Analysis of Mother ' s Personality , Mother ' s Parenting Style , and Adolescent ' s Autonomy in Rural Families

This study design was cross-sectional study. Examples in this study were teenagers and mothers of three selected junior in Ciampea Sub-district. The number of samples in this study were 100 adolescents and mothers who were selected through cluster random sampling. The results showed the tendency of personality type mostwidely owned mom is conscientiousness that a personality type that thorough, orderly, industrious, diligent, efficient, planners, and think before acting. Positive parenting style dimensions (warmth, regularity, and support independence) has a higher achievement than the dimensions negati f (denial, irregularity, and coercion).Results of the study found no association and the influence of mothers on the independence of adolescent personality. However, the regression test found the influence of mother's personality on mother's nurturing style and only the large family to the independence of rural adolescents.


Introduction
Adolescence is an age composition of the population that determines the quality of the population in the future and p enduduk teen needs serious attention because teenagers are included in school age and working age .Santrock (2002) states that adolescence is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood that includes physical, cognitive, and emotional changes.Hurlock (2000) mentions that one of the developmental tasks that must be achieved by adolescent is independence.Noom et al (2001) divided the independence of teenagers into three dimensions, namely attitudinal autonomy (Independence of stance), emotional autonomy (independence emotion), and f unctional autonomy (independence function).Teenagers are still bound and interact with the environment that is on surrounding.Theory Bronfenbrenner (1981) in Hastuti (201 4) describes the microenvironment as neighborhood closest to the child who becomes a place to grow and form a pattern of self-reliance and habits of everyday life.Adolescents need opportunities, support and encouragement of family and the environment around it, in order to achieve k emandirian on himself.One of them is the relationship between parents and teenagers who can be known through appropriate parenting style with Fleur (2014) who state that the relationship between parents and children is one important factor in the development of self-reliance.Sunarti (2004) defines parenting styles as the most prominent or the most dominant pattern of parental behavior in the daily handling of children, including living values, teaching life skills, and managing emotions.Skinner et al. (2005) developed an approach-negative positive model based parenting style consists of six dimensions of warmth, structure (regularity), autonomy support, rejection, irregularity, and hardness.Based on three primary needs of children, the six dimensions of parenting styles digabungakan into three dimensions by changing the negative into a positive dimension.Three dimensional composite is positive, that is warmth-rejection, structure-chaos, and autonomy support-coersion.Hurlock (2000) also states that parenting parents play an important role for the development of self-reliance.The habit of following the choice of parents and the environment can form a feeling of comfort in her and there is concern and fear for teenagers in making a decision without the help of parents, thus allowing teens to be reluctant to get out of that sense of comfort (Steinberg 2002).In addition, nonindependent teenagers will have emotional instability and poor resilience in the face of challenges and pressures that are vulnerable to the negative effects of their environment and effect on misbehavior (Santosa and Marheni 2013).Belsky (2014), Huver et al. (2010), andPrinzie et al. (2009) states that the personality characteristics of parents, especially mothers who spend more time with children than fathers will form care.According to Metsapelto and Pulkkinen (2003) personality is a stable way of thinking, feeling, and behaving.B ome studies have found that women who had a positive and strong personality, as open to new things and warm will tend to apply the authoritative parenting, as it has the knowledge and practice better parenting (Metsapelto andPulkkinen 2003).The research result Urman (2011) also showed that a positive personality dimensional oppeness affect the viscosity behavior, education, public welfare and protection, responsibility, responsiveness, sensitivity, and positive parenting.When a mother is more likely to have a negative personality (neuroticsm) then applied parenting styles tend to be negative as well as harsh discipline or authoritarian parenting styles (Bornstein et al. 2007).Negative parenting can encourage children to be able to stand on its own, is not responsible, and less sure of yourself (Santosa and Marheni 2013).Additionally, Karabanova andPoskrebysheva (2013) states that adolescents with low levels of selfreliance in all aspects of parental controls is characterized by very high (authoritarian) and away the emotional connection.
Their modern values ization from outside who have assimilated with the local community values, of course, an important factor that influences the practice of positive parenting and to support the independence of adolescents.Generally, families in rural areas are characterized by low levels of education and low parental income that have many challenges to practice Positive parenting in the age of globalization (Alfiasari et al.2014).Previous studies that examine the nurturing style have been widely practiced, but nothing has been linked to the personality as an internal mother's focalor with the independence of the rural adolescents.
Based on the concept that has been developed by Belsky (1984) about the personality characteristics of parents, especially mothers, parenting style developed by Skinner et al. (2005), as well as self-reliance developed by Noom et al. (2001) through this research can be found the influence of the mother's personality and style of mothering towards independence, especially in young children in rural families.
Therefore, this research needs to be done in order to give an idea of the personality and style of mothering in rural areas dil akukan against teenagers with (1) m engidentifikasi characteristics of young, family characteristics, mother's personality, style of mothering, and independence of young people in rural areas ; (2) menganalisis relationship juvenile characteristics, family characteristics of the mother's personality, g aya mothering, and independence l adolescents in rural areas; (3) m enganalisis influence adolescent characteristics, family characteristics, and personality mothers on parenting styles of mothers in rural areas; (4) m enganalisis influence adolescent characteristics, family characteristics and maternal parenting style to adolescent self-reliance in rural areas.

