The application of pigment-protein fraction from Nannochloropsis oculata on β-actin response of Cromileptes altivelis infected with viral nervous necrosis
Abstract
ABSTRACT
β-actin is a prominent protein in the immune system. An outcome from gene transcription, the protein protects against pathogen infection, such as receptor clustering, antigen internalization, and regulating vesicle for antigen processing. ß - actin expression will determine the success of immune response of the organism. This study aimed to understand the role of pigment-protein fraction (PPF) from Nannochloropsis oculata in the increase of β-actin expression in humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis infected by viral nervous necrosis (VNN). The experiment was performed with one negative control (A: normal fish) and three PPF treatments (B: fish + PPF, C: fish + VNN, and D: fish + PPF + VNN). PPF was applied through the sonde method and analyzed with immunohistochemistry technique and Immunoratio software. The results showed that PPF was able to increase β-actin expression on all treatments: A (34.9%), B (38.1%), C (39.1%), and D (51.6%). It demonstrated PPF ability to induce the increase of β-actin expression indicating an improved defense of humpback grouper C. altivelis against VNN infection.
Keywords: β-actin, pigment-protein fraction, Nannochloropsis oculata, VNN
ABSTRAK
β-aktin adalah protein yang berfungsi penting sebagai salah satu sistem pertahanan tubuh. Protein ini merupakan hasil transkripsi dari gen yang memiliki fungsi penting dalam sistem pertahanan tubuh terhadap infeksi patogen, seperti kelompok reseptor, internalisasi antigen, dan mengatur keluar masuknya vesikel untuk pemrosesan antigen. Ekpresi β-aktin menjadi penentu berhasil atau tidaknya respons imun pada tubuh organisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran fraksi protein pigment (FPP) dari Nannochloropsis oculata dalam meningkatkan respons β-aktin pada ikan kerapu tikus Cromileptes altivelis yang terinfeksi viral nervous necrosis (VNN). Pengamatan dilakukan pada empat percobaan yaitu, satu kontrol (A : ikan normal) dan tiga perlakuan FPP (B : ikan + FPP, C: ikan + VNN, dan D: ikan + VNN + FPP). Pemberian FPP menggunakan metode sonde dan analisis hasil penelitian menggunakan teknik imunohistokimia dan Immunoratio. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengiduksian FPP mampu meningkatkan ekpresi β-aktin yaitu A (34,9%), B (38,1%), C (39,1%), dan D (51,6%). Hal tersebut menunjukan FPP mampu menjadi inducer yang baik untuk peningkatan ekpresi β-aktin. Meningkatnya ekspresi β-aktin bisa dijadikan sebagai indikator pertahanan tubuh ikan kerapu tikus C. altivelis terhadap infeksi VNN.
Kata kunci: β-aktin, fraksi protein pigmen, Nannochloropsis oculata, VNN
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