, L. (2003) ‘National and International Policies to Control Illegal Forest Activities’. A Report for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Japan. CIFOR 1993-2003
[43] Wassie, A., Sterck, F. J., Teketay, D. and Bongers, F. (2009) ‘Effects of livestock exclusion on tree regeneration in church forests of Ethiopia’, Forest Ecology and Management 257, pp. 765–772. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.032.
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Authors
DakoF. X., PurwantoR. H., Wijayanti FaidaL. R. and SumardiS. (2019) “IDENTIFIKASI KERUSAKAN ANTROPOGENIK KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG MUTIS TIMAU DI PULAU TIMOR BAGIAN BARAT DAN UPAYA PENANGGULANGANNYA”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 9(2), pp. 437-455. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.9.2.437-455.
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