Methods
This study is the umbrella theme "Mother Personality, temperament and independence of Youth in Rural Areas" using cross-sectional design.The method used in this research is survey method.The choice of location is purposive in t ribs Junior High School are junior Hanura, Madani SMP and SMP Plus Darusholihin of D esaCihideung Ilir and Cihideung Udik.The study population was a family perdesaa n in the District of Ciampea.The study also identifies examples of using cluster random SAMPLI ng a total of 100 adolescents and their mothers.
The data used in this reseach is the primary data that collected from respondent through self-administered by teens using instrument Adolescent Autonomy Questionnaire and interviews with the mother by using the instrument of The Big Five Inventory (BFI) and the Parents as Social Context Questionnaire (PSCQ).Dimensions of personality in this study using the Big Five Inventory (BFI) developed by John and Srivastava (1999) with 44 statement that consisting of five dimensions openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism with the value of Cronbach's alpha of 0.692.Measurement of parenting styles using the Parents as Social Context Questionnaire (PSCQ) developed by Skinner et al. (2005) consisting of 33 statements the consist of the six dimensions of warmth, rejection, regularity, irregularity, supporting an independence, and coercion with a value of Cronbach's alpha of 0.657.Meanwhile, measumerement of autonomy is using Autonomy Adolescent Questionnaire that developed by Noom et al. (2001) which consists of 15 statement that consisting of three-dimensional attitude, emotional, and functional use values Cronbach's alpha of 0.639.Analisis data used in this research using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis of such tests and effect relationship.

Result
The results showed that adolescents in this study were men and women as much as 52 percent as much as 48 percent.Average of teen age is 13.45 years.The average age of mothers in this nelitian pe is 41 years old.A total of 52 percent in this study included in a moderate family with the number of 5-7 people.The P resentase mother's education is at a level equal elementary education by 73 percent.S tatus mother's occupation with the largest proportion is not working and bers tatus as housewives as much as 77 percent.Mothers who work statusgenerally be traders or entrepreneurs.In addition, the gold standard b erdasarkan figures Thursday duction lineRegency Bogor as much as 94 percent of the per capita income of more than IDR 544.019 / capita / month with an average income IDR 1 813 000 / capita / month.
Based on five personality dimension that is agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, opennesss regarded as a positive personality dimensions, while neuroticism neuroticism regarded as a negative personality dimensional (Skinner et al, 2005).Domination of mother's personality is greatest dimension of conscientiousness, followed by dimensional of agreeableness, extraversion, and neuroticism.But, tend to an openness personality dimension is not found in the distribution of respondents survey.Dimension of conscientiousness had an average index of the highest among the other four dimensions, while dimensions oppeness has the lowest average.It shows that on average women in this study did not have the dominance that less emotionally stable personality, stress, creative, and elect ki high curiosity.
Average score index of positive parenting is parenting with warmth, regularity, and support the independence tend to higher than the index score of negative parenting that is denial, irregularity, and coercion.The highest average on positive parenting style is the dimension of independence support whereas in negative parenting style is the dimension of rejection.Skinner (2005) also incorporates the six dimensions called as warmth (a combination of warmth and rejection), order (a combination combination of regularity and irregularity), and support independence (combination of support independence and coercion).In the negative dimension.Skinner (2005) reverses the score so that all three new dimensions lead to positive parenting style.
Autonomy of support parenting style dimensions have the highest average.It refers to k's that tendency parenting style mother committed against young people in rural areas in this research by supporting self-reliance through belief and the freedom to argue and do not force the child to do something, yelling, and a big fight with teenagers mostly done by women, while the lowest average is the warmth dimension.The average teenager pa da independence attitudes and emotions are at a moderate level, while the independence of the function of more than half of teens are at a low level.The average achievement score of the highest index of adolescent independence is in the dimension of emotional independence, then the independence of attitudes, and the lowest is the independence of functions.This shows that the average teenager began to feel confident about the choice themselves and start acting to select and define the objectives however, their ability to develop strategies to achieve its objectives there is still a doubt to an as difficult to start a new activity alone.Table 1 shows the dimensions of personality agreeableness very significantly positively associated with parenting style regularity, support independence.Personality dimensions conscientiousness also positively significant relationship with the style of parenting and regularity very significantly positively associated support independence.Other results in Table 1 also shows that the dimensions of personality extraversion significantly positively associated with warmth and very significantly positively associated with regularity.The dimensions of the mother's personality neuroticism which has a very negative emotional instability associated significantly with the style of parenting support independence.Meanwhile, the personality type o penness found no significant association with any parenting styles as there are mothers who have a tendency to opennesspersonality dimensions.Furthermore, relation test result of teenager characteristics, family characteristics, and personality of the mother with independence in Table 2 indicate that only families were significantly related to the independence of adolescent attitude while the characteristics of young people and mother's personality others do not show any significant correlation with the independence of teenagers in the rural areas this research.

Influence of Characteristics of Teenager, Characteristic of Family and Parenting Personality Style of Mother
Regression test results in Table 3 indicate that women with type A personality agreeableness and conscientiousness significant positive effect on parenting style, while the mother's personality by type neoriticism significant negative effect on parenting style.

Influence of Characteristics of Teenager, Family Characteristics and Parenting Style of Mother to Independence
Results of regression analysis showed that this model does not show significant results that do regression testing using backward method to obtain a regression model that has significance both as shown in Table 4. Results of regression analysis using backward method on the the value of R s quare this test of 0.022which indicates that this model only describes the effect of variable 2.2 percent of the families in this study rtoward the independence of teenagers in rural areas, the rest (97.8%) is influenced by other variables not examined.The test results showed that the characteristics of families in the form of the families have a significant positive influence on adolescents independence, this means that the greater the number of families living in the house will raise the score of 0.928 points teenage independence.

