SAMPLING DESIGN FOR WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN MARINE RESERVE : A STUDY CASE AT BANDA SEA CONSERVATION PARK
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Accepted
17 December 2018
Published
1 December 2018
Keywords:
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Environmental monitoring, marine reserve, sampling design
Abstract
Design of sampling site water quality monitoring at marine reserve is critical, to optimize the effectiveness of periodic assessment. A simple stratified systematic design, that been usually used in most of monitoring anlaysis, may not maximize the information of spatial data in marine hydrology. The present work applied a multivariate statistical analysis and spatial autocorrelation methods to develop an optimal sampling design for water quality assessment in tropical marine reserve, Banda Sea Conservation Park, Indonesia. Seasonal (west, intermediate, and east monsoon season in Indonesia) and spatial (38 stations) water quality analysis (Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, pH, and nutrient) in 3 zones of Marine Reserve were conducted. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was the principal variable for the sampling design criterion. Spatial DO Variograms showed relocation of the sampling stations, to optimize the design of water quality monitoring. Therefore, even the principal variable may vary at other locations, depends on hydrology and other area specific characteristics, the proposed technique could be applied in sampling design concerning hydrology monitoring.
References
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Dheenan, P.S., Jha, D.K., Das, A.K., Vinithkumar, N.V., Devi, M.P. and Kirubagaran, R., 2016. Geographic information systems and multivariate analysis to evaluate fecal bacterial pollution in coastal waters of Andaman, India. Environmental Pollution, 214, pp.45-53.
De'ath, G., K. Fabricius, 2010. Water quality as a regional driver of coral biodiversity and macroalgae on the Great Barrier Reef. Ecological Applications, 20(3), pp.840-850.
Duprey, N.N., Yasuhara, M., D.M. Baker, 2016. Reefs of tomorrow: eutrophication reduces coral biodiversity in an urbanized seascape. Global change biology, 22(11), pp.3550-3565.
Fu, S., C.Y. Wei, 2013. Multivariate and spatial analysis of heavy metal sources and variations in a large old antimony mine, China. Journal of soils and sediments, 13(1), pp.106-116.
Harris, L.A., Hodgkins, C.L.S., Day, M.C., Austin, D., Testa, J.M., Boynton, W., Van Der Tak, L. and Chen, N.W., 2015. Optimizing recovery of eutrophic estuaries: impact of destratification and re-aeration on nutrient and dissolved oxygen dynamics. Ecological Engineering, 75, pp.470-483.
Hedley, J.D., Roelfsema, C.M., Chollett, I., Harborne, A.R., Heron, S.F., Weeks, S., Skirving, W.J., Strong, A.E., Eakin, C.M., Christensen, T.R., V. Ticzon, 2016. Remote sensing of coral reefs for monitoring and management: a review. Remote Sensing, 8(2), pp.118-168.
Huang, J., Yin, H., Chapra, S.C. and Zhou, Q., 2017. Modelling Dissolved Oxygen Depression in an Urban River in China. Water, 9(7), p.520.
Jin, Q., Lu, J., Wu, J. and Luo, Y., 2017. Simultaneous removal of organic carbon and nitrogen pollutants in the Yangtze estuarine sediment: The role of heterotrophic nitrifiers. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 191, pp.150-156.
Kitsiou, D., Tsirtsis, G., M. Karydis, 2001. Developing an optimal sampling design. A case study in a coastal marine ecosystem. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 71(1), pp.1-12.
Lam, N.S.N., 1983. Spatial interpolation methods: a review. The American Cartographer, 10(2), pp.129-150.
Maas, S., Scheifler, R., Benslama, M., Crini, N., Lucot, E., Brahmia, Z., Benyacoub, S., P. Giraudoux, 2010. Spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations in urban, suburban and agricultural soils in a Mediterranean city of Algeria. Environmental pollution, 158(6), pp.2294-2301.
Mattsson, B.J., Zipkin, E.F., Gardner, B., Blank, P.J., Sauer, J.R., J.A. Royle, 2013. Explaining local-scale species distributions: relative contributions of spatial autocorrelation and landscape heterogeneity for an avian assemblage. PLoS One, 8(2), p.e55097.
Panagopoulos, G.P., Angelopoulou, D., Tzirtzilakis, E.E. and Giannoulopoulos, P., 2016. The contribution of cluster and discriminant analysis to the classification of complex aquifer systems. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 188(10), p.591.
Polónia, A.R.M., Cleary, D.F.R., de Voogd, N.J., Renema, W., Hoeksema, B.W., Martins, A., N.C.M. Gomes, 2015. Habitat and water quality variables as predictors of community composition in an Indonesian coral reef: a multi-taxon study in the Spermonde Archipelago. Science of the total environment, 537, pp.139-151.
Sánchez, E., Colmenarejo, M.F., Vicente, J., Rubio, A., García, M.G., Travieso, L. and Borja, R., 2007. Use of the water quality index and dissolved oxygen deficit as simple indicators of watersheds pollution. Ecological Indicators, 7(2), pp.315-328.
Shoji, S. and Takahashi, T., 2002. Environmental and agricultural significance of volcanic ash soils. Global Environmental Research, 6(2), pp.113-135.
Tomascik, T., Van Woesik, R. and Mah, A.J., 1996. Rapid coral colonization of a recent lava flow following a volcanic eruption, Banda Islands, Indonesia. Coral Reefs, 15(3), pp.169-175.
Wang, Y., Zhang, X., C. Huang, 2009. Spatial variability of soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus under different land uses in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau, China. Geoderma, 150(1), pp.141-149.
Ward, R.C., Loftis, J.C., G.B. McBride, 1986. The “data-rich but information-poor” syndrome in water quality monitoring. Environmental management, 10(3), pp.291-297.
Authors
JanuarH. I. (2018) “SAMPLING DESIGN FOR WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN MARINE RESERVE : A STUDY CASE AT BANDA SEA CONSERVATION PARK”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 8(3), pp. 296-300. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.8.3.296-300.
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