Pengaruh Eradikasi Gulma terhadap Perkembangan Populasi Wereng Hijau dan Kejadian Penyakit Tungro pada Padi
Abstract
Tungro is one of the important diseases in rice that is still a constraint to increased productivity. Tungro disease caused by a tungro viruses that is transmitted by green leafhoppers in a semi persistent manner. The presence of weeds can cause yield losses of rice and is a potential host plant of tungro viruses. Eradication of weeds is an attempt to eliminate the source of inoculum of tungro viruses. The research objective was to determine the effect of weed eradication on the development of green leafhopper population and the incidence of tungro disease. The study was conducted in an experimental field of Tungro Disease Research Station, Lanrang Village, Sidenreng Rappang District, South Sulawesi at rainy season and dry season 2014. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 8 eradication treatments and 4 replications. The parameters include the observation of weed species that grow in each plot and embankment planting, green leafhopper population density and the number of infected plants by tungro viruses. Observations in the planting is done at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting (WAP). The observations of weeds and green leafhopper population was also conducted on the field before eradication. The results showed that the weeds potential as a source of inoculum were Cyperus rotundus, C. iria, Fimbristylis miliacea, and E. colonum. Eradication of weeds before and after planting through both mechanical and herbicide applications tended to suppress the green leafhopper populations and tungro disease incidence.
Downloads
References
Aminatun T, Martono E, Worosuprojo S, Tandjung SD, Memmott J. 2011. Pola Interaksi Serangga Herbivora-Gulma pada Ekosistem Sawah Surjan Organik dan Konvensional dalam Dua Musim Tanam. Dalam: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian, Pendidikan dan Penerapan, Yogyakarta 14 Mei 2011. Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Antralina M. 2012. Karakteristik gulma dan komponen hasil tanaman padi sawah (Oryza sativa L.) sistem SRI pada waktu keberadaan gulma yang berbeda. CEFARS: Agribisnis dan Pengembangan Wilayah. 3(2): 9-17.
Chin DU. 2001. Biology and Management of Barnyardgrass, red sprangletop and weedy rice. Weed Biology and Management. 1(1): 37-41. http://doi.org/bxwh99
Calleja DO. 2010. Water shortage due to El Niño breeds ‘tungro’ in rice plantations. [Internet] (diunduh 17 April 2016). Tersedia pada: http://balita.ph/2010/02/17/tungro-rice-disease-alert-up-in-bicol/.
Chauhan BS, Johnson DE. 2009. Influence of tillage systems on weed seedling emergence pattern in rainfed rice. Soil & Tillage Research. 106(1): 15-21. http://doi.org/fmd26x
Chauhan BS. 2013. Strategies to manage weedy rice in Asia. Crop Protection. 48: 51-56. http://doi.org/cgzg
Chauhan BS, Awan TH, Abugho SB, Evengelista G, Yadav S. 2015. Effect of crop establishment methods and weed control treatments on weed management, and rice yield. Field Crops Research. 172: 72-84. http://doi.org/f62fzd
Choung CB, Hyne RV, Stevens MM, Hose GC. 2013. The ecologycal effects of a herbicide-insecticide mixture on an experimental freshwater ecosystem. Environmental Pollution. 172: 264-274. http://doi.org/f4j2vz
Fereres A, Moreno A. 2009. Behavioural Aspects Influencing Plant Virus Transmission by Homopte-ran Insects. Virus Research. 141(2): 158-168. http://doi.org/b648dn
Johnson DE, Wopereis MCS, Mbodj D, Diallo S, Powers S, Haefele SM. 2004. Timing of weed management and yield losses due to weeds in irrigated rice in the Sahel. Field Crops Research. 85(1): 31-42. http://doi.org/bfk2xw
Karindah S, Purwaningsih A, Agustin A, Astuti LP. 2011. Ketertarikan Anaxipha longipennis Serville (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) terhadap Beberapa Jenis Gulma di Sawah sebagai Tempat Bertelur. Entomologi Indonesia. 8(1): 27-35.
Khan MA, Hibino H, Aguiero VM, Daquioag RD. 1991. Rice and Weed Hosts of Rice Tungro-Associated Viruses and Leafhopper Vectors. Plant Disease. 75(9): 926-930. http://doi.org/cnbwnq
Ladja FT. 2013. Gulma Inang Virus Tungro dan Kemampuan Penularannya ke Tanaman Padi. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan. 32(3): 187-191.
Ladja FT, Hidayat SH, Damayanti TA, Rauf A. 2016. Deteksi virus tungro pada gulma padi sawah menggunakan teknik PCR. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan. 35(1): 39-43. http://doi.org/cgzh
Masfiyah E, Karindah S, Puspitarini RD. 2014. Asosiasi Serangga Predator dan Parasitoid dengan Beberapa Jenis Tumbuhan liar di Ekosistem Sawah. HPT. 2(2): 9-14.
Muhsin M, Widiarta IN. 2009. Patosistem, Strategi, dan Komponen Teknologi Pengendalian Tungro pada Tanaman Padi. Iptek Tanaman Pangan. 4(2): 202-221.
Praptana RH, Yasin M. 2008. Epidemiologi dan Strategi Pengendalian Penyakit Tungro. Iptek Tanaman Pangan. 3(2): 184-204.
Raga IN. 2008. Perkembangan dan Penyebaran Penyakit Tungro di Indonesia. Dalam: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penyakit Tungro: Revitalisasi Strategi Pengendalian Penyakit Tungro Mendukung Upaya Peningkatan Produksi Beras Nasional. Makassar (ID): 5-6 September 2007.
Rhor JR, Rumrine PWC. 2005. Effects of an herbicides and an insecticide on pond community structure and processes. Ecological Application. 15(4): 1135-1147. http://doi.org/dkgdvq
Showler AT, Beuzelin JM, Reagan TE. 2011. Alternate crop and weed host plant oviposition preferences by the Mexican rice borer (Lepidop-tera: Crambidae). Crop Protection. 30(7): 895-901. http://doi.org/btdbjk
Smith EA, Tommaso AD, Fuchs M, Shelton AM, Nault BA. 2012. Abundance of weed hosts as potential sources of onion and potato viruses in western New York. Crop Protection. 37: 91-96. http://doi.org/f32krt
Srinivasan R, Alvarez JM, Cervantes F. 2013. The effect of an alternate weed host, hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides (Sendtner) on green peach aphid distribution and Potato leafroll virus incidence in potato fields of the Pacific Northwest. Crop Protection. 46: 52-56. http://doi.org/f4rw7d
Widiarta IN, Burhanuddin A, Daradjat AA, Hasanuddin A. 2004. Status dan Program Penelitian Pengendalian Terpadu Penyakit Tungro. p. 61-89. In A.
Hasanuddin, I.N. Widiarta dan Sunihardi (eds.), Strategi Pengendalian Penyakit Tungro: Status dan Program: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Status Program Penelitian Tungro Mendukung Keberlanjutan Produksi Padi Nasional. Makassar (ID): 7-8 September 2004.
Widiarta IN. 2005. Wereng Hijau (Nephotettix virescens Distant): Dinamika Populasi dan Strategi Pengendaliannya Sebagai Vektor Penyakit Tungro. Litbang Pertanian. 24(3): 85-92.
This journal is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
View JIPI StatsCounter