Discussion
The results of this study indicate the independence of teenagers in rural areas in research lie on average quite well with the category of being in camp andirian attitudes and emotions.However, on the independence of more functions are in the low category.Emotional independence has an average index score higher than the independence of attitudes and functions that tend to be low.The teenagers in the village in this study, on the emotional independence of nearly half the teenagers convey what is not agreed with others, is not easy to succumb when less sure about a thing, not easily nervous when imposing the will to others, but adolescents still tend to follow the will of people others as well as easy to change thinking when listening to the opinions of others.
The independence of rural teenage attitudes in this study of more than half of teenagers tends to be difficult to decide something and to be skeptical about what to think and do.However, sometimes teens can make choices easily and know what they want clearly.Meanwhile, on the independence of the function almost half of teenagers have started acting to achieve goal, easy to step into a new thing.However, rural adolescents in this study are still difficult to start new activities alone, less adventurous, and sometimes less comfortable with the new situation.
Independence of emotions have an average index score was higher than the attitude of independence and function which tend to be low.H al have conformed to the Steinberg (2002) and Noom et al. (2001) which states that the independence of emotion develops early and became the basis for the development of other independence.Independence of attitudes and it's emotional development begins in early adolescence and continues more fully in early adulthood different from the independence of functions that develop in late adolescence (Noom et al., 2001).This result, however, does not match the results of Karabanova and Poskrebyheva (2013) studies which show that emotional independence has the lowest average value among attitudes and functions in adolescents aged 14-16 years old.
The dominant personality tendencies owned by mother is the dimension of conscienctiousness, and agreeableness.Meanwhile, there is a tendency dimensions of personality are not included in the distribution of mothers with children in rural areas studied were openness.Low levels of maternal education that the average rate of primary school graduates allows the cause of the absence of opennesspersonality type according to Bornstein et al. (2011) m emiliki characteristics open to new experiences, creative, curious high, free and broad-minded, and intelligent.Prinzie et al. (2009) states that the o with parents are high on the dimension conscientiousness possible to implementing of standards in parenting, there by providing a more consistent and structured.
Positive parenting style (warmth, regularity, and support self-reliance) that has a relatively high averageis a support independence and regularity.Support self-reliance is a parenting style that supports children to express their feelings, express opinions, be honest with yourself, trust the child, does not scream to teenagers if they want him to do something, allow teens to decide a lot of things on child's life, not being forced to do something, and fighting with children naturally.Regularity is a parenting style that explains to teenagers the rules that have been made, what you expect, consistent with what you say, when teenagers have problems then finding out and helping to solve, not letting teenagers do things that are not allowed and not angry at teenagers do not know why.
The dimension of maternal style with rural adolescents in this study with the lowest average was warmth.Warmth is a parenting style that knows many things that happen with teenagers, knowing their feelings, doing special things, taking time, and letting teenagers know that their mother loves her.However, most mothers do not understand their teenagers well, making the demands of their teenage children as a burden, and sometimes the mother feels that the time that mom gives to the teenager is less and the mother can not always be near the teenagers when needed.
The relationship test performed shows that there is a significant relationship between personality types agreeableness, conscientiousness, ekstraversion, and neuroticism rural adolesncent adolescents with maternal parentingstyles applied in rural areas.In addition, type personality agreeableness (friendly, forgiving, trusting, kind, and considerate) very positively associated significantly with regularity parenting style and support independence.This is consistent with the results of research Bornstein et al. (2007) showed that higher maternal dimensionaggrebleness have more knowledge about parenting and children and have the perception of parents over child support.It is also consistent with the results of research Metsapelto and Pulkkinen (2003) which states that the personality of openness has a positive relationship in the care, support, and little in the negative control, in addition, the research Clark et al. (2000) also states that a greeableness also positively associated with cognitive stimulation, responsiveness, care, and support.The influence of direct and indirect depicting a child's behavior is the result of a complex interaction between personality characteristics of parents and parenting styles do because the results showed that the differences of each parent in the care associated with personality characteristics of parents (Prinzie et al., 2005).
Conscientiousness personality type (conscientious, reliable worker, diligent, efficient, planners, not easily confused and indecisive, diligent, and neat) had a significant positive correlation with regularity and positive parenting style is very significant to support independence.The research result Bornstein et al. (2007) showed that conscientiousness is in keeping with the knowledge of motherhood about parenting and is a special feature of positive parenting.It is also in accordance with Prinzie et al. (2009) which states that the personality extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness high and low neuroticism are associated with dimensions of parenting style warmth, control behavior, and independence.However, these results do not correspond with the Huver et al. (2010) which states that conscientiousness personality has no relationship to the general parenting style.
Other results also showed that extraversion personality very significantly positively associated with positive parenting style warmth and very significantly with regularity.This is consistent with the results of researchof Haddad (2015) who state that the dimensions of extraversion is positively correlated with the spirit, happiness, enjoy each other, their mutual relations and overall parenting style that characterizes adaptive parenting dimensions of warmth.The research result Bornstein et al. (2007) also mentions the extraversion personality is positively associated with parenting competence, Mother friendly, energetic, active in evaluating themselves in their ability to nurture.In addition, Clark et al. (2000) said that mothers are higher in extraversion personality has links with causing mother more assertive in attitude.
This study further found that mothers personality with children in rural areas tend to neuroticsm who have emotional instability, easily sad and depressed, nervous, and has a high level of concern is very significantly positively associated with parenting style support independence.These results are consistent with research Bornstein et al. (2007) showed that personality neuroticsm linked to negative parenting (harsh discipline) and negatively related to parenting competencies.This can happen because in the dimension of independence support there is the dimension of coercion.The results of research Metsapelto and Pulkkinen(2003) also states that the mother's personality neuroticsm associated with warmth, engagement, response, and low awareness of parents as well as high in disturbing, irritability, criticism, negative discipline, hostility, and power.Hadad (2015) also stated that the neurotic personality of mother has a relationship between stress and the angry tone of voice that was issued by the mother.
Test relationship of teenager characteristics, family characteristics, and personality independence mothers with large families showed that only significant related to the independence of this attitude in accordance with the results of research Krisnatuti et al. (2011) which states that the greater the family the emotional intelligence, independence, and adolescent adherence the better.This can happen because with a large number of families then the teenagers used to be independent and take care of everything itself.Families are the most likely to treat them democratically is a small family, but did not rule out that a lot of children in the family are also demanding higher levels of the child's independence, because of parental attention focused on young children.This result is also not in accordance with the results of research Bornstein et al. (2011) that the five dimensions of personalityhas links with mothering.
The test results have moved continuous to found that no association betwee maternal parenting stylewith adolescent self-reliance in rural areas in this study.This is not in accordance with the results of Zimmer and Collins (2003) and Dewanggi et al. (2012) that parenting style berhubu ngan with teenagers independence.Santrock (2002) also mentions that when adolescents are encouraged to become independent, wise parents will reduce control and guide and support so that adolescents can make sensible decisions and develop their independence.However, when the parenting style that actively demonstrate rejection such as irritability, hardness, and booed far from being wise and less are guiding many teens may be reluctant to make decisions independently.
Test carried out on the effect of the first test shows that there is a significant positive effect between personality tendencies mothers with children in rural areas tend to be agreeableness and conscientiousnesstowards parenting style.Meanwhile, tend of mother's personality neuroticsm type have a significant negative effect on parenting style.This is consistent with Urman's research (2012) which shows that personality agreeableness affects several dimensions of parenting, namely attachment, education, responsiveness, positive and negative influences.Furthermore, Urman (2012) also states that the personality of conscientiousness affects several dimensions of parenting, namely education, general welfare and protection, and negative care.Belsky (1984) says that the parents' personality is influential in the social context that is lived as a form of parenting function.This is also in accordance with the research of Huver et al. (2010) which shows that the personality dimension of agreebleness is influential on nurture.
The second follow-up test between the characteristics of adolescent and family and caregiver style to adolescent independence shows that only large families have a significant positive effect on adolescent independence.This is in accordance with Steinberg (2002) that the number of family members is one of the external factors that influence the formation of independence.These results are also consistent with Kavyashree and Manjula (2014) in the absence of significant differences between early adolescents of urban and rural women in terms of independence and research results of Parra et al. (2014) show no gender difference in the development of adolescent emotional autonomy.However, the results of this test are not in accordance with the results of research Noom et al. (2001) that the age and sex of adolescents also influence independence where men tend to be more independent than women..
Of course there are to the limit in this study including filling the teen questionnaire done by using self-administred techniques, where respondents fill in their own questionnaire by selecting the answers that have been provided.This allows a bias between the views of respondents with the intent of the questionnaire statement, In addition, this study is limited to early adolescent age range and only research in rural areas only.Furthermore, in the measurement of parenting style this study only examines from the side of his mother alone so that for further research it is expected that the style of parenting is assessed from two sides, both mother and child, teen age range as a whole, and can compare villages and cities.In addition, in the next study more attention to other variables that affect self-reliance in adolescents and also other factors that affect parenting style and mother's personality.

Conclusion
The results showed that mothers tend to have conscientiousness personality (conscientiousness, reliable, diligent, efficient, planner, not confused and hesitant, diligent, and neat), S cor independence of emotion has a higher index score than attitude independence and function.Based on the level of independence of rural adolescents are at a moderate level.This study did not find any relationship and influence of mother personality to adolescent independence.But the personality of the mother has a relationship and influence with the mother's nurturing style, Personality agreeableness andconscientiousness relate to the style of parenting and support independence.Extraversion personality is related to the style of care of warmth and regularity.The personality of the neuroticism mother is negatively related to the supportive style of self-support.While the personality o pennesstidak found significant relationship with the style of care of warmth, regularity and support independence.
Regression test results show the personality of mother a greeableness and c onscientiousness have positive effect to mother care style.The epithelium of the mother of neoriticism is natively affecting the mother's nurturing style.In addition, further tests on the influence of the characteristics of adolescents and families, as well as maternal care styles on adolescent self-reliance in rural areas show that only large families have a negative effect on the presence of adolescents in rural areas while others have no significant effect on this study.

Suggestion
The results of the study found that the mother's personality was related and influenced by the parenting style applied by the mother.Therefore, mother should be strived and stimulated with positive environment in order to have positive personality (agreeableness, c onscientiousness, extraversion, and openness) so that can apply appropriate parenting style according to requirement that needed by adolescent to make attitude of adolescent more independent, responsible, and able to solve problems encountered.This can be done by utilizing effective communication between parents and children, creating a harmonious and good atmosphere between families so that children are more open to their parents.In addition to being a parent who gives love and understanding of the child, parents should be a good listener for the children.In such a way the child will feel that the parents are able to understand themselves every parent also tries to better listen to the problems faced by the child and provide the best solution.It needs to instill an attitude of independence to teenagers especially early adolescents, so that early teens are more responsible to themselves, able adjust to environmental conditions and can overcome difficulties that occur.In addition, adolescents who have independence will have emotional stability and resilience in order to face the challenges and pressures that will be faced.Teenagers are expected to be able to develop independence from within him and adolescents who still have low independence is expected to be able to re-evaluate the independence it has.
Relationship ofYouth Characteristics, Family Characteristics, and Mother's Personality with Style of Maternal Care and Youth Self-Reliance

Table 1
The correlation coefficient characteristics of young people and families with parenting style

Table 2
The correlation coefficient characteristics of young people and families with parenting style

Table 3
Regression coefficients of teenager characteristic, family characteristics, and mothers personality on parenting style ,302 points, while each increase of one unit of the mother's personality type easily stressed, anxious, have excessive encouragement and an emotional will decrease parenting style by 0.173 points.R square value in this test of 0.202 which shows that the model is only explain 20.2% of research variables influence restricted ap parenting styles of mothers in rural areas in this study, the rest (79.8%) is influenced by other variables not examined